Classical and quantum aspects of black hole dynamics

Il contenuto fisico della Relatività Generale è espresso dal Principio di Equivalenza, che sancisce l'equivalenza di geometria e gravitazione. La teoria predice l'esistenza dei buchi neri, i più semplici oggetti macroscopici esistenti in natura: essi sono infatti descritti da pochi parametri, le cui variazioni obbediscono a leggi analoghe a quelle della termodinamica. La termodinamica dei buchi neri è posta su basi solide dalla meccanica quantistica, mediante il fenomeno noto come radiazione di Hawking. Questi risultati gettano una luce su una possibile teoria quantistica della gravitazione, ma ad oggi una simile teoria è ancora lontana. In questa tesi ci proponiamo di studiare i buchi neri nei loro aspetti sia classici che quantistici. I primi due capitoli sono dedicati all'esposizione dei principali risultati raggiunti in ambito teorico: in particolare ci soffermeremo sui singularity theorems, le leggi della meccanica dei buchi neri e la radiazione di Hawking. Il terzo capitolo, che estende la discussione sulle singolarità, espone la teoria dei buchi neri non singolari, pensati come un modello effettivo di rimozione delle singolarità. Infine il quarto capitolo esplora le ulteriori conseguenze della meccanica quantistica sulla dinamica dei buchi neri, mediante l'uso della nozione di entropia di entanglement.

Design methods and geometric modelling of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Every year, thousand of surgical treatments are performed in order to fix up or completely substitute, where possible, organs or tissues affected by degenerative diseases. Patients with these kind of illnesses stay long times waiting for a donor that could replace, in a short time, the damaged organ or the tissue. The lack of biological alternates, related to conventional surgical treatments as autografts, allografts, e xenografts, led the researchers belonging to different areas to collaborate to find out innovative solutions. This research brought to a new discipline able to merge molecular biology, biomaterial, engineering, biomechanics and, recently, design and architecture knowledges. This discipline is named Tissue Engineering (TE) and it represents a step forward towards the substitutive or regenerative medicine. One of the major challenge of the TE is to design and develop, using a biomimetic approach, an artificial 3D anatomy scaffold, suitable for cells adhesion that are able to proliferate and differentiate themselves as consequence of the biological and biophysical stimulus offered by the specific tissue to be replaced. Nowadays, powerful instruments allow to perform analysis day by day more accurateand defined on patients that need more precise diagnosis and treatments.Starting from patient specific information provided by TC (Computed Tomography) microCT and MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging), an image-based approach can be performed in order to reconstruct the site to be replaced. With the aid of the recent Additive Manufacturing techniques that allow to print tridimensional objects with sub millimetric precision, it is now possible to practice an almost complete control of the parametrical characteristics of the scaffold: this is the way to achieve a correct cellular regeneration. In this work, we focalize the attention on a branch of TE known as Bone TE, whose the bone is main subject. Bone TE combines osteoconductive and morphological aspects of the scaffold, whose main properties are pore diameter, structure porosity and interconnectivity. The realization of the ideal values of these parameters represents the main goal of this work: here we'll a create simple and interactive biomimetic design process based on 3D CAD modeling and generative algorithmsthat provide a way to control the main properties and to create a structure morphologically similar to the cancellous bone. Two different typologies of scaffold will be compared: the first is based on Triply Periodic MinimalSurface (T.P.M.S.) whose basic crystalline geometries are nowadays used for Bone TE scaffolding; the second is based on using Voronoi's diagrams and they are more often used in the design of decorations and jewellery for their capacity to decompose and tasselate a volumetric space using an heterogeneous spatial distribution (often frequent in nature). In this work, we will show how to manipulate the main properties (pore diameter, structure porosity and interconnectivity) of the design TE oriented scaffolding using the implementation of generative algorithms: "bringing back the nature to the nature".

It's a matter of culture: analyzing worldbuilding in Avatar: The Last Airbender.

This dissertation is going to analyze culture in media and the role it plays in worldbuilding, taking into account one of the most-loved franchises in western animation, Avatar: The Last Airbender. Moreover, it wants to provide a different perspective on culture, posing the focus on the products consumed by many on a daily basis. First of all, this dissertation will start by trying to give “culture��� itself a definition, focusing on two works of literature from which it will draw its analysis related to worldbuilding: Agar’s cultures in comparison and Hofstede’s model of culture. Then, it will move on to the concept of worldbuilding – what we define as worldbuilding, and how it mixes with culture. We will comment on how worldbuilding has gotten more attention with growing online communities and how it could make or break a franchise, with the example of the Divergent saga. Finally, it will move on to the main case study, Avatar: The Last Airbender, which will be analyzed from a cultural standpoint, underlining the role worldbuilding plays in it, and there will be a focus on nonverbal communication in animated media.

Investigating strategies and indicators for sustainable campus: Comparison and synergies between University of Bologna and Delft University of Technology

Sustainable development is one of the biggest challenges of the twenty fist-century. Various university has begun the debate about the content of this concept and the ways in which to integrate it into their policy, organization and activities. Universities have a special responsibility to take over a leading position by demonstrating best practices that sustain and educate a sustainable society. For that reason universities have the opportunity to create the culture of sustainability for today’s student, and to set their expectations for how the world should be. This thesis aim at analyzing how Delft University of Technology and University of Bologna face the challenge of becoming a sustainable campus. In this context, both universities have been studied and analyzed following the International Sustainable Campus Network (ISCN) methodology that provides a common framework to formalize commitments and goals at campus level. In particular this work has been aimed to highlight which key performance indicators are essential to reach sustainability as a consequence the following aspects has been taken into consideration: energy use, water use, solid waste and recycling, carbon emission. Subsequently, in order to provide a better understanding of the current state of sustainability on University of Bologna and Delft University of Technology, and potential strategies to achieve the stated objective, a SWOT Analysis has been undertaken. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats have been shown to understand how the two universities can implement a synergy to improve each other. In the direction of framing a “Sustainable SWOT” has been considered the model proposed by People and Planet, so it has been necessary to evaluate important matters as for instance policy, investment, management, education and engagement. Regarding this, it has been fundamental to involve the main sustainability coordinators of the two universities, this has been achieved through a brainstorming session. Partnerships are key to the achievement of sustainability. The creation of a bridge between two universities aims to join forces and to create a new generation of talent. As a result, people can become able to support universities in the exchange of information, ideas, and best practices for achieving sustainable campus operations and integrating sustainability in research and teaching. For this purpose the project "SUCCESS" has been presented, the project aims to create an interactive European campus network that can be considered a strategic key player for sustainable campus innovation in Europe. Specifically, the main key performance indicators have been analyzed and the importance they have for the two universities and their strategic impact have been highlighted. For this reason, a survey was conducted with people who play crucial roles for sustainability within the two universities and they were asked to evaluate the KPIs of the project. This assessment has been relevant because has represented the foundation to develop a strategy to create a true collaboration.