Pour une nouvelle poétique de l'extase : Abdelwahab Meddeb et l'héritage des poètes arabes et persans de l'Antiquité et du Moyen Ãge. Comparaisons et pistes de lecture intertextuelles.

Ce travail a pour objectif d’analyser la production narrative et poétique de l’écrivain tunisien Abdelwahab Meddeb, en comparaison avec les ouvrages du Moyen Age arabe et persan. L’auteur reprend en effet, par le biais de pratiques intertextuelles, les ouvrages des philosophes et des écrivains orientaux qui plus ont marqué le monde musulman, en arrivant à en faire une synthèse originale. Cette perspective multiculturelle ouvre la voie à une instance narrative polyphonique, où les textes se confondent et se mélangent. En un premier moment, l’étude porte sur les théories intertextuelles et leur application chez Meddeb ; dans la deuxième partie, l’analyse se concentre sur les correspondances internes à l’œuvre meddebienne, pour laisser la place, dans la dernière partie, aux aspects intertextuels que le texte francophone entretient avec les autres auteurs.

Analysis and modeling techniques for ultrasonic tissue characterization

This thesis introduces new processing techniques for computer-aided interpretation of ultrasound images with the purpose of supporting medical diagnostic. In terms of practical application, the goal of this work is the improvement of current prostate biopsy protocols by providing physicians with a visual map overlaid over ultrasound images marking regions potentially affected by disease. As far as analysis techniques are concerned, the main contributions of this work to the state-of-the-art is the introduction of deconvolution as a pre-processing step in the standard ultrasonic tissue characterization procedure to improve the diagnostic significance of ultrasonic features. This thesis also includes some innovations in ultrasound modeling, in particular the employment of a continuous-time autoregressive moving-average (CARMA) model for ultrasound signals, a new maximum-likelihood CARMA estimator based on exponential splines and the definition of CARMA parameters as new ultrasonic features able to capture scatterers concentration. Finally, concerning the clinical usefulness of the developed techniques, the main contribution of this research is showing, through a study based on medical ground truth, that a reduction in the number of sampled cores in standard prostate biopsy is possible, preserving the same diagnostic power of the current clinical protocol.

Electrochemical surface modification of Single walled carbon nanotubes and graphene-based electrodes for (bio)sensing applications

Sensors are devices that have shown widespread use, from the detection of gas molecules to the tracking of chemical signals in biological cells. Single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and graphene based electrodes have demonstrated to be an excellent material for the development of electrochemical biosensors as they display remarkable electronic properties and the ability to act as individual nanoelectrodes, display an excellent low-dimensional charge carrier transport, and promote surface electrocatalysis. The present work aims at the preparation and investigation of electrochemically modified SWCNT and graphene-based electrodes for applications in the field of biosensors. We initially studied SWCNT films and focused on their topography and surface composition, electrical and optical properties. Parallel to SWCNTs, graphene films were investigated. Higher resistance values were obtained in comparison with nanotubes films. The electrochemical surface modification of both electrodes was investigated following two routes (i) the electrografting of aryl diazonium salts, and (ii) the electrophylic addition of 1, 3-benzodithiolylium tetrafluoroborate (BDYT). Both the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the modified electrode surfaces were studied such as the degree of functionalization and their surface composition. The combination of Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, electrochemistry and other techniques, has demonstrated that selected precursors could be covalently anchored to the nanotubes and graphene-based electrode surfaces through novel carbon-carbon formation.