Transatlantic Brokers. A global history of Jean Monnet’s network 1914-1943

Jean Monnet, possibly the most important actor during the first post-war decades of European integration, is constantly described in the literature as part of a network that included several influential individuals in Europe and in the United States who, at different moments, held key positions. An important aspect in this regard is that some of Monnet’s transatlantic friends promoted European integration and contributed to a cross-fertilization process across the Atlantic. Considering that most of the authors either list a number of people as being part of this network, or focus on particular individuals’ relationship with Monnet, it is fair to ask to what extent his network helped him in pursuing his goals, if Monnet was simply accepted, and why, in already existing networks, if we can consider his as a transatlantic working group and if we can retrace in this story elements of continuity and long durée that can contribute to the historiography of early European Integration. Considering new trends and interpretations that highlight the role played by networks, examination of Monnet’s techniques and his reliance on his transatlantic connections reveal important findings about his relationship with policymakers, shading also a light on important features of XX century diplomatic and transatlantic history. This dissertation’s attempt, therefore, is to define these as elements of continuity throughout the formative years of one of founding fathers of the Integration process.

La traduzione intralinguistica, interlinguistica e intercodica della trilogia marsigliese di Jean Claude Izzo

Il testo ripercorre le origini del romanzo poliziesco, la sua struttura, le tecniche narrative utilizzate e l’evoluzione del genere che ha condotto alla nascita del Noir francese e del Noir Mediterraneo. Arrivando ad osservare che per le sue caratteristiche, la letteratura noir in generale presenta specificità di tipo culturale, ambientale e linguistico, che risultano molto evidenti nell’opera di Izzo, si giunge a considerare come sia necessario per il traduttore porsi rispetto all’opera come un antropologo o un etnologo, di farsi cioè interprete di una “cultura”. Nella terza parte del lavoro vengono presentati la Trilogia di Izzo, la struttura narrativa e gli elementi socio-culturali presenti nell’opera. La quarta parte propone le teorie relative sia al problema della traduzione interlinguistica, sia a quello della traduzione intralinguistica e successivamente dopo una analisi della traduzione italiana dei testi, presenta, in appendice, una possibile traduzione del prologo di Total Khéops, inteso come sintesi delle caratteristiche narrative e culturali dell’autore. La parte conclusiva di questo lavoro riguarda la traduzione intercodica e, seguendo la linea di pensiero che ha governato l’analisi della Trilogia vengono presi in esame e messi a confronto col testo narrativo alcuni dialoghi significativi dell’adattamento per la televisione.

History of Restoration in Iran: Origins and Developments from 1900 to 1978

This thesis tends to study the origins and developments of the restoration in Iran from its very first moments till the Islamic revolution of 1978. The thesis is its first study of its kind. While almost all recent occidental ideologies regarding the thematic of restoration and conservation of historic monuments are translated and published in Iran, very little efforts have been done regarding the study of the origins of the formation of restoration in the country. The diversity of Iranian contexts, multiplicity of the intervening factors and other factors characterized a different background for the raise and developments of restoration in the country; in the thesis the influencing and characterizing factors in the formation and development of restoration in Iran will be defined and studied in detail with relative examples; due to the complexity of the Iranian context and in order to consider all influencing and characterizing factors the thesis, parallel to have formation and development of restoration, as the main scope of the research, the developments influencing factors will be confronted with necessary flashbacks to the main theme, when and where necessary. A great care will be given to the period of the activity of the restoration experts of IsMEO which is thesis will be called as the period of the introduction of the modern principles of restoration into Iranian context; the fundamental ideologies, practical and theoretical principles of IsMEO will be identified and studied in details; important case of studies of the restoration of IsMEO will be analyzed in details and the innovative aspect of the presence of Italian experts of IsMEO will be revealed.

The genetic history of Italians: new-insights from uniparentally-inherited markers

Genetic differences among human groups can be ascribed both to the broad-scale extents of pre-historical and historical migrations and to the fine-scale impacts of socio-cultural and geographic heterogeneity. In this thesis, the genetic information provided by uniparental markers were exploited to address different aspects of the Italian population history, by combining macro- and micro-geographic investigations at different spatial and temporal scales. To firstly assess the overall Italian variability, Y-chromosome and mtDNA markers were deeply typed in ~900 individuals from continental Italy, Sicily and Sardinia. Sex-biased patterns and contrasting demographic histories were observed for males and females. Differential European and Mediterranean contributions were invoked to explain the paternal genetic sub-structure observed in peninsular Italy, compared to the homogeneous maternal genetic landscape. If Neolithic showed to be one principal determinant of the detected paternal structure, local insights into specific Italian regional contexts highlighted the importance of Post-Neolithic contributions. Among them, migrations from the Balkans (particularly Greece) during late Metal Ages, played a relevant role in the cultural and genetic transitions occurred in Sicily and Southern Italy. On a finer geographic and temporal perspective, the more recent layers of Italian genetic history and some aspects of the gene-culture interaction were assessed by exploring the genetic variability within two “marginal populations”: Arbereshe of Southern Italy and Partecipanza in Northern Italy. The Arbereshe are Albanian-speaking communities settled in Sicily and Calabria since the end of Middle Ages. Despite sharing common genetic and cultural backgrounds, these groups revealed diverging micro-evolutionary histories, implying different founding events and different patterns of cultural isolation and local admixture. Partecipanza is an idiosyncratic institution of Medieval origin aimed at sharing and devolving collective lands. This case-study exemplified that socio-economic stratification within the same population may induce sex-biased genetic structuring and the maintenance of otherwise hidden historical genetic traces.