19 resultados para Química analítica-Manuales
em Acceda, el repositorio institucional de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. España
Resumo:
[ES]Preparación y Normalización de Disoluciones (Determinación gravimétrica de la humedad, Preparación y normalización de disoluciones, Disolución de aleaciones); Valoraciones Volumétricas (Introducción a la Valoración Volumétrica, Reacciones ácido-base, Reacciones de oxidación-reducción, Reacciones de precipitación, Reacciones de formación de complejos); Espectroscopía (Espectroscopía de Absorción molecular, Determinación de ácido benzoico, Determinación de calcio y magnesio, Determinación de hierro, Espectroscopía de Absorción Atómica); Métodos Electroanalíticos (Potenciometría, Electrodos Selectivos, Determinación potenciométrica, Valoración conductimétrica); Métodos de Separación (Cromatografía en capa fina, Cromatografía de gases, Cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC)); Normas de seguridad en el laboratorio, Material de laboratorio, Análisis de error y tratamiento de datos
Resumo:
El estudio que se plantea tiene como objetivo principal el establecer y desarrollar un nuevo método sensible y preciso para la determinación simultánea de fungicidas bencimidazólicos en muestras medioambientales acuosas, mediante el acoplamiento de la cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC) y la microextracción en fase sólida. Para ello se evaluará la eficiencia de la extracción de los compuestos en estudio, usando distintos tipos de fibras y optimizando las variables del procedimiento SPME como son el tiempo de extracción, la fuerza iónica, la temperatura de extracción y el tiempo de desorción. El método optimizado se aplicará posteriormente a la determinación de dichos compuestos en distintas matrices líquidas ambientales: agua de mar, agua depurada y agua subterránea.
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Tribunal: María Esther Torres Padrón y Ascensión Viera Rodríguez de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, José Antonio Murillo Pulgarín de la Universidad Castilla La Mancha,Ana García Campaña de la Universidad de Granada ; y como presidente del tribunal, Venerando González Díaz de la Universidad de La Laguna
Resumo:
[EN] An assessment of the concentrations of thirteen different therapeutic pharmaceutical compounds was conducted on water samples obtained from different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) using solid phase extraction and high- and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS/MS and UHPLC-MS/MS), was carried out. The target compounds included ketoprofen and naproxen (anti-inflammatories), bezafibrate (lipid-regulating), carbamazepine (anticonvulsant), metamizole (analgesic), atenolol (?-blocker), paraxanthine (stimulant), fluoxetine (antidepressant), and levofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and sarafloxacin (fluoroquinolone antibiotics). The relative standard deviations obtained in method were below 11%, while the detection and quantification limits were in the range of 0.3 ? 97.4 ng·L-1 and 1.1 ? 324.7 ng·L-1, respectively. The water samples were collected from two different WWTPs located on the island of Gran Canaria in Spain over a period of one year. The first WWTP (denoted as WWTP1) used conventional activated sludge for the treatment of wastewater, while the other plant (WWTP2) employed a membrane bioreactor system for wastewater treatment. Most of the pharmaceutical compounds detected in this study during the sampling periods were found to have concentrations ranging between 0.02 and 34.81 ?g·L-1.
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Programa de doctorado en oceanografía
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Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Doctorado en Gestión Costera.
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Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Doctorado en Gestión Costera
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Máster en Oceanografía
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[ES] En la última década ha crecido significativamente el uso de fármacos y diversos productos de cuidado personal en nuestra sociedad. Estos compuestos, que pertenecen a los actualmente denominados contaminantes emergentes, no son totalmente eliminados en las estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales y pueden incorporarse al medio ambiente a través de los emisarios submarinos, las aguas de riego o los lodos usados como abonos en agricultura. Muchos de estos compuestos tienen actividad tóxica o mutagénica y además pueden sufrir bioacumulación y biomagnificación en organismos marinos. Dado que las concentraciones de estos contaminantes son muy pequeñas es imprescindible desarrollar procedimientos de extracción y preconcentración que permitan cuantificarlas. Con las metodologías que se han optimizado en el grupo de investigación, hemos conseguido detectar y determinar la presencia de muchos de estos compuestos tanto en muestras líquidas como sólidas, incluyendo emisarios submarinos, agua de mar (en playas y en mar abierto), lodos y sedimentos.
Resumo:
[EN]This study presents the evaluation of seven pharmaceutical compounds belonging to different commonly used therapeutic classes in seawater samples from coastal areas of Gran Canaria Island. The target compounds include atenolol (antihypertensive), acetaminophen (analgesic), norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin (antibiotics), carbamazepine (antiepileptic) and ketoprofen and diclofenac (anti-inflammatory). Solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for the extraction and preconcentration of the samples, and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used for the determination of the compounds. Under optimal conditions, the recoveries obtained were in the range of 78.3% to 98.2%, and the relative standard deviations were less than 11.8%. The detection and quantification limits of the method were in the ranges of 0.1–2.8 and 0.3–9.3 ng·L−1, respectively. The developed method was applied to evaluate the presence of these pharmaceutical compounds in seawater from four outfalls in Gran Canaria Island (Spain) during one year. Ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were found in a large number of samples in a concentration range of 9.0–3551.7 ng·L−1. Low levels of diclofenac, acetaminophen and ketoprofen were found sporadically.
Resumo:
[EN]Until recently, sample preparation was carried out using traditional techniques, such as liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), that use large volumes of organic solvents. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) uses much less solvent than LLE, although the volume can still be significant. These preparation methods are expensive, time-consuming and environmentally unfriendly. Recently, a great effort has been made to develop new analytical methodologies able to perform direct analyses using miniaturised equipment, thereby achieving high enrichment factors, minimising solvent consumption and reducing waste. These microextraction techniques improve the performance during sample preparation, particularly in complex water environmental samples, such as wastewaters, surface and ground waters, tap waters, sea and river waters. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and time-of-flight mass spectrometric (TOF/MS) techniques can be used when analysing a broad range of organic micropollutants. Before separating and detecting these compounds in environmental samples, the target analytes must be extracted and pre-concentrated to make them detectable. In this work, we review the most recent applications of microextraction preparation techniques in different water environmental matrices to determine organic micropollutants: solid-phase microextraction SPME, in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME). Several groups of compounds are considered organic micropollutants because these are being released continuously into the environment. Many of these compounds are considered emerging contaminants. These analytes are generally compounds that are not covered by the existing regulations and are now detected more frequently in different environmental compartments. Pharmaceuticals, surfactants, personal care products and other chemicals are considered micropollutants. These compounds must be monitored because, although they are detected in low concentrations, they might be harmful toward ecosystems.