Horacio y el sexo: amor y seducción en la poesía de Horacio

[ES]En el presente trabajo se ofrece una panorámica sobre el tema amoroso en la poesía de Horacio. El amor es un tema importante, aunque no nuclear, en su poesía. Se analizan todas las modalidades de amor que contempla Horacio, según la destinataria de la relación: amor conyugal a la esposa, amor adúltero con esposas ajenas, amor no adúltero con cortesanas y sexo con prostitutas vulgares. Horacio elogia idealmente el amor matrimonial tradicional y denuesta el adulterio, pero prefiere personalmente un amor donjuanesco con múltiples parejas. Esta inclinación tiene una base literaria (pues era el sesgo dominante en el epigrama griego de época helenística), pero también responde a los gustos personales de Horacio. Se concluye que los datos extraídos de su poesía son relevantes para comprender las preferencias eróticas del Horacio hombre.

Molecular method for the characterization of Coxiella burnetii from clinical and environmental samples: variability of genotypes in Spain

[EN] Background. Coxiella burnetii is a highly clonal microorganism which is difficult to culture, requiring BSL3 conditions for its propagation. This leads to a scarce availability of isolates worldwide. On the other hand, published methods of characterization have delineated up to 8 different genomic groups and 36 genotypes. However, all these methodologies, with the exception of one that exhibited limited discriminatory power (3 genotypes), rely on performing between 10 and 20 PCR amplifications or sequencing long fragments of DNA, which make their direct application to clinical samples impracticable and leads to a scarce accessibility of data on the circulation of C. burnetii genotypes. Results: To assess the variability of this organism in Spain, we have developed a novel method that consists of a multiplex (8 targets) PCR and hybridization with specific probes that reproduce the previous classification of this organism into 8 genomic groups, and up to 16 genotypes. It allows for a direct characterization from clinical and environmental samples in a single run, which will help in the study of the different genotypes circulating in wild and domestic cycles as well as from sporadic human cases and outbreaks. The method has been validated with reference isolates. A high variability of C. burnetii has been found in Spain among 90 samples tested, detecting 10 different genotypes, being those adaA negative associated with acute Q fever cases presenting as fever of intermediate duration with liver involvement and with chronic cases. Genotypes infecting humans are also found in sheep, goats, rats, wild boar and ticks, and the only genotype found in cattle has never been found among our clinical samples. Conclusions: This newly developed methodology has permitted to demonstrate that C. burnetii is highly variable in Spain. With the data presented here, cattle seem not to participate in the transmission of C. burnetii to humans in the samples studied, while sheep, goats, wild boar, rats and ticks share genotypes with the human population.

Evolución geomorfológica del Macizo Hespérico peninsular:estudio de un sector comprendido entre las provincias de Lugo y Ourense (Galicia, NW de España)

[EN] This paper deals with the relief generation in Ourense, an interior territory of the Galicia Country, at NW Spain, after the breakdown of Pangea 200 million years ago. The rupture of supercontinent causes the main effects in the outer part of Galicia, the present coast line and the shelf, but also the inner parts of Galicia where the landscape changes dramatically mainly ruled by fluvial incision connected with uprising, (orogenic, epirogenic, or isostatic origin), or even with eustatic oscillations, that shaped the previous old mesozoic landscape. Various things complicate the correct understanding of Galician geomorphology:1) the prevalent hercynian structure, (presumably reactivated during the Alpine Orogeny), causes that the epigenic processes, (fluvial, glaciar, marine and etching), acting on Galicia from Mesozoic to present times, produce end forms identified erroneously at the previous literature as tectonic and not as etch forms profiting from lithological or structural contrasts. 2) the common morphotectonic model accepted by all previous researchers establishes for the whole of Galicia a blocky pattern, (horst and graben like), due to extensional tectonic regime. This model is proved as no longer valid because the Galician tertiary basins, even were described at the past as graben depressions never have this origin. 3) big differences exist between the north and western sides of Galicia that show contrasted tectonic regime: compressional (with forms as the so called raised platforms), at the northern coast border, and extensional (with forms so typical as the Rias), at the western side. The study area is located at the confluence of two tectonic domains where the above mentioned effects are coincidents and specially well showed through different effects: prominent assimetry of fluvial captures (west facing), pronounced river incision and different kinds of tertiary basins: either strike slipe faults (Maceda, Xinzo de Limia, etc), or overslipped by inverse faults, (Quiroga, A Rúa, etc.), or even corresponding with depressions never, (or anywise passively), affected by tectonic movements, (Monforte). The paper include a detailed inventory of surfaces and terrace levels and their incision sequence which allow stablish a relative chronology of geomorphic evolution at this area of NW Spain during meso-cainozoic times.

Las terrazas del río Sil en el tramo Carucedo-Os Peares, SE de Galicia

[ES] Se describen los sistemas de terrazas del Río Sil desde el Bierzo hasta la confluencia con el Miño. En este tramo el río se encaja profundamente sobre las principales superficies de erosión del SE gallego (R400, R600, R800, RlOOO y R1200). Junto a los niveles de terraza con depósitos se observa la presencia de superficies terraza y aplanamientos de mayor extensión, siempre asociados al encajamiento fluvial. Se analiza la morfometría y los perfiles longitudinales de la red; así como la distribución de las terrazas y aplanamientos incluidos en el encajamiento. Se reconocen algunos cambios en la evolución de la red simultáneos a la sedimentación de las fosas terciarias (Monforte de Lemos, Quiroga, A Rúa-O Barco). La antigüedad de la red y un descenso generalizado en el nivel de base del Sistema Miño-Sil, podría justificar estos acontecimientos. Sin embargo, existen indicios de cierto control tectónico. Por último se propone un modelo evolutivo del tramo estudiado, para la etapa posterior a la formación del aplanamiento RlOOO.

Cambios en contextos de colonización: opciones económicas y transformaciones tecnológicas en el norte de Mendoza entre los siglos XV y XVII (Rca. Argentina)

[ES]Se analizan los cambios en las opciones económicas y la tecnología cerámica de la población indígena del norte de Mendoza (Centro Oeste Argentino), como consecuencia de la dominación inca y la colonia europea. Con base en la evidencia arqueológica y etnohistórica se reflexiona sobre estas transformaciones a luz del concepto de etnogénesis. Se concluye que los agentes de cambio -nuevos contextos de producción y consumo- influyeron de modo distinto: durante el incario y la colonia se mantuvieron prácticas ancestrales de subsistencia a la vez que se incorporaron nuevas; por el contrario, la producción cerámica cambió drásticamente en cada período de dominación. [EN] This paper analyses the changes in subsistence practices and ceramic technology in the local indigenous population of northern Mendoza (west central Argentina), which resulted from the Inca domination and the European colonization. Based on the archaeological and ethnohistorical evidence, we discuss these changes in relation to the concept of ethnogenesis. We conclude that agents of change -new contexts of production and consumption- affected this differently: during the Inca period and colony, ancestral subsistence practices were preserved, in addition to the new ones; on the contrary, ceramic production drastically changed in each period.