Customs transit in the South American countries

Reseña los antecedentes institucionales del transporte terrestre internacional por carretera en Sudamérica: el tránsito aduanero en los convenios de transporte internacional: el tratamiento del tránsito aduanero en la ALALC; interés de los ministros de obras públicas y de transporte de los países del Cono Sur en el Convenio TIR; otras actividades.

La República Dominicana en 2030: hacia una nación cohesionada

Incluye Bibliografía

Los cambios en los sistemas integrados de transporte masivo en las principales ciudades de América Latina

Incluye Bibliografía

Ciclo económico y programas de compensación social

Incluye Bibliografía

Ciclo económico y programas de compensación social: el caso del sistema Chile Solidario

Incluye Bibliografía

Post-conflict peacebuilding: strategies and lessons from Bosnia and Herzegovina, El Salvador and Sierra Leone

Includes bibliography

Landlocked countries in South America: transport system challenges

Includes bibliography

¿Buses o tranvías para las avenidas de ciudades latinoamericanas?

Una vez, el transporte público en casi todas las principales ciudades de América Latina dependía críticamente de servicios de tranvía, los que se extinguieron hace unos cincuenta años, por una serie de razones. Ahora, especialmente en las ciudades del mundo más desarrollado, regresa el tranvía, en una versión moderna, conocida generalmente como light rail transit. Sin embargo, en América Latina se ha desarrollado un concepto autóctono de servicio urbano de transporte masivo de pasajeros, en la forma de buses de alta capacidad que transitan por vías exclusivas, de una manera integrada con el resto del sistema de transporte público. En general, esta solución latinoamericana puede ser más indicada para las necesidades de la región, por razones de flexibilidad, costos y capacidad.

Measures for controlling traffic congestion

Traffic congestion has become a severe scourge in large cities, in both the industrialized and developing countries. Increasing demand for urban transport and transit has led to longer travel times, and a greater incidence of accidents, environmental problems and deterioration in the quality of life than is considered acceptable for citizens. A multidisciplinary approach is required in order to keep the negative effects of congestion under control and to ensure standards of living remain sustainable. In view of the seriousness of the problem, ECLAC with the support of the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) is carrying out a project to study measures that contribute to traffic control. As part of this project, initiatives regarding the supply of, and the demand for, transport have been examined, and a programme to disseminate information is being conducted.For further information, please contact Mr Alberto Bull .

Scheduled services of tourist trains in Latin America: A growing market

Trains in Latin America and the Caribbean mainly serve as a means of mass transit, bearing passengers along local and suburban routes of cities and transporting freight beyond. Non-urban passenger trains almost disappeared during the last few decades of the twentieth century. In the new emerging markets, however, demand is based on the train itself or the scenery en route rather than a wish to arrive at a given station as in the past. The new tourist trains, which are often well-restored historical engines, are expensive to operate and their special characteristics make it difficult to integrate them with mass transit railway services. However, some may be profitable when run privately and others may have a social justification, based on the boost they can provide to economic development in the often isolated and relatively depressed areas where they tend to operate.

The economic costs associated with landlocked status

Two Latin American republics, Bolivia and Paraguay, lack sovereign access to ocean ports. Their landlocked status effectively forces them to export and import products through borders with neighbouring countries; for this purpose, they frequently use land transport modes which are intrinsically more costly than ocean transport. However, being distant from ocean ports is an attribute not only of landlocked countries; but also of states or provinces, such as Mato Grosso, in Brazil, or Tucumán, in Argentina, which belong to countries with direct access to the sea. If perfect political and economic integration were to be achieved in the region, the distances and topographic accidents between points such as La Paz, Bolivia, and Arica, Chile, or Asunción, Paraguay and Paranaguá, Brazil, would remain unchanged. What would disappear would be the delays at border crossings and their related costs. For the two landlocked countries, border expenses, although significant, are a relatively small fraction of the cost of the land segments of international transport. More important for these countries, are the dependency of infrastructure services and the institutional framework of the transit countries for the transport of their external trade.

Transport: the state of affairs in landlocked developing countries of Latin America, through June 2009

This edition of the FAL Bulletin examines the state of affairs of transport in the Plurinational State of Bolivia and Paraguay, along with their transit countries. The information herein is an update of Bulletin 262 of June 2008.

Latin American Metro and Subway Association (ALAMYS): a 15-year record of serving the citizenry

This issue of the Bulletin introduces the reader to the Latin American Metro and Subway Association (ALAMYS), which throughout its 15-year history has supported a variety of initiatives aimed at improving the quality of services provided by urban mass transit railway systems.At its most recent general assembly, held in Madrid, Spain, in December 2000, ALAMYS set up several technical committees to improve its operational efficiency so that it can progress as an organization and achieve its goals.This article was written by Aurelio Rojo Garrido, arojo@mail.metromadrid.es, current secretary general of ALAMYS and operations manager of Metro de Madrid, S.A.