22 resultados para sweetness
em Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho"
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Special diets are used to mitigate many human diseases. When these diets require changes in carbohydrate content, then sweetness becomes an important characteristic. The range of low-calorie sweeteners available to the food industry is expanding. It is essential to have an exact knowledge of the relative sweetness of various sweeteners in relation to different sucrose concentrations. The objective of this study was to determine the variation on the relative sweetness of aspartame (APM), stevia [Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni] leaf extract (SrB) and the mixture cyclamate/saccharin - two parts of cyclamate and one part of saccharin - (C/S) with the increase in their concentrations, and in neutral and acid pH in equi-sweet concentration to 10% sucrose, using magnitude estimation. Sweetness equivalence of SrB in relation to sucrose concentrations of 20% or higher and of APM and C/S to sucrose concentrations of 40% or higher could not be determined, because a bitter taste predominated. The potency of all sweeteners decreased as the level of sweetner increased. In equi-sweet concentration of sucrose at 10%, with pH 7.0 and pH 3.0, the potency was practically the same for all sweeteners evaluated.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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O extrato de folhas de estévia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) é o único edulcorante utilizado na substituição da sacarose, que pode ser produzido totalmente no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os comportamentos de características temporais dos estímulos doce e amargo da estevia em doçuras equivalentes a soluções de sacarose (DESS) a 3 e 10%. As curvas tempo-intensidade (T-I) para cada substância foram coletadas utilizando-se o programa Sistema de Coleta de Dados Tempo-Intensidade - SCDTI para Windows, onde os provadores registravam com auxílio do mouse a percepção de cada estímulo solicitado em função do tempo, para cada amostra. Os parâmetros das curvas T-I coletados foram: tempo de intensidade máxima (TImax), intensidade máxima (Imax), tempo onde a intensidade máxima começa a declinar (Td), tempo de platô (Platô), área sob a curva (Área) e tempo total de duração do estímulo (Ttot). Os parâmetros Td, Ttot, Área e Platô das curvas T-I para o estímulo doce nos dois níveis de doçura foram significativamente superiores para estévia, enquanto TImax e Imax foram significativamente menores (p£0,05), sendo que as diferenças entre os valores para as duas substâncias foram muito maiores a DESS a 10%. A sacarose não apresentou nenhum registro para o estímulo amargo tanto a 3 como a 10%, enquanto a estévia apresentou curvas T-I características, com intensidade e o tempo total de duração dependente da concentração.
Resumo:
O extrato de folhas de estévia (Stévia rebaudiana Bertoni) é o único edulcorante utilizado na substituição da sacarose, que pode ser produzido totalmente no Brasil. Este trabalho objetivou determinar o comportamento de características temporais dos estímulos doce e amargo do extrato de estévia em doçuras equivalentes a soluções de sacarose (DESS) a 3 e 10%. As curvas tempo-intensidade (T-I) para cada substância foram coletadas utilizando-se o programa Sistema de Coleta de Dados Tempo-Intensidade - SCDTI para Windows, onde os provadores registravam com auxílio do mouse a percepção de cada estímulo solicitado em função do tempo, para cada amostra. Os parâmetros das curvas T-I determinados foram: tempo de intensidade máxima (TImax), intensidade máxima (Imax), tempo onde a intensidade máxima começa a declinar (Td), tempo de platô (Platô), área sob a curva (Área) e tempo total de duração do estímulo (Ttot). Os parâmetros Td, Ttot, Área e Platô das curvas T-I para o estímulo doce nos dois níveis de doçura significativamente foram superiores para o extrato de estévia, enquanto TImax e Imax foram significativamente menores (p£ 0,05). As diferenças entre os valores de sacarose e extrato de estévia foram muito maiores a DESS a 10%. A sacarose não apresentou nenhum registro para o estímulo amargo tanto a 3 como a 10%, enquanto a estévia apresentou curvas T-I características, com intensidade e o tempo total de duração dependente da concentração.
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The chemical and biochemical composition of mango, varies according to the cultivation conditions, variety and maturation state, generally containing a high level of ascorbic acid. In order to establish the correlation between the activity of the ascorbate oxidase [E.C.1.10.3.3], and ascorbic acid level in the ripening process of the Haden mango (Mangífera índica L.), sample of the fruits related to hard green stage (zero), 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 days stored at 20 ± 2oC, were tested. The samples were obtained by cutting small cubes of 8 cm3 from pulps of 8 mangoes with texture without significant difference (p£0.05) at Magness-Taylor pressure tester scale. In each sample the activity of ascorbate oxidase was followed, in order to check its participation in possible substrate losses during the ripening fruits. The ascorbic acid level and sensory profile also was determined periodically during the ripening period. The enzymatic activity was spectrophotometrically determined at 245 nm and 30oC. The ascorbic acid was analyzed according modified AOAC methodology, and sensory analysis by descriptive quantitative analysis. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's test, principal component analysis and stepwise discriminant analysis. During the ripening, the ascorbate oxidase activity increased (from 0 to 5.0 x 10-1 U/ml) and the ascorbic acid level decreased (from 209.3 mg to 110.0 mg per 100g of pulp), showing a significant (p£0.05) inverse linear correlation (r=-0.98). The descriptors terms for mangoes were: characteristic flavor, characteristic aroma, sourness, astringency, yellow coloration of pulp, sweetness and succulence. The sensory profile presented significant improvement during ripening. All sensory attributes increased significantly (p£0.05) except sourness and astringency, wich decreased during the ripening of mangoes.
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Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films from a ruthenium complex, mer-[RuCl3(dppb)(py)] (dppb = PPh2(CH2)(4)PPh2; py = pyridine) (Rupy), and from mixtures with varied amounts of polyaniline (PANi) were fabricated. Molecular-level interactions between the two components are investigated by surface potential, dc conductivity and Raman spectroscopy measurements, particularly for the mixed film with 10% of Rupy. For the latter, the better miscibility led to an interaction with Rupy inducing a decrease in the conducting state of PANi, as observed in the Raman spectra and conductivity measurement. The interaction causes the final film properties to depend on the concentration of Rupy, and this was exploited to produce a sensor array made up of sensing units consisting of 11-layer LB films from pure PANi, pure Rupy and mixtures with 10 and 30% of Rupy. It is shown that the combination of only four non-specific sensing units allows one to distinguish the basic tastes detected by biological systems, viz. saltiness, sweetness, sourness and bitterness, at the muM level. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos - IBILCE
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos - IBILCE
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Papaya is a fruit whose pulp has attractive sensory, chemical and digestive characteristics, with high production in the country. Nevertheless, the nectar of this fruit is not widespread in the market. Thus, this study aimed to develop nectars of papaya with different sugar contents to adjust the sweetness to sugar ideal for this product. Four formulations of nectar of papaya were prepared with the same proportions of pulp and water, and sugar concentrations at 6, 8, 10 and 12%. One hundred untrained panelists participated to the affective test of acceptance by the just-about-right scale with nine categories, ranging from extremely less sweet than ideal to extremely sweeter than ideal. There was an increase in the percentage for the ideal sweetness as sugar concentration increased from 6 to 12%. There was also verified a predominance in the frequency of responses for the categories less sweet than ideal to nectar of papaya with 6% sugar and for the categories sweeter than ideal to nectar of papaya with 12% sugar. The sugar concentration must be 10.4% to obtain nectar papaya with ideal sweetness.