Migration of Tinuvin P, a UV stabilizer, from PET bottles into fatty-food simulants

Tinuvin P migration from Polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) bottles was investigated using several fatty-food simulants such as olive oil, soybean oil, n-heptane and iso-octane, at exposure conditions of 2-10 days at 40 degrees C (total immersion). The stability of several UV stabilizers (BHT, Cyasorb UV 5411, Tinuvin P, Tinuvin 326 and Tinuvin 327) in n-heptane and iso-octane was also studied. After 10 days at 40 degrees C, losses of 6% and 20% in iso-octane and n-heptane respectively, were verified for Tinuvin P. Other UV stabilizers at the same experimental conditions showed higher losses (up to 30% for Tinuvin 327). These results confirm that, when carrying out specific migration studies, the stability of the substance of interest should be established in the food simulant to avoid underestimating the real migration behaviour. In order to quantify UV stabilizer migration, n-heptane and iso-octane solutions were concentrated and directly analysed by SIM mode GC-MS. For olive and soybean oils, Tinuvin P was isolated using size-exclusion chromatography and quantified by SIM mode GC-MS. Iso-octane proved to be a move suitable fatty-food simulant than n-heptane for the migration study of Tinuvin P from PET. Higher levels of Tinuvin P migrated to olive and soybean oils rather than to n-heptane. These results suggest that the MERCOSUL recommended official methods for specific migration studies should be revised since the migration levels using n-heptane as a fatty-food simulant could be underestimated when compared to edible oils. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Por uma etnografia feminista das migrações internacionais: dos estudos de aculturação para os estudos de gênero

Este artigo se propõe a fazer um balanço de uma das primeiras pesquisas etnográficas realizadas no Brasil sobre imigração, fundamentada na teoria da aculturação, com o intuito de verificar qual a contribuição desse tipo de pesquisa para o crescimento de uma etnografia feminista, que tem gênero como categoria central de seus trabalhos. Referimo-nos ao livro Italianos no mundo rural paulista, de João Baptista Borges Pereira. Através da análise dessa obra, discutiremos a viabilidade teórico-metodológica do emprego da categoria gênero, buscando contribuir para o enriquecimento da etnografia feminista nos estudos migratórios internacionais.

Caracterização da população portadora de tuberculose do município de Américo Brasiliense/SP, no período de 1992 a 2002

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem all over the world, which was recognized by the WHO in 1993 as a global emergency because of its very high incidence in the 22 countries that concentrate 80% of TB cases. One of these countries is Brazil, where TB occurrences are well-documented in major cities, but little is known of its spread in rural areas and small towns. Therefore, an epidemiological study was done on medical records of TB sufferers in the rural district and small town of Américo Brasiliense, São Paulo state, from 1992 to 2002, with the aim of improving TB prevention and treatment. The results showed that the incidence of TB peaked in the years of intense migration of rural workers, largely cane-cutters. Among these, the disease attacks mainly the men, in their productive years (20 to 40 years old). The predominant clinical form observed was pulmonary tuberculosis. The treatment abandonment rate was less than 1.8%, while the cure rate was around 90%. The disease detection rate by examination of sputum for acid-fast bacilli was around 60%.

Synthesis, cytotoxic activity and DNA interaction of Pd(II) complexes bearing N′-methyl-3,5-dimethyl-1-thiocarbamoylpyrazole

A new series of complexes of general formulae [PdX2(tmdmPz)] {X = Cl (1), Br (2), I (3), SCN (4); tmdmPz = N′-methyl-3,5-dimethyl-1- thiocarbamoylpyrazole} have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivities, IR, 1H and 13C{ 1H} NMR spectroscopy. In these complexes, the tmdmPz coordinates to Pd(II) center as a neutral N,S-chelating ligand. The geometries of the complexes have been optimized with the DFT method. Cytotoxicity evaluation against LM3 (mammary adenocarcinoma) and LP07 (lung adenocarcinoma) cell lines indicated that complexes 1-4 were more active than cisplatin. The binding of the complexes with a purine base (guanosine) was investigated by 1H NMR and mass spectrometry, showing that the coordination of guanosine occurs through N7. Electrophoretic DNA migration studies showed that all of them modify the DNA tertiary structure. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Identificação de áreas sujeitas a processos erosivos na área urbana do município de Aparecida, SP

Historically, in Brazil, the process of urbanization and city growth was due to the intense migration of rural population to urban areas, especially in the last thirty years. This move, combined with a lack of planning, allowed the occupation of areas with potential for occurrences of erosion. The city of Aparecida, SP can be cited as an example of this process. These irregular occupations generate large material damage and human losses conditioned on mass movement of soil, resulting from the development of erosive processes. So, it is of great importance to physical characterization and identification of these areas within the same city map as a way to minimize the effects and mitigate the consequences of events. Thus, this work presents a series of graduate field campaigns, geotechnical laboratory testing and consultation with representative maps of the physical environment, as a means conclusive for delimintation of areas with potential risk for the occurrence of erosion, especially in areas undergoing urban expansion of the city Aparecida, SP. These areas were determined some geotechnical properties of soils present, evaluating the potential erodibility of them. Also presented are the descriptions of the main characteristics of these areas identified as being at risk, along with proposals to avoid or minimize the impact of problems related to erosion processes on the local population

A precarização do trabalho: migrantes nordestinos no município de Leme-SP : caminhos, estradas e sonhos

This paper aims to examine the genesis of migration to the city of Leme-SP, as well as the influence of the social matrix northeastern expansion and redevelopment through the territorialization of the migrant population, particularly workers from the state of Ceará, migration from the 1970s. This process is evidenced by the territorial division of labor, through the economic, political and cultural insecurity through the work of cutting sugar cane, the territoriality of culture and northeastern faith in the city, and becomes another object before the materiality in which occurs. In this aspect, through dialogue between the sciences and arts, it was possible to show the historical importance of the phenomenon of migration in the country, in different scales and relationship that encompasses everything and everyone

Levantamento e classificação de resíduos de construção e demolição em Ilha Solteira-SP

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS

Clinical, cytogenetic and toxicological studies in rural workers exposed to pesticides in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

Pesticidas podem causar mutações gênicas e aberrações cromossômicas em indivíduos expostos. Investigamos 24 trabalhadores expostos a pesticidas, nos quais foram executados exames clínicos e testes citogenéticos e toxicológicos. Dez indivíduos não expostos foram usados como controles. Dosagem toxicológica de cobre, zinco e manganês (metais encontrados em alguns pesticidas), dosagem de enzimas hepáticas (GOT, GPT, AP) e atividade de acetilcolinesterase foram executadas em 16 trabalhadores e oito controles. Nos trabalhadores expostos, os sintomas clínicos mais pertinentes foram digestão pobre, com sensação de plenitude após alimentação, olhos irritados, enxaqueca e fasciculações. O grupo exposto mostrou dosagem de manganês e atividade de acetilcolinesterase significativamente mais baixas, e nível significativamente mais alto de fosfatase alcalina. Estudos citogenéticos mostraram freqüências de aberrações cromossômicas significativamente mais altas no grupo exposto quando comparado ao grupo de controle. Embora usassem vestuário protetor contra névoa de pesticidas, o qual incluía calças de borracha, botas, luvas, máscara e chapéu, os resultados clínicos revelaram que os trabalhadores foram contaminados. Concluímos que estudos citogenéticos, toxicológicos, juntamente com exames clínicos, são importantes no controle da saúde do trabalhador, mesmo em condições de proteção.

Rural-urban migration in D-dimensional lattices

The rural-urban migration phenomenon is analyzed by using an agent-based computational model. Agents are placed on lattices which dimensions varying from d = 2 up to d = 7. The localization of the agents in the lattice defines that their social neighborhood (rural or urban) is not related to their spatial distribution. The effect of the dimension of lattice is studied by analyzing the variation of the main parameters that characterizes the migratory process. The dynamics displays strong effects even for around one million of sites, in higher dimensions (d = 6, 7).

Agent-based model to rural-urban migration analysis

In this paper, we analyze the rural-urban migration phenomenon as it is usually observed in economies which are in the early stages of industrialization. The analysis is conducted by means of a statistical mechanics approach which builds a computational agent-based model. Agents are placed on a lattice and the connections among them are described via an Ising-like model. Simulations on this computational model show some emergent properties that are common in developing economies, such as a transitional dynamics characterized by continuous growth of urban population, followed by the equalization of expected wages between rural and urban sectors (Harris-Todaro equilibrium condition), urban concentration and increasing of per capita income. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A Harris-Todaro agent-based model to rural-urban migration

The Harris-Todaro model of the rural-urban migration process is revisited under an agent-based approach. The migration of the workers is interpreted as a process of social learning by imitation, formalized by a computational model. By simulating this model, we observe a transitional dynamics with continuous growth of the urban fraction of overall population toward an equilibrium. Such an equilibrium is characterized by stabilization of rural-urban expected wages differential (generalized Harris-Todaro equilibrium condition), urban concentration and urban unemployment. These classic results obtained originally by Harris and Todaro are emergent properties of our model.

Integration practices for the technological innovation of products: Case studies at two large technological companies

Studies on innovation and technology management have emphasized the importance of integration between the research and development (R&D) department and others involved with the product development process (PDP) as a relevant practice for the good performance of technological innovation of product activities. This study addresses the topic of transfers of technologies to new product projects and also integration practices between the R&D department and others involved with the PDP. A qualitative study was conducted that was operationalized through two case studies at large high-tech companies: One is Brazilian and the other is a multinational subsidiary in Brazil. Among its main result, this paper represents and analyzes management practices that are favorable to integration in product development projects that demand development and transfer of technologies, such as: participation of R&D personnel in market activities, the adoption of virtual interaction mechanisms, and the application of methods such as technology roadmaps. © Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Facultad de Economía y Negocios.

Zoneamento geoambiental como subsídio aos projetos de reforma agrária. Estudo de caso: assentamento rural Pirituba II (SP)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Integration of R&D and new product development: case studies of Brazilian high-tech firms

One of the aspects that influence good performance of new product development (NPD) at high-tech companies is the integration of research and development (R&D) and the other functions involved with NPD. The objective of this paper is to examine why Brazilian medium and large sized high-tech companies are different with respect to the integration of R&D with NPD. An analysis of case studies was conducted at five Brazilian high-tech firms. Among the results, collectivism, which is characteristic of the Brazilian organisational culture, was seen to manifest itself in companies through the adoption of cross-functional teams; the valorisation of personal relations, which is stimulated by physical proximity; and project managers’ ample participation in different functions involving NPD.