Potencial antioxidante de extratos de sementes de limão (Citrus limon)

The present study aimed at evaluating the behavior of the soybean oil with the addition of lemon seed extracts (Citrus limon), in different concentrations, through oxidative stability and also at measuring the antioxidant activity using the DPPH free radical method and total phenolic compounds. The concentration of 2,400 mg.kg(-1) for the lemon seed extract, galego variety, was the one that provided the soybean oil with the best oxidative stability. The maximum antioxidant activities and the concentration values of the natural extract sufficient to obtain 50% of maximum effect, estimated at 100% (EC(50)), determined by DPPH for the extract and gallic acid were 70.58%, 69.94 mu g.mL(-1) and 75.07%, 64.73 mu g.mL(-1), respectively. The concentration of total phenolic compounds, determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, was of 76 mg.g(-1). Thus, it can be said that the lemon seed extract, galego, presents natural antioxidant action demonstrating potential to be used in foods.

Utilização de extrato de cogumelo como antioxidante natural em óleo vegetal

Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade antioxidante de diferentes extratos de cogumelo Agaricus blazei, bem como a estabilidade oxidativa do óleo de soja adicionado de extrato de cogumelo. O cogumelo seco em estufa a 55ºC e triturado (10 g) fui submetido à extração, à temperatura ambiente, com 100 mL de metanol e metanol:água (1:1) com duração de 6 e 12 horas para ambas as extrações. O extrato de maior atividade antioxidante, conforme o método DPPH, foi aplicado em óleo de soja na concentração de 0,1% de compostos fenólicos totais e, então, submetido ao método do Rancimat e ao teste acelerado em estufa a 60ºC por um período de 16 dias. Amostras de óleo foram retiradas da estufa cada 4 dias e analisadas quanto ao índice de peróxidos e dienos conjugados. Como parâmetros de comparação, foram utilizados os antioxidantes sintéticos BHT (100 mg/kg), TBHQ (50 mg/kg) e o óleo de soja isento de antioxidantes (controle). Os resultados demonstraram que o extrato metanólico:aquoso, com 6 horas de extração, apresentou maior atividade antioxidante. A aplicação desse extrato em óleo de soja proporcionou a seguinte ordem em relação à estabilidade oxidativa: TBHQ > extrato de cogumelo > BHT = óleo de soja (controle). O extrato de cogumelo também foi eficiente em relação à formação de peróxidos e dienos conjugados que, apesar de aumentarem ao longo do tempo, foi menor que o BHT, porém maior que o TBHQ. O extrato de cogumelo apresentou-se efetivo na proteção do óleo, podendo ser considerado um potencial antioxidante natural.

Efeito da aplicação da menbrana de látex natural e do extrato da pele de rã (Lithobates catesbiana) (Shaw, 1802), em feridas cirurgicas em Ratos Wistar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Liberação de componentes do extrato de Casearia sylvestris Swartz empregando membranas de látex natural como suporte

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Eficácia do paration metílico e do extrato aquoso de folhas secas de nim no controle de anacanthorus penilabiatus (monogenoidea) em pacu (piaractus mesopotamicus)

This work determined the efficacy of the insecticide methyl parathion and the natural pesticide azadirachtin present in the aqueous extract of dry neem leaves (AEDNL) to Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenoidea) control in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). The efficacy of methyl parathion was evaluated in an experiment consisting of six treatments (0.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0 mg methyl parathion/L water) and five exposure times (2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h). The efficacy of azadirachtin present in AEDNL was assessed in an experiment consisting of seven treatments (0,0; 25; 50; 75; 100; 125; e 150 mL/L water) and five exposure times (24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h). The efficacy of methyl parathion increased with increasing concentration and exposure time. The highest control efficacy was obtained with a concentration of 7 mg methyl parathion/L at all exposure times. In this treatment, the highest efficacies were observed at 16 and 24 h of exposure, with a control rate of 96.2 and 97.0%, respectively. For the AEDNL, the highest control efficacy (89.2%) was obtained with a concentration of 2.9 mg/L after 120 h of exposure. The efficacy in the treatments employing 1.47 and 1.18 mg/L was 83.9 and 82.5%, respectively, after 120 h of exposure. Methyl parathion presented a higher efficacy in the control of A. penilabiatus than the AEDNL. The AEDNL was moderately effective in the control of the parasite.

Avaliação de clones de borracha natural crua por ensaios padrão e análise dinâmico-mecânica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação das atividades antioxidante, anti e pró-hemolítica do extrato etanólico das folhas de Pterogyne nitens Tul. (Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Pomada orgânica natural ou solução salina isotônica no tratamento de feridas limpas induzidas em ratos

Foram utilizados 40 ratos Wistar, machos, com peso inicial médio de 225 gramas, separados em dois grupos. Após serem anestesiados com éter, foi induzida uma ferida limpa na região torácica dorsal cranial, mediante a utilização de molde metálico de 2,0 x 1,5cm. No grupo I, foi utilizada pomada contendo óleo de fígado de bacalhau, extrato de confrei, extrato cítrico, óxido de zinco e veículo (Creamex®); no grupo II, a ferida foi apenas limpa com solução salina isotônica. Para a avaliação histológica, foram submetidos à eutanásia cinco animais de cada grupo no 3º, 7º, 14º e 21º dia de pós-operatório. O grupo tratado com a pomada orgânica apresentou padrão cicatricial de qualidade superior em relação ao grupo tratado com salina isotônica, representado por formação de fibras colágenas, neoformação de vasos e reepitelização completa da epiderme.

Efeito alelopático do extrato aquoso de folhas de girassol sobre a germinação de soja e picão-preto

The aim of this work was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of water extract from sunflower fresh leaves on the germination and initial development of conventional and transgenic soybean cultivars, and of the invasive hairy beggartick (Bidens pilosa L.). Experiments were carried out at Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, in 2007. Fresh leaves from sunflower were ground in a blender at the proportion 200g/1L distilled water, resulting in crude extract (100%), in which pH was measured. Dilutions of 80%, 60%, 40% and 20% were done from the crude extract, and only distilled water was used as control. Statistical analysis (Tukey 5% probability) indicated that only the highest extract concentrations (60%, 80% and 100%) influenced the analyzed parameters for conventional and transgenic soybean. Beggartick seeds, however, had germination percentage completely inhibited when 40% water extract was applied, which indicates that sunflower straw could be used as a natural herbicide. Nevertheless, field studies must be carried out to prove such effect.

Avaliação do extrato de Momordica charantia em Salmonella typhimurium: Mutagenicidade e antimutagenicidade

In the last years some natural products has been described as supressors of the mutagenic process in bacteria, the antimutagenics. The literature reference that in most of the countries, the population makes use of medicinal plants. The plant Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) is original from Africa being used popularly as purgative, antirheumatic and for skin problems, burns and hemorrhoids. The present work had as objective to evaluate the mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of the ethanolic extract of M. charantia in Salmonella/microsome assays using TA100, TA98 and TA102 strains. It was verified that the extract did not present mutagenic activity when evaluated in different concentrations (0.64, 1.27, 2.55 and 3.84 mg/plate) but acted as antimutagenic agent against the mutations induced by the sodium azide (TA100,-S9), 4-nitro-phenylenediamine (TA98, -S9), daunomycin (TA102, +S9) 2-anthramine (TA100 and TA98, +S9) and 2-aminofluorene (TA102, +S9). When the metabolic activation (+S9) was used, the percentage of inhibition of the mutagenicity varied in the range of 31%-96%, while in absence of metabolizing system (-S9), the maximum percentage of inhibition of the mutagenicity was 44%. In that way, we can conclude that the metabolites found in the extract has potential to protect the genetic material against the damages induced by different chemical agents.

Avaliação bioquímica do extrato etanólico de própolis em ratos

Propolis is a natural product collected by honey bees containing, among other biochemical constituents, a variety of flavonoids. Propolis is a folk medicinal employed for treating various diseases. It is alleged to exhibit a broad spectrum of bioactivities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) of species Plebeia droryana and Scaptotrigonea bipunctata through biochemical parameters. Rats were divided into 4 groups: (G1) untreated; (G2) ethanol treated; (G3) treated EEP of Plebeia droryana; (G4) treated of Scaptotrigonea bipunctata. The EEP (100 mg/kg b. w., daily) was administered orally to the animals, for 30 days. Treatment with EEP for two species showed reduction (p<0,05) in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartato aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity, compared to control ethanol values. The administration of EEP lowered significantly the serum levels of cholesterol (G3= 48,83±5,7 mg/dL; G4=56,91±6,5 mg/dL) and triacylglycerol (G3=45,17±4,16 mg/dL; G4=46,74± 3,90 mg/dL). The serum concentration of albumin (G3=4,16±0,6 g/dL; G4= 3,61±0,36 g/dL) increased (p<0,05) after the administration of EEP, however, it did not affect total protein and glucose concentration. The data suggest that EEP of two species caused alterations of the biochemical parameters.

Toxicidade aguda do sulfato de cobre e do extrato aquoso de folhas secas de nim para o caramujo (Pomacea canaliculata)

Snails can become an environmental and economic problem, causing substantial losses. The objective of this work was to estimate the acute toxicity of copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) and the aqueous extract of dried neem leaves on snails (P. canaliculata) under laboratory conditions. In order to estimate the lethal concentration 50% (LC (I)50;96h), snails were exposed to six increasing copper sulfate concentrations (0.0; 0.01; 0.03; 0.05; 0.07 and 0.1 mg L-1) and six increasing concentrations of aqueous extract of dried neem leaves 0.0; 100; 125; 150; 175 and 200 mL aqueous extract of dried neem leaves L-1 water, equivalent to (0.0; 1.18; 1.47; 1.77; 2.06 and 2.36 mg azadirachtin L -1), in triplicate and one control treatment in an entirely random delineation. Estimated LC (I)50;96h, of copper sulfate was 0.02 mg copper sulfate L-1, with a 0.01 mg L-1 lower limit and a 0.03 mg L-1 upper limit. Estimated lethal concentration 50% of the aqueous extract of dried neem leaves was 142.75 mL L-1, equivalent to 1.68 mg L-1 of azadirachtine, with a 130.89 mL L-1 (1.54 mg L-1) low limit and 155.69 mL L-1 (1.83 mg L -1) as the upper limit.

Avaliação do potencial antimutagênico de extrato etanólico de própolis verde e de Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae), por meio de sistema-teste de Allium e células de mamíferos (HTC)

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Celular e Molecular) - IBRC

Desenvolvimento de uma sobremesa probiótica mista de tofu e extrato hidrossolúvel de soja fermentado

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Produção de exopolissacarídeos por Lactobacillus helveticus autócne isoldao de soro-fermento natural

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)