eIF5A has a function in the elongation step of translation in yeast

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Working with undergraduate students of Translation with a genre-based approach

Research articles in national and international journals provide abstracts usually written in English. This paper discusses the importance of working with this sub-genre with future researchers and translators during their university years. Two concepts of genre are presented (SWALES, 1990; BATHIA, 1993), as well as an approach on how to introduce academic genre to undergraduate students. After applying this approach to a mini-course about academic writing, we have noted that translation students have been more attentive to the way they deal with texts based on communicative purposes, tasks, target readers and language.

A simplificação como traço de um habitus tradutório para a Antropologia Brasileira em língua inglesa: um estudo baseado no corpus da oba O Povo Brasileiro de Darcy Ribeiro

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the social and linguistic behaviors of a translator, analyzing the use of simplification aspects in the translational process into English of the Anthropology developed by Darcy Ribeiro. With this aim, we used a parallel corpus composed by the work O povo brasileiro (1995) and by its respective translation, performed by Rabassa. The methodology used is that of Corpus-Based Translation Studies (BAKER, 1993, 1995, 1996; CAMARGO, 2005, 2007), Corpus Linguistics (BERBER SARDINHA, 2004) and Terminology (BARROS, 2004). We also adopted Sociology of Translation theories (SIMEONI, 1998, 2007; GOUANVIC,1999, 2005), as well as the habitus conception, proposed by Bourdieu (1980). Results show that this simplification may be found in Ribeiro’s translated texts, indicating the difficulties of conceptualizing the Brazilian universe in English

A explicitação como traço de um habitus tradutório para brasileirismos terminológicos em língua inglesa: um estudo baseado no corpus da obra O Povo Brasileiro, de Darcy Ribeiro

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the social and linguistic behaviors (the habitus) of a translator in face of cultural barriers in translation, analyzing the use of explicitation aspects in the translational process into English of the terminological Brazilianisms developed by Darcy Ribeiro. With this aim, we used a parallel corpus composed by the work O povo brasileiro (1995) and by its respective translation, performed by Rabassa. The methodology used is that of Corpus-Based Translation Studies (BAKER, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2000; CAMARGO, 2005, 2007), Corpus Linguistics (BERBER SARDINHA, 2004) and Terminology (BARROS, 2004). For data analysis, we adopted Sociology of Translation theories (SIMEONI, 1998, 2007; GOUANVIC, 1995, 1999), as well as the habitus conception, proposed by the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu (1980). We believe that, as pointed by Baker`s theories (1996), explicitation is a translator`s tendency or procedure, which explains, in the translated text, parts of the original text that have been left implicit by the author. Results show that this action may be found in Ribeiro’s translated texts, indicating the difficult of conceptualizing the Brazilian universe in English.

Conserved sequences in the β subunit of archaeal and eukaryal translation initiation factor 2 (elF2), absent from elF5, mediate interaction with elF2γ

The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) binds the methionyl-initiator tRNA in a GTP-dependent mode. This complex associates with the 40 S ribosomal particle, which then, with the aid of other factors, binds to the 5' end of the mRNA and migrates to the first AUG codon, where eIF5 promotes GTP hydrolysis, followed by the formation of the 80 S ribosome. Here we provide a comparative sequence analysis of the β subunit of eIF2 and its archaeal counterpart (aIF2β). aIF2β differs from eIF2β in not possessing an N-terminal extension implicated in binding RNA, eIF5 and eIF2B. The remaining sequences are highly conserved, and are shared with eIF5. Previously isolated mutations in the yeast eIF2β, which allow initiation of translation at UUG codons due to the uncovering of an intrinsic GTPase activity in eIF2, involve residues that are conserved in aIF2β, but not in eIF5. We show that the sequence of eIF2B homologous to aIF2β is sufficient for binding eIF2γ, the only subunit with which it interacts, and comprises, at the most, 78 residues, eIF5 does not interact with eIF2γ, despite its similarity with eIF2β, probably because of a gap in homology in this region. These observations have implications for the evolution of the mechanism of translation initiation.

Leucine-rich diet alters the eukaryotic translation initiation factors expression in skeletal muscle of tumour-bearing rats

Background: Cancer-cachexia induces a variety of metabolic disorders on protein turnorver, decreasing protein synthesis and increasing protein degradation. Controversly, insulin, other hormones, and branched-chain amino acids, especially leucine, stimulate protein synthesis and modulate the activity of translation initiation factors involved in protein synthesis. Since the tumour effects are more pronounced when associated with pregnancy, ehancing muscle-wasting proteolysis, in this study, the influence of a leucine-rich diet on the protein synthesis caused by cancer were investigated. Methods: Pregnant rats with or without Walker 256 tumour were distributed into six groups. During 20 days of experiment, three groups were fed with a control diet: C - pregnant control, W - tumour-bearing, and P - pair-fed, which received the same amount of food as ingested by the W group; three other groups of pregnant rats were fed a leucine-rich diet: L - pregnant leucine, WL - tumour-bearing, and PL - pair-fed, which received the same amount of food as ingested by the WL group. Results: The gastrocnemius muscle of WL rats showed increased incorporation of leucine in protein compared to W rats; the leucine-rich diet also prevented the decrease in plasma insulin normally seen in W. The expression of translation initiation factors increased when tumour-bearing rats fed leucine-rich diet, with increase of ∼35% for eIF2α and eIF5, ∼17% for eIF4E and 20% for eIF4G; the expression of protein kinase S6K1 and protein kinase C was also highly enhanced. Conclusion: The results suggest that a leucine-rich diet increased the protein synthesis in skeletal muscle in tumour-bearing rats possibly through the activation of eIF factors and/or the S6kinase pathway. © 2007 Ventrucci et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

The Role of the (In)visible and the Secret in the Translation of Harryette Mullen s Muse & Drudge

This paper, based on Jacques Derrida’s thoughts in Des Tours of Babel, addresses the issue regarding the (in)visible in translation, by arguing that the latter, beyond the traditional conception of communication, produces a complex set of relations between the visible and the invisible, which highlights the values of the non-dit and the secret that take place in their relation to interpretation. This line of thought underpins the discussion of my translation of two poems from Muse & Drudge (1995), by the African-American poet Harryette Mullen, whose dense poetry displays un(expected) possibilities of meanings and associations that proliferate in translation. It is argued that every act of translation entails a relationship between that which is translated (and made visible or intelligible through this act) and that which remains invisible and secret by resisting a definitive translation, which, as such, requires further interpretations in search for intelligibility (or “visibility”). We analyze the extent to which such relation between the visible and the invisible takes part in the translation of the notion of blackness raised by Mullen’s poems and how her translated poetry dialogues with issues of reception in Brazilian culture.

eIF5A binds to translational machinery components and affects translation in yeast

The putative translation factor eIF5A is essential for cell viability and is highly conserved from archebacteria to mammals. Although this protein was originally identified as a translation initiation factor, subsequent experiments did not support a role for eIF5A in general translation. In this work, we demonstrate that eIF-5A interacts with structural components of the 80S ribosome, as well as with the translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2). Moreover, eIF5A is further shown to cofractionate with monosomes in a translation-dependent manner. Finally, eIF5A mutants show altered polysome profiles and are sensitive to translation inhibitors. Our results re-establish a function for eIF5A in translation and suggest a role for this factor in translation elongation instead of translation initiation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Deoxyhypusine Synthase Mutant dys1-1 Reveals the Association of eIF5A and Asc1 with Cell Wall Integrity

The putative eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) is a highly conserved protein among archaea and eukaryotes that has recently been implicated in the elongation step of translation. eIF5A undergoes an essential and conserved posttranslational modification at a specific lysine to generate the residue hypusine. The enzymes deoxyhypusine synthase (Dys1) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (Lia1) catalyze this two-step modification process. Although several Saccharomyces cerevisiae eIF5A mutants have importantly contributed to the study of eIF5A function, no conditional mutant of Dys1 has been described so far. In this study, we generated and characterized the dys1-1 mutant, which showed a strong depletion of mutated Dys1 protein, resulting in more than 2-fold decrease in hypusine levels relative to the wild type. The dys1-1 mutant demonstrated a defect in total protein synthesis, a defect in polysome profile indicative of a translation elongation defect and a reduced association of eIF5A with polysomes. The growth phenotype of dys1-1 mutant is severe, growing only in the presence of 1 M sorbitol, an osmotic stabilizer. Although this phenotype is characteristic of Pkc1 cell wall integrity mutants, the sorbitol requirement from dys1-1 is not associated with cell lysis. We observed that the dys1-1 genetically interacts with the sole yeast protein kinase C (Pkc1) and Asc1, a component of the 40S ribosomal subunit. The dys1-1 mutant was synthetically lethal in combination with asc1Δ and overexpression of TIF51A (eIF5A) or DYS1 is toxic for an asc1Δ strain. Moreover, eIF5A is more associated with translating ribosomes in the absence of Asc1 in the cell. Finally, analysis of the sensitivity to cell wall-perturbing compounds revealed a more similar behavior of the dys1-1 and asc1Δ mutants in comparison with the pkc1Δ mutant. These data suggest a correlated role for eIF5A and Asc1 in coordinating the translational control of a subset of mRNAs associated with cell integrity. © 2013 Galvão et al.

The red badge of courage: uma análise descritiva de suas traduções no Brasil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Cross-cultural adaptation of Preschool Language Assessment Instrument: Second Edition

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O modelo pedagógico das competências: gênese e apropriação na reforma da década de 1990

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Contribuições das reflexões do Círculo de Bakhtin para o estudo e prática da tradução: uma análise do datiloscrito de Clarice Lispector da peça The member of the wedding

Pós-graduação em Linguística e Língua Portuguesa - FCLAR