Resposta nutricional do porta-enxerto delimoeiro 'citrumelo' à aplicacão de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio

The effect of the application of three doses N, P and K on substrates on the nutritional status of root stock of 'Citrumelo' lemon (Citrus paradisi x Poncirus trifoliata) was evaluated. The experiment followed a fully randomized factorial design (3x3) (three nutrients x three doses plus a control) with three replicates. The treatments consisted of D1 = half standard dose, D2 = one standard dose and D3 = twice standard dose, in addition to the control that did not received fertilization at all. At four months after the emergence of the root stock of lemon 'Citrumelo' the plants tissue (leaves) were determined for nutrients analysis to obtain its accumulation. The results showed that plants of lemon 'Citrumelo' 'Swingle' are responsive to the application of N, P and K. The application of nitrogen showed a linear accumulation pattern of N and K, while the applications of phosphorus and potassium provided a quadratic response.

Modos de aplicação de zinco na nutricão e na produção de massa seca de plantas de trigo

Zinc application methods can affect the nutrition and the initial development of the wheat. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze the different ways of Zn application in the soil, on nutrition and on dry matter production. A completely randomized experimental design with four replications was used. The experiment was composed by the following Zn application treatments: control (no zinc application); soil incorporation, furrow located, seeds treatment and leaf pulverization. The experimental unit was composed of a pot filled with 7 L of soil. Morphological traits for each plant were determined on 52 days after emergence by the evaluations of plant height, internodes number, tillers number and aerial part dry matter. Still, the soil and plant chemical analysis was accomplished. The furrow located method provided larger concentrations of the micronutrient available. The zinc application methods did not influence the initial growth of the wheat plants. The zinc concentration in leaves was influenced by the different application methods, being the leaf pulverization the one that was caused the largest zinc accumulation on aerial part dry matter.

Curva de crescimento e marcha de absorção de macronutrientes em três cultivares de amoreira (Morus alba L)

To evaluate the growth and pattern of nutrient absorption (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S amongst others) in three berry cultivars (treatments), four plants by treatment in different phonological stages were harvested. The experiment was arranged in randomized design of factorial 3x5 with three replicates. There cultivars were used FM Shima-Miura, IZ 56/4 and Miura and above ground biomass was harvested in five occasions 45, 60, 75, 90 and 115 days after plantation. It was observed that the accumulation of nutrients presented different pattern and cv. IZ 56/4 was superior compared with PM Shima-Miura for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S and N, P, K and S for Miura. For example, the accumulation of N expressed on mg plant"(1) per berry plant cultivar PM Shima-miura, IZ 56/4 and Miura was respectively 4,21; 8,14 and 5,56, for K 2,71; 5,22 and 2,64 and for Ca 2,47; 4,52 and 3,59.

Sewage sludge levels on the development and nutrition of sunflower plants

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of substituting chemical nitrogen (N) fertilization for equivalent N levels from sewage sludge of Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP) on sunflower plant development. Nutrient levels in physiologically mature leaves and seeds, besides nutrient exportation during a 130-day assay, were also assessed. The experiment was carried out in 100 m(2) permanent plots at Sao Manuel Farm, which belongs to School of Agronomical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botncatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. The farm is located in the municipality of Sao Manuel, São Paulo State. Experimental design was in randomized blocks including 5 treatments and 5 replicates. Treatments were: T1 - chemical N fertilization according to the recommendation for the culture; T2 - 50% N from sewage sludge and 50% N from chemical fertilization; T3 - 100% N from sewage sludge; T4 - 150% N from sewage sludge; T5 - 200% N from sewage sludge. For all treatments, equal amounts of P and K fertilization were applied. Treatments differed for plant height from 21 to 64 days, stern diameter from 28 to 57 days, and leaf number from 21 to 38 days. Seed nutrient levels slightly varied; however, the quantities of exported N, P, Mg, Fe and Zn varied as sewage sludge levels increased.

Effect of a novel soy fermented product enriched with isoflavones and calcium on bone tissue of rats.

The objective was to evaluate the effect of soy fermented product intake on the corporal weight and bone tissue of ovariectomized mature rats. This product was fermented with Enterococcusfaecium and Lactobacillus jugurti and enriched with isoflavones and calcium. The animals were divided in 5 groups: sham-ovariectomized; ovariectomized; ovariectomized treated with soy fermented product enriched with isoflavones and calcium; ovariectomized treated with soy fermented product enriched with calcium and ovariectomized treated with nonfermented product enriched only with calcium. In order to evaluate the effect of the tested product on bone tissue (femur and tibia), the following parameters were analyzed: length; mechanical assay of three points; density (Archimedes principle); mineral content; calcium content; measure of the trabecular widths. The corporal weight of group treated with soy fermented product containing isoflavones and calcium showed no statistical difference from sham-ovariectomized group and trabecular widths tended to have larger than ovariectomized group. However, there was no significant difference to the other evaluated parameters in result of the diverse treatments. Thus, soy fermented product enriched with isoflavones and calcium inhibited the increasing of corporal weight caused by ovariectomy and revealed a tendency to trabecular protection after castration.

Efeito da época de adubacão nitrogenada em cobertura na producão e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de ervilha (Pisum sativum L)

An important factor in crop production is the nutrient liberation matching the growth rates, so these combined effects together with plant development can reach the best results. In this work, the times of nitrogen application (topdressing) were tested in the rate of 120 kg ha(-1) of N, applied at 20 (T20), 25 (T25), 30 (T30), 35 (T35) and 40 (T40) days after emergency in eight cultivars of pea (Pisum sativum L) (Maria, Kodama, Mikado, Flavia, Luiza, Amelia, Dileta and Marina). Here, the aim was to evaluate the effect of these treatments on yield and seed quality in Cerrado Region. After harvest, the seeds were submitted to the quality tests (germination tests, electric conductivity and emergency under field conditions). The results showed that the peas crops are not influenced by the N timing application. Amongst the eight cultivars studied, the best productivity were for Mariana, Mikado, Amelia, Maria and Flavia and the lowest yield was for Kodama cultivar. The cultivar Mikado showed the best results for the quality tests.

Calcium intake and its relationship with risk of overweight and obesity in adolescents

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sagital abdominal diameter, but not waist circumference is strongly associated with glycemia, triacilglycerols and HDL-c levels in overweight adults

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Association of dyslipidemia with intakes of fruit and vegetables and the body fat content of adults clinically selected for a lifestyle modification program

To investigate the relationship of dyslipidemia with demographic distribution and patterns of body fat and dietary intakes. From a universe of adults clinically selected for a lifestyle modification program 979 subjects (409 males and 570 females, 52.2 +/- 9.6 years) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Overnight-fasting plasma was assayed (dry chemistry) for triglycerides (TG), total (TC) and HDL fraction of cholesterol given the non-HDL (n-HDL) fraction by the difference. Anthropometric assessment included body weight (kg), height (m), fat (bioelectrical impedance) and waist circumference (WC). Food intake was assessed by the 24-hour recall questionnaire and the food groups evaluated through recommendations from an adapted food pyramid. The chances of dyslipidemia from other variable changes were determined by logistic regression with p < 0.05. Normal values of BMI and WC were protective against all dyslipidemia markers whereas only hypercholesterolemia was influenced by diet (meat intake > 2 servings). Dietary intakes have protective effects against hypertriglyceridemia with whole grains, odds ratio (OR) 0.342 (Cl 95%, 0.154-0.760), fruits >= 3 servings (OR 0.523, 0.290-0.941) and vegetables >= 4 servings (OR 0.360, 0.176-0.735). In general total body and abdominal adiposity influenced all dystipidemia markers while dietary intake of fruits and vegetables protected against triglyceridemia.

Accuracy of sagittal abdominal diameter as predictor of abdominal fat among Brazilian adults: a comparation with waist circumference

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Portuguese version of the patient-generated subjective global assessment

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Nutritional assessment of hospitalized HIV-infected patients by the phase angle z-score measurement

Background: This study analyzed the phase-angle (PA) values of hospitalized HVI-infected patients by comparing them with those reported for a healthy population and investigated their relation with nutritional parameters.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study including 101 hospitalized patients diagnosed with HIV infection and evaluated by bioimpedance, anthropometry and biochemical tests. The phase angle values, weight loss percentage (%WL), body mass index (BMI), arm muscle circumference (AMC), tricipital skinfold (TSF), body fat percentage (%BF) and albumin were considered. In order to compare with values for the healthy population, the PA z-score of the patients under study was calculated. Spearman's correlation and the multiple linear regression model were used to identify nutritional parameters associated with the PA z-score.Results: The patients showed a mean PA z-score of -2.6 +/- 1.5, and only 6.6% of them with a positive value. The PA z-score values correlated with %WL (r = -0.51; p < 0.0001), albumin (r = 0.49; p < 0.0001), BMI (r = 0.58; p < 0.0001), AMC (r = 0.41; p < 0.0001), TSF (r = 0.47; p < 0.001) and %BF (r = 0.48, p < 0.0001). In multiple analysis %WL (p = 0.008), albumin (p = 0.01), AMC (p < 0.0001) and %BF (p = 0.0003) remained associated with the score.Conclusions: Low PA z-score values were observed, suggesting a worse clinical prognosis for the patients. The inclusion of the PA z-score as a nutritional indicator during care provision to HIV-infected patients is recommended. (Nutr Hosp. 2012;27:771-774) DOI:10.3305/nh.2012.27.3.5684

Sources of errors in the quantitative analysis of food carotenoids by HPLC

Several factors render carotenoid determination inherently difficult. Thus, in spite of advances in analytical instrumentation, discrepancies in quantitative results on carotenoids can be encountered in the international literature. A good part of the errors comes from the pre-chromatographic steps such as sampling scheme that does not yield samples representative of the food lots under investigation; sample preparation which does not maintain representativity and guarantee homogeneity of the analytical sample; incomplete extraction; physical losses of carotenoids during the various steps, especially during partition or washing and by adsorption to glass walls of containers; isomerization and oxidation of carotenoids during analysis. on the otherhand, although currently considered the method of choice for carotenoids, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is subject to various sources of errors, such as: incompatibility of the injection solvent and the mobile phase, resulting in distorted or split peaks; erroneous identification; unavailability, impurity and instability of carotenoid standards; quantification of highly overlapping peaks; low recovery from the HPLC column; errors in the preparation of standard solutions and in the calibration procedure; calculation errors. Illustrations of the possible errors in the quantification of carotenoids by HPLC are presented.

Chemical composition and fatty acid profile of rhea (Rhea americana) meat

The purpose of this work was to determine the proximate composition and fatty acid profiles of the Gastrocnemius pars interna intramuscular fat (IMF) of rhea (Rhea americana) thighs. The birds were bred in captivity, fed with balanced feed (Nutriavestruz Crescimento - Purina) and kept in a pen with grass ad lib. The birds of both sexes used in the research weighed 23 kg on average and were aged about twelve (12) months old. They were subjected to hydric diet (12 h) before slaughtering by electric shock. The rhea meat showed an average moisture, protein, ash and total lipid contents of 74.1%, 22.8%, 1.5% and 1.6%, respectively. It was noticed the predominance of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in intramuscular fat (IMF), 42.3% and a high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), 29.7%.. The fatty acids found in higher proportion in rhea IMF were: 18:2n-6 (24.33%), 18: 1n-9 (19.25%),16:0 (13.70%),22: 1n9 (11.40%),18:0 (10.66%),15: 1n-10 (8.62%),24: 1n-9 (2.90%) and 20:4n-6 (1.72%). The PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 ratios were 1.06 and 31.30, respectively. The consumption of rhea meat is a healthy alternative to red meat as it points to a lower susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases caused by the high consumption of fat comparatively to the consumption of meat from most domesticated animals.

Crescimento pulmonar compensatório (CPC): massa corpórea, conteúdo protéico e massa pulmonares em ratos subnutridos trilobectomizados

OBJETIVO:Avaliar o comportamento bioquímico do CPC após trilobectomia no rato adulto jovem subnutrido. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 137 ratos Wistar, machos, subnutridos pela oferta de 33% da ingestão diária normal na fase de adaptação e durante o experimento, distribuídos por sorteio, em 9 grupos experimentais, submetidos a três tratamentos (Controle, Toracotomia, Trilobectomia) e sacrificados em três momentos (7, 30 e 90 dias). Na Trilobectomia foram extirpados os lobos médio, acessório e caudal direitos, que representavam 55% do tecido pulmonar. Estudou-se os seguintes atributos e variáveis: massa corpórea e pulmonar, relação entre massa pulmonar e corpórea e conteúdos protéicos pulmonares. RESULTADOS: No lobo cranial e no pulmão esquerdo, tanto a massa quanto os conteúdos protéicos, nos trilobectomizados, foram maiores em todos os momentos do estudo quando comparados aos demais, sendo este aumento suficiente para compensar a perda dos três lobos. Os conteúdos protéicos do lobo cranial e do pulmão esquerdo, nos trilobectomizados, tiveram o mesmo comportamento da massa pulmonar, mas este aumento não foi suficiente para compensar a perda dos três lobos. CONCLUSÕES: Nos ratos adultos subnutridos trilobectomizados ocorre CPC. A recuperação da massa pulmonar é total, mas o conteúdo protéico pulmonar apesar de aumentar, não chega aos valores dos ratos não trilobectomizados.