Old beagle dogs have lower faecal concentrations of some fermentation products and lower peripheral lymphocyte counts than young adult beagles

The effects of age on microbiota composition, gut fermentation end-product formation and peripheral lymphocyte numbers were compared between old and young adult Beagle dogs fed four kibble diets differing in yeast cell wall contents. The experiment had a double 4 x 4 Latin square design, one with four mature dogs (4 years old) and the other with four old dogs (10 years old), with four replicates (diets) per dog. In each period a 15d adaptation period preceded a 5d total collection of faeces for the digestibility trial. on day 21, fresh faecal samples were collected for the determination of bacterial enumeration, pH, biogenic amine and short-chain fatty acid. Flow cytometry was used for immunophenotypic evaluation. Dogs were fed four kibble diets with similar composition with 0, 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45% of yeast cell wall (as-fed), respectively. Data were evaluated using general linear models of Statistical Analysis Systems statistical software (P<0.05). No evidence of a difference in faecal bacteria counts between ages was found (total aerobes, total anaerobes, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Clostridium and Escherichia coli: P. 0.15). Faecal concentrations of butyrate, histamine, agmatine and spermine were lower (P <= 0.05) and faecal pH was higher (P=0.03) in older dogs than in mature adult dogs, suggesting an alteration in bacterial metabolic activity, or in the rate of intestinal absorption of these compounds. Concentrations of T-lymphocytes, T-cytotoxic lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes were also lower (P <= 0.01) in older dogs than in mature adult dogs. The study confirmed alterations in peripheral lymphocytes and revealed a reduced concentration of some fermentation end products in the colon of old dogs.

Ácidos orgânicos em rações de poedeiras comerciais

Desenvolveu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de ácidos orgânicos adicionados à dieta de aves de postura. Foram utilizadas 75 frangas Isa Brown de 4 meses de idade, divididas em três grupos experimentais (I, II e III) de 25 aves cada e avaliadas por um período de 8 semanas. O grupo I recebeu ração tratada com ácidos orgânicos por quatro semanas, enquanto que o grupo II recebeu ração com ácidos orgânicos por oito semanas, permanecendo o grupo III sem a suplementação de ácidos orgânicos durante todo o período experimental, sendo definido como grupo controle. Ao final do experimento, foram observados dados de produção de ovos, peso das aves, qualidade e peso de ovos. Os resultados demonstraram que a produção de ovos foi melhor nas aves tratadas com o aditivo acidificante (grupos I e II), sendo que os acidificantes também proporcionaram um melhor peso corporal nas aves (P<0,05). A qualidade e o peso dos ovos não foram afetados pela suplementação desses aditivos.

Electrochemical and theoretical evaluation of the interaction between dna and amodiaquine: evidence of the guanine adduct formation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ensino de 2º grau: em busca de uma organização condizente com as novas determinações postas pelo mercado de trabalho

Com o objetivo de compreender o papel e a função fundamental da educação em nível de 2º grau, este artigo tem o intuito de proporcionar ao leitor uma visão dos avanços e possíveis retrocessos acerca do assunto, na discussão que se trava nos meios acadêmicos, buscando fazer uma síntese das idéias correntes sobre o ensino de 2º grau.

Protocol to refine intestinal motility test in mice

We propose a new protocol intended to conform to the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) principle, using animals fasted for 3 h to control intestinal motility, which reduced stress in the animals. In this new protocol, mice are deprived of food for a short time (3 h) and are not killed. The mice are observed until evacuation containing charcoal is observed, and the experimental results are based on the charcoal evacuation time. The present study may aid the formulation of recommendations that can be included in revised guidelines relating to the fasting time of mice. This new concept of an intestinal motility test conforms with respectful science.

Dornase alfa improves the health-related quality of life among Brazilian patients with cystic fibrosis - A one-year prospective study

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measurements provide valuable information about the psychological and social impact of treatment on patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study evaluated the HRQOL of Brazilian patients with CF and assessed the changes in HRQOL domains over 1 year after dornase alfa (Pulmozyme) introduction. Patients and Methods: One hundred fifty-six stable patients with CF and 89 caregivers answered the Portuguese-validated version of the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R) at baseline (T 0), and at 3 (T 1), 6 (T 2), 9 (T 3), and 12 (T 4) months of follow-up. Eighteen patientswere excluded because they did not fulfill the inclusion criteria. The patients were analyzed in two groups: those aged 6-11 years and those aged 14 years and older. ANOVA for observed repeated results and the last observation carried forward (LOCF) method for missing data were used for the statistical analysis. Results: After 1 year of follow-up, there was significant improvement in respiratory symptoms (T 4-T 0=8.1; 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=[2.1;14.0]; effect size (ES)=0.35; P<0.001), Emotional Functioning (T 4-T 0=5.6; 95% CI=[1.1;10.1]; ES=0.31; P<0.05), Social Functioning (T 4-T 0=6.0; 95% CI=[1.3;11.7]; ES=0.31; P<0.05), Body Image (T 4-T 0=11.9; 95% CI=[4.1;19.7]; ES=0.42; P<0.05), and Treatment Burden (T 4-T 0=5.3; 95% CI=[0.3;10.3]; ES=0.24; P<0.05) domains in the younger group. A significant improvement in Role Functioning (T 4-T 0=6.1; 95% CI=[1.1;11.1]; ES=0.40; P<0.05), Body Image (T 4-T 0=12.6; 95% CI=[3.5;21.7]; ES=0.46; P<0.05), and Weight (T 4-T 0=11.7; 95% CI=[1.8;21.6]; ES=0.40; P<0.05) was obtained in the older group. The caregivers' CFQ-R showed improvements in the Digestive Symptoms (T 4-T 0=5.5; 95% CI=[1.5;9.4]; ES=0.30; P<0.05), Respiratory Symptoms (T 4-T 0=7.6; 95% CI=[3.9;11.4]; ES=0.48; P<0.05), and Weight (T 4-T 0=10.1; 95% CI=[1.6;18.6]; ES=0.26; P<0.05) domains. Conclusion: The introduction of dornase alfa improved the HRQL of the patients with CF during the first year of treatment. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Avaliação da liberação de íon fluoreto de cimentos ionoméricos antes e após a recarga e com proteção da superfície

Objective: To evaluate fluoride ion release from two anhydrous glass ionomer cements (GICs) and two resin-modified GICs (RMGICs) before and after recharge with 2% neutral sodium fluoride for 4 min and after surface protection of the Maxxion R GIC with an adhesive system, a cavity varnish and a colorless nail polish. Method: A stainless steel 2x6 mm matrix was used for fabricating 5 specimens of each material, which were immersed in 5 mL of deionized water, renewed every 24 h. Measurements with a potentiometer were performed on days 1, 2, 9 and 17, in the 1st and 2nd phases, and the specimens were buffered with a TISAB III solution. In the 2nd phase, the specimens were subjected to recharge and immersed again in 5 mL of deionized water. In the 3rd phase, the GIC surfaces were protected and readings were made at 5 min, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Tukey's post-hoc and Student's t tests were used for statistical analyses (p<0.05). Results: There was statistically significant difference in the comparison between the 1st and 2nd phases for all materials, except at day 2 for Vidrion R and VitroFil LC. In the 3rd phase, it was observed that for all materials, comparison of the first 5 min with the other times revealed statistically significant differences among the means of fluoride ion release. In the comparison with the other times, both the varnish and the colorless nail polish presented statistically significant difference between 24 and 48 h as well as between 24 and 72 h. Conclusion: The anhydrous GICs were more effective in fluoride ion release and recharge compared with the RMGICs. Maxxion R presented a homogeneous and statistically significant behavior in both phases. All materials for surface protection were efficient and the colorless nail polish had the best behavior.

Evaluation of three sampling methods for the microbiological analysis of broiler carcasses after immersion chilling

Countries have different official programs and implement different sampling methods for the detection of Salmonella on poultry carcasses. In Brazil, a 25-g sample of skin and muscle excision (SME) from the wings, neck, and pericloacal parts is used; in the European Union (EU), a 25-g sample of neck skin (NSE) is used; and, in the United States, the whole carcass is rinsed with 400 ml of diluent (WCR). In the present study, these methods were evaluated to compare Salmonella occurrence and counts of hygiene indicator microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae, and total viable count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria) using different carcasses from the same flock and also using different analytical units taken from the same carcass. Eighty flocks, with four broiler carcasses from each, were included in this study; three broilers were sampled according to protocols from Brazil, the EU, and the United States, and the last one by all three methods. SME, NSE, and WCR provided equivalent results (P > 0.05) for Salmonella detection on broiler carcasses when using different carcasses from the same flock and when using the same carcass. The predominant serovar was Salmonella Enteritidis. For the enumeration of hygiene indicator microorganisms, WRC provided higher counts than SME or NSE (P < 0.05), when using both the same or different carcasses. Therefore, it is possible to directly compare Salmonella results in poultry carcasses when using the methods recommended by the legislative bodies of Brazil, the United States, and the EU. However, WCR provides the best results for hygiene indicator microorganisms. Copyright © International Association for Food Protection.

Avaliação da resistência de união em dentina submetida ao desafio erosivo: adesão ao substrato tratado com CPP-ACP e irradiado ou não com laser Nd:YAG

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O projeto urbanístico em Jaú: a ação política e os desdobramentos sócio-culturais. 1890/1920

Pós-graduação em História - FCLAS

A inclusão de crianças surdas em classe de ensino regular numa escola pública de ensino fundamental: realidade e perspectivas

Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS

Linguagem e invenção em Primeiras Estórias

Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS

A variação da concordância verbal na terceira pessoa do plural em redações escolares do ensino fundamental e médio: uma avaliação de fatores linguísticos e sociais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Storage of 'Espada' mango fruits in modified atmosphere and cooling: effects on conservation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A split-mouth randomized clinical trial of conventional and heavy flowable composites in class II restorations

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the 2-year clinical performance of class II restorations made with a composite resin with two different viscosities.Methods: 47 patients received two class II restorations (n = 94), one made with GrandioSO (conventional viscosity CV), and the other with GrandioSO Heavy Flow (flowable viscosity FV), subjecting both materials to the same clinical conditions. The self-etching adhesive Futurabond M was used for all restorations. The composites were inserted using the incremental technique. The restorations were evaluated using the modified USPHS criteria according to the periods: baseline, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after restorative procedures.Results: After 24 months, 40 patients attended the recall and 78 restorations were evaluated. In all periods, no secondary caries was observed. After 6 months, there were slightly overall changes of scores for most parameters. After 24 months, the higher number of changes from score Alfa to Bravo was observed for marginal discolouration (32.5% CV and 39.5% FV) and colour match (15% CV and 31.6% FV), followed by proximal contact (25% CV and 23.7% FV) and marginal adaptation (20% CV and 21.1% FV). For wear, surface texture and postoperative sensitivity the changes were very small. Just two restorations were lost during the 24-month follow up. Less than 5% of all restorations showed postoperative sensitivity. Chi-square test showed no significant differences between the two materials for all parameters analysed.Conclusion: After 2 years of clinical service, no significant differences were observed between GrandioSO conventional and GrandioSO Heavy Flow for the parameters analysed. Both materials provided acceptable clinical behaviour in class II restorations. Clinical Significance: This study presents the possibility of using a flowable composite with high filler content, for performing class II restorations. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.