A percepção do tempo em Husserl

Apresentamos uma breve reconstrução das duas primeiras seções de Vorlensungen zur Phänomenologie des inneren Zeitbewusstseins, de Edmund Husserl, em que analisamos a maneira pela qual ele desenvolve uma teoria transcendental do tempo, trazendo-a para o campo de seu método fenomenológico. A partir de uma reavaliação do significado de percepção do tempo, ele oferece critérios que, a nosso ver, seriam capazes de dar conta de uma das características mais discutidas do tempo, sua assimetria ou unidirecionalidade. Discutimos também as principais dificuldades enfrentadas por este projeto.

Challenges of modeling depth-integrated marine primary productivity over multiple decades: A case study at BATS and HOT

The performance of 36 models (22 ocean color models and 14 biogeochemical ocean circulation models (BOGCMs)) that estimate depth-integrated marine net primary productivity (NPP) was assessed by comparing their output to in situ (14)C data at the Bermuda Atlantic Time series Study (BATS) and the Hawaii Ocean Time series (HOT) over nearly two decades. Specifically, skill was assessed based on the models' ability to estimate the observed mean, variability, and trends of NPP. At both sites, more than 90% of the models underestimated mean NPP, with the average bias of the BOGCMs being nearly twice that of the ocean color models. However, the difference in overall skill between the best BOGCM and the best ocean color model at each site was not significant. Between 1989 and 2007, in situ NPP at BATS and HOT increased by an average of nearly 2% per year and was positively correlated to the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation index. The majority of ocean color models produced in situ NPP trends that were closer to the observed trends when chlorophyll-alpha was derived from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), rather than fluorometric or SeaWiFS data. However, this was a function of time such that average trend magnitude was more accurately estimated over longer time periods. Among BOGCMs, only two individual models successfully produced an increasing NPP trend (one model at each site). We caution against the use of models to assess multiannual changes in NPP over short time periods. Ocean color model estimates of NPP trends could improve if more high quality HPLC chlorophyll-alpha time series were available.

An evaluation of ocean color model estimates of marine primary productivity in coastal and pelagic regions across the globe

Nearly half of the earth's photosynthetically fixed carbon derives from the oceans. To determine global and region specific rates, we rely on models that estimate marine net primary productivity (NPP) thus it is essential that these models are evaluated to determine their accuracy. Here we assessed the skill of 21 ocean color models by comparing their estimates of depth-integrated NPP to 1156 in situ C-14 measurements encompassing ten marine regions including the Sargasso Sea, pelagic North Atlantic, coastal Northeast Atlantic, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Arabian Sea, subtropical North Pacific, Ross Sea, West Antarctic Peninsula, and the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone. Average model skill, as determined by root-mean square difference calculations, was lowest in the Black and Mediterranean Seas, highest in the pelagic North Atlantic and the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone, and intermediate in the other six regions. The maximum fraction of model skill that may be attributable to uncertainties in both the input variables and in situ NPP measurements was nearly 72%. on average, the simplest depth/wavelength integrated models performed no worse than the more complex depth/wavelength resolved models. Ocean color models were not highly challenged in extreme conditions of surface chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature, nor in high-nitrate low-chlorophyll waters. Water column depth was the primary influence on ocean color model performance such that average skill was significantly higher at depths greater than 250 m, suggesting that ocean color models are more challenged in Case-2 waters (coastal) than in Case-1 (pelagic) waters. Given that in situ chlorophyll-a data was used as input data, algorithm improvement is required to eliminate the poor performance of ocean color NPP models in Case-2 waters that are close to coastlines. Finally, ocean color chlorophyll-a algorithms are challenged by optically complex Case-2 waters, thus using satellite-derived chlorophyll-a to estimate NPP in coastal areas would likely further reduce the skill of ocean color models.

Estudo multicêntrico Brasileiro - Adesivo contraceptivo transdérmico semanal: Preferência e satisfação das usuárias

Background: To assess satisfaction with the weekly transdermal contraceptive patch, compared to the previous contraceptive method. Adhesion, cycle control, safety and efficacy were secondary outcomes. Methods: A multicenter, open label, descriptive study. Subjects received the weekly transdermal contraceptive patch for 6 cycles. At the baseline and after the 1 st, 3 rd and 6 th cycles, satisfaction with the method was assessed. The contraceptive efficacy was assessed by the Pearl Index and by life table analysis. Results: An ITT analysis was performed with 494 subjects. At the endpoint, 95.3% of women were satisfied with the patch compared to the previous method; 59.5%, 58.0% and 63.2% of women reported improvement in the physical and emotional well-being, and pre-menstrual symptoms, respectively. Pre-menstrual symptoms frequency decreased from 85.0% (CI 95%: 80.8-87.4%) to 55.0% (CI 95%: 49.9-66.0%). There was a significant increase in hemoglobin levels, and also a significant decrease in total serum cholesterol and tryglicerides.. There were no significant adverse events. The adjusted Pearl Index was 1.1 pregnancies per 100 women-years. Conclusions: The weekly contraceptive transdermal patch is a safe and effective method, and there was a high rate of satisfaction with its use among brazilian women. The patch was associated to a good cycle control, with easiness of use, improvement in the physical and emotional well-being and improvement in the premenstrual symptoms and lipid profile. © Copyright Moreira Jr. Editora. Todos os direitos reservados.

Polymorphisms of estrogen receptor-α gene in Brazilian women with high breast density after menopause

The association of genetic polymorphism in the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) gene and risk for diseases including breast cancer (BC) has been the subject of great interest. Objective: Checking on women with high breast density after menopause, the frequency of the Pvull and Xbal polymorphisms of the ERα gene and the correlation between them and the known risk factors for breast cancer. Method: Observational study with 308 women between 45 and 65 years old with high breast density, without hormonal therapy, menstruation for a year or more, breast and ovarian cancer history. It was characterized in clinical history and physical examination: menarche, menopause, parity, family history of BC, smoking, alcohol intake and body mass index. Results: The allelic and genotypic frequencies for ERα-Pvull and Xbal: p=43.99%; p=56.01%; pp=32.14%; Pp=47.73% and PP=20.13%; X=41.56%; x=58.44%; xx=33.44%; Xx=50.00% and XX=16.56%, respectively. The most frequent risk factors for BC: menarche before 12 years old (35.38%), nulliparity or first child after 28 years old (41.66%), family history of BC (19.16%) and overweight/obesity (62.01%). Conclusion: Allelic and genotypic distribution similar to literature. The risk factors for BC were more prevalent in women with high breast density but without significant associations with these polymorphisms. © 2013 Informa UK Ltd. All rights reserved.

O simbolismo na poesia de Jorge de Lima

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Alceu Amoroso Lima: matrizes e posições de um intelectual católico militante em perspectiva histórica - 1928-1946

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fontes para pensar a trajetória de um intelectual brasileiro Alceu Amoroso Lima

O estágio da pesquisa ora em andamento tem como foco principal apresentar e discutir dois conjuntos de fontes utilizados como auxiliares no estudo, em particular, da trajetória do pensador católico brasileiro Alceu Amoroso Lima, e também dos intelectuais que faziam parte do seu grupo. Os conjuntos são: uma seleção de obras de pensadores dos séculos XVIII-XIX (Edmund Burke, Louis-Ambroise De Bonald, Joseph De Maistre e Juan Donoso Cortés); a revista A Ordem, publicação de orientação católica criada nos anos 20 e que era o principal meio de expressão da intelectualidade católica laica. Certamente, o primeiro conjunto de fontes nos fornece elementos para pensar a produção de artigos de intelectuais católicos publicados na revista A Ordem, no Brasil dos anos 1930 e 1940, e particularmente por Alceu Amoroso Lima, o intelectual líder do grupo pessoas que escreviam nessas páginas.

Quando o tempo se torna linear

A partir de um ensaio de Leack sobre o tempo, procura-se precisar certos conceitos conhecimentos que se tem hoje sobre caçadores-coletores e suas representações de espaço e tempo. Tentase também estabelecer a importância que têm para o surgimento de uma representação linear do tempo, o desenvolvimento tecnológico e o aparecimento de religiões salvacionistas e mostrar como, mesmo certa estrutura de representação cíclica se mantém.

A revisão do complexo de William Wilson em O médico e o monstro, de Robert Louis Stevenson

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Percepção e impercepção: a experiência sensível na tradição fenomenológica

In this paper, we circumscribe a domain of theoretical research on the combination dynamics between the dimensions of presence and absence, visibility and invisibility, which emerges in the phenomenology of perception as an essential trait which marks both our experience of the perceived world and our subjective and intersubjective experience. We prioritize a theoretical axis that integrates Edmund Husserl and Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s thinking into Renaud Barbaras’ recent contributions. To this philosophical framework, we link contributions especially of psychology, outlining the circular movement observed between the phenomenology of perception and phenomenological psychology, Gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis, cognitive sciences and neurosciences.

Um estudo sobre licenciatura de matemática oferecida na modalidade à distância

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Jules Laforgue e Carlos Drummond de Andrade: a ironia e a construção do gauche

Pós-graduação em Estudos Literários - FCLAR

Fenomenologia e neurociência: uma relação possível

Pós-graduação em Filosofia - FFC

A teoria da intencionalidade nas obras de Husserl e de Gurwitsch: entre fenomenologia transcendental e psicologia da Gestalt

Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS