33 resultados para Health centers

em Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho"


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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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OBJETIVOS: Traçar o perfil do usuário da Sala de Recursos para Deficiente Visual na cidade de Assis - SP, avaliar a porcentagem de deficientes visuais empregados e comparar o emprego com idade, gênero, tipo de deficiência e doença causadora da deficiência, entre dois períodos: de 1984 a 1996 e de 1997 a 2009. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo dos prontuários médicos e da ficha escolar dos portadores de deficiência visual que frequentaram a Sala de Recursos para Deficiente Visual, no período de 1984 a 2009 na cidade de Assis - SP, divididos em dois períodos de 1984 a 1996 (G1) e de 1997 a 2009 (G2). Analisaram-se dados demográficos, a doença que provocou a baixa visão, o tipo de deficiência visual (cegueira ou baixa visão), escolaridade, recursos ópticos, frequência à Sala de Recursos para Deficiente Visual e taxa de emprego. Foi feita associação da taxa de emprego com: idade, gênero, raça/cor, tipo de deficiência e doença nos dois diferentes períodos. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 149 deficientes visuais sendo: 61,07% homens, 38,9% mulheres, 82,5% brancos e 17,4% não brancos e a mediana da idade foi de 18 anos. Dos 149 deficientes visuais, 63,75% eram portadores de baixa visão e 36,24% portadores de cegueira. As principais doenças que levaram à deficiência visual dos 149 pacientes foram em ordem decrescente: retinocoroidite por toxoplasmose (17,40%), atrofia óptica congênita (12,10%), alta hipermetropia (8,72%), retinose pigmentar e alta miopia (6,71% cada uma) e glaucoma congênito e catarata congênita (6,04% cada uma). A frequência à Sala de Recursos para Deficiente Visual foi boa em mais de 50% dos pacientes. Estavam trabalhando regularmente 44,7% e 12,3% dos maiores de 14 anos respectivamente nos períodos de 1984 - 1996 e de 1997 - 2009. Não houve diferença entre os dois períodos quanto às características demográficas, tipo de deficiência e doenças, havendo correlação da taxa de emprego apenas com a idade (pacientes com média de idade maior apresentavam maior porcentagem de emprego). CONCLUSÕES: Os deficientes visuais eram na maioria homens, brancos, portadores de baixa visão e portadores de toxoplasmose ocular. Quase metade (44,7%) dos pacientes com mais de 14 anos encontrava-se trabalhando regularmente até 1996 sugerindo que esforços conjuntos de oftalmologistas e educadores auxilia na inclusão social destes pacientes. A taxa de emprego caiu no período de 1997 a 2009 e a de aposentados aumentou.

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Descreve-se a inovação pedagógica de dois casos na graduação médica: uma matéria denominada Saúde Coletiva III, com (Administração, Ciências Sociais, Epidemiologia, Ética e Nutrição em Saúde Publica) e a disciplina de Semiologia Pediátrica. Para descrição e avaliação dos casos, utilizaram-se métodos qualitativos. A Saúde Coletiva III foi organizada por núcleos temáticos: Problemas em Saúde Publica; Nutrição em Saúde Publica; Planejamento em Saúde. O modelo de ensino centrou-se na problematização de situações vivenciadas na prática da Saúde Publica, trabalhando-se em centros, serviços e organizações de saúde. A Semiologia Pediátrica privilegiou a atenção integral à saúde da criança. O modelo de ensino centrou-se na aprendizagem baseada em problemas e no aprendizado prático da semiologia pediátrica em diferentes cenários, enfatizando-se o ensino ambulatorial. Privilegiou-se o trabalho em pequenos grupos, com a orientação docente. A principal missão voltou-se à utilização de estratégias que valorizassem o ensino centrado no estudante e sua capacidade de construir conhecimento com autonomia. No caso da Pediatria, avançou-se rumo a Medicina Integral, com enfoque amplo do modelo de atenção à criança. A Saúde Coletiva aproximou-se da Medicina Comunitária problematizando situações concretas no SUS e na atenção primária. O estudo mostra a possibilidade de inovação no ensino, e podendo contribuir para a mudança institucional.

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OBJETIVO: Analisar as relações entre agentes comunitários de saúde e os cuidados prestados a idosos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal descritivo, com 213 agentes comunitários das 12 unidades básicas de saúde e das 29 unidades de saúde da família de Marília em 2010. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário sociodemográfico, um instrumento de escala de atitudes em relação à velhice (Escala de Neri) e um questionário para avaliar conhecimentos gerontológicos (Questionário Palmore-Neri-Cachioni). Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizado o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versão 16.0 para Windows. RESULTADOS: Predominaram no quadro dos agentes comunitários os adultos jovens, do sexo feminino, casados, escolaridade > 12 anos e inseridos na atividade há mais de seis anos. A maioria dos agentes relatou experiência com grupo de idosos e convivência intradomiciliar com pessoas dessa faixa etária, porém menos da metade referiu capacitação no tema envelhecimento. As avaliações positivas dos agentes quanto às atitudes perante a velhice ocorreram principalmente em aspectos como a sabedoria e generosidade dos idosos, porém foram marcantes as atitudes negativas para lentidão e rigidez. O número de acertos sobre gerontologia foi baixo e esteve diretamente associado às capacitações recebidas pelos agentes. Foram observados estereótipos em relação ao idoso, na medida em que muitos agentes os consideravam insatisfeitos e dependentes. CONCLUSIONES: Mudar as atitudes e melhorar o conhecimento que se tem acerca do envelhecimento é essencial no enfrentamento das demandas advindas dessa fase da vida. Qualificar a formação do agente comunitário de saúde é fundamental no cuidado ao idoso na atenção primária.

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Background: Since establishing universal free access to antiretroviral therapy in 1996, the Brazilian Health System has increased the number of centers providing HIV/AIDS outpatient care from 33 to 540. There had been no formal monitoring of the quality of these services until a survey of 336 AIDS health centers across 7 Brazilian states was undertaken in 2002. Managers of the services were asked to assess their clinics according to parameters of service inputs and service delivery processes. This report analyzes the survey results and identifies predictors of the overall quality of service delivery.Methods: The survey involved completion of a multiple-choice questionnaire comprising 107 parameters of service inputs and processes of delivering care, with responses assessed according to their likely impact on service quality using a 3-point scale. K-means clustering was used to group these services according to their scored responses. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of high service quality.Results: The questionnaire was completed by 95.8% (322) of the managers of the sites surveyed. Most sites scored about 50% of the benchmark expectation. K-means clustering analysis identified four quality levels within which services could be grouped: 76 services (24%) were classed as level 1 (best), 53 (16%) as level 2 (medium), 113 (35%) as level 3 (poor), and 80 (25%) as level 4 (very poor). Parameters of service delivery processes were more important than those relating to service inputs for determining the quality classification. Predictors of quality services included larger care sites, specialization for HIV/AIDS, and location within large municipalities.Conclusion: The survey demonstrated highly variable levels of HIV/AIDS service quality across the sites. Many sites were found to have deficiencies in the processes of service delivery processes that could benefit from quality improvement initiatives. These findings could have implications for how HIV/AIDS services are planned in Brazil to achieve quality standards, such as for where service sites should be located, their size and staffing requirements. A set of service delivery indicators has been identified that could be used for routine monitoring of HIV/AIDS service delivery for HIV/AIDS in Brazil (and potentially in other similar settings).

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OBJETIVOS: avaliar a qualidade do cuidado pré-natal desenvolvido na atenção primária, comparando os modelos tradicional e Estratégia Saúde da Família. MÉTODO: estudo de avaliação de serviço, pautado nas políticas públicas de saúde. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevista com gerentes, observação nas unidades de saúde e análise de prontuários de gestantes, selecionados aleatoriamente. Diferenças nos indicadores de estrutura e processo foram avaliadas pelo teste qui-quadrado, adotando-se p<0,05 como nível crítico, cálculo dos odds ratio e intervalos de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: foram evidenciadas estruturas semelhantes em ambos os modelos de atenção. Indicadores-síntese de processo, criados neste estudo, e os indicados pelas políticas públicas apontaram situação mais favorável nas Unidades de Saúde da Família. Para o conjunto de atividades preconizadas para o pré-natal, o desempenho foi deficiente em ambos os modelos, embora pouco melhor nas Unidades de Saúde da Família. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados indicam a necessidade de ações para melhoria da atenção pré-natal nos dois modelos de atenção básica no município avaliado.

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Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) advises treatment of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease, also called Buruli ulcer'' (BU), with a combination of the antibiotics rifampicin and streptomycin (R+S), whether followed by surgery or not. In endemic areas, a clinical case definition is recommended. We evaluated the effectiveness of this strategy in a series of patients with large ulcers of >= 10 cm in longest diameter in a rural health zone of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).Methods: A cohort of 92 patients with large ulcerated lesions suspected to be BU was enrolled between October 2006 and September 2007 and treated according to WHO recommendations. The following microbiologic data were obtained: Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stained smear, culture and PCR. Histopathology was performed on a sub-sample. Directly observed treatment with R+S was administered daily for 12 weeks and surgery was performed after 4 weeks. Patients were followed up for two years after treatment.Findings: Out of 92 treated patients, 61 tested positive for M. ulcerans by PCR. PCR negative patients had better clinical improvement than PCR positive patients after 4 weeks of antibiotics (54.8% versus 14.8%). For PCR positive patients, the outcome after 4 weeks of antibiotic treatment was related to the ZN positivity at the start. Deterioration of the ulcers was observed in 87.8% (36/41) of the ZN positive and in 12.2% (5/41) of the ZN negative patients. Deterioration due to paradoxical reaction seemed unlikely. After surgery and an additional 8 weeks of antibiotics, 98.4% of PCR positive patients and 83.3% of PCR negative patients were considered cured. The overall recurrence rate was very low (1.1%).Interpretation: Positive predictive value of the WHO clinical case definition was low. Low relapse rate confirms the efficacy of antibiotics. However, the need for and the best time for surgery for large Buruli ulcers requires clarification. We recommend confirmation by ZN stain at the rural health centers, since surgical intervention without delay may be necessary on the ZN positive cases to avoid progression of the disease. PCR negative patients were most likely not BU cases. Correct diagnosis and specific management of these non-BU ulcers cases are urgently needed.

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The aim of this paper was to assess the Projeto UNI (Kellogg Foundation) in one of the Mental Health Centers (ARE) of Botucatu, SP, Brazil. We analysed 20% of the charts and the number of patients seen by psychiatrists and other mental health professionals before and after. Our results showed that: 1) the service users were mainly of neurotic patients (anxious, dysthymiacs, ICD-9 V code), followed by psychotics (schizophrenics, affectives) and organics (epileptics, mental deficients, demented patients); 2) there were more treatment options after the Projeto UNI implementation and over 2,495 group consultations were made in one year (as opposed to 90 in the year prior the project); 3) medical and nurse students are evaluating the program favourably; 4) there is a clear necessity of reassessing and changing some prescription practices: 43% of the patients were taking drug associations, there was an excessive use of benzodiazepines (54%) and low use of mood stabilizers (5%). There is also a need for more availability of depot neuroleptics, other antidepressants and better quality psychotropic drugs, and 5) there is a necessity of improving quality and quantity of charts information.

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This study was carried out in order to identify the interactions that occur most often between prescribed drugs as they are taken by elderly patients attending municipal public health centers in the city of Jaú, São Paulo State, Brazil. It is known that older people frequently have to live with chronic health problems, which oblige them to use the health service a great deal and to consume large quantities of medicines. When concomitant diseases are present, and polytherapy is being applied, the likelihood of adverse reactions and interactions between drugs increases. The population under study consisted of 148 persons aged 65 or more who frequented the pharmacy at the Núcleo de Gestão Assistencial (Municipal Health Centre, NGA25) in Jaú, between August and December 2004. Data were collected from medical prescriptions, the independent variables being the age and sex of the patient. For each patient, the pharmacological classes of drugs taken and drug-drug interactions were recorded. It was found that the mean numbers of drugs consumed were 3.8 among women and 3.9 among men. In terms of age, the highest number of drugs (4.2) was used in the group aged 75 to 84 years. The most frequently prescribed classes, in decreasing order, were: antihypertensives, 25.0%, heart drugs, 15.5%, diuretics, and anti-diabetic drugs, 10.7%. It was concluded that the classes most involved in drug-drug interactions were heart drugs, diuretics and antihypertensives. The most problematic active constituents were digoxin, amiodarone, frusemide, captopril, propranolol and nifedipine.

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Background and objective: It has been shown that aerobic exercise is useful to reduce arterial pressure, however, the effectiveness of an exercise program is still controversial and not very well analyzed among populations with low-income. The objective of the present study was to set up an individualized physical fitness program - Projeto Hipertensão - focused on hypertensive people, patients from a Health Basic Unit (HBU) and, after that, to investigate the effects of this program on physical fitness, metabolic profile and pressure levels. Methods: Sixteen hypertensive women (56 ± 3yrs) under regular pharmacological treatment underwent 4 months of a supervised aerobic and stretching exercise program (3 sessions/wk, 90 min/session, 60% of V̇O 2 max). Several physical and metabolic variables were compared before and after 4 months of training. Results: Training significantly reduced systolic arterial pressure (SAP, -6%), improved cardio-respiratory fitness (+42% of V̇O2max), flexibility (+11%) and plasma glucose content (-4%). BMI and % fat did not change. Besides modifying metabolic profile, it was found that training presented significant correlations between individual initial values of cholesterol total level (CT), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and its responses after exercise. Conclusions: The study shows that exercise programs can be personalized for hypertensive patients from a HBU and confirms the effectiveness of exercise on AP, physical fitness, flexibility and lipid profile on hypertensive patients. The expressive reduction of AP in hypertensive subjects suggests that this exercise intervention should be emphasized on other health centers which assist low-income population.

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The prenatal assistance is one of the health care pillars. This study aimed to conduct a critical evaluation of the SIS Prenatal in a city of São Paulo State, to compare its data with the local assistance and to verify the registry of pregnant women attended at Health Care Centers. It was analyzed the pregnant women records through consultation at Health Regional Unit and municipal health service. There were inconsistencies between the system and local registry. The failures were related to the inadequate filling of attendance files, besides scarce control of pregnant women files and scheduling on health centers. The results suggest the need for better planning of actions for the improvement of prenatal service quality.

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A cross observational study was achieved about hypertensive patients from the Basic Health Unit in Betel, Paulinia - S.P. assessing blood pressure levels, anthropometric data, biosocial variables, responses to questionaires about physical activity (Ipaq), and quality of life (Whoqol), as well as estimates of cardiovascular risk by Framingham score. With descriptive purposes, absolute and relative frequencies distributions are presented. From originally 95 people in the study, 18 were eliminated, and the remaining 77 were predominately composed by women, averaged 55.87 years old (standard deviation 11.88); white ethnic; basic schooling education, and income of 3 minimum salaries. Although clinical criteria verified altered values, it was the physical evaluation that indicated more clearly risks of contracting cardiovascular diseases, thus showing how different complementary evaluations can better predict risk. These results demonstrated that other professionals should be an asset as an integral part of the health team. © Copyright Moreira Jr. Editora. Todos os direitos reservados.

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Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)