Description of a new species of skate of the genus Malacoraja Stehmann, 1970: the first species from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, with notes on generic monophyly and composition (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae)

O primeiro registro para o Atlântico Sul ocidental de uma espécie do gênero Malacoraja Stehmann, 1970 é feita com base na descrição de Malacoraja obscura, espécie nova, proveniente do talude continental do Sudeste brasileiro dos estados do Espírito Santo e Rio de Janeiro em profundidades de 808-1105 m. A espécie nova é conhecida através de cinco exemplares e é distinta de seus congêneres pela sua coloração dorsal composta por numerosas manchas esbranquiçadas e pequenas na região do disco e nadadeiras pélvicas, por apresentar uma fileira irregular de espinhos ao longo da superfície dorsal mediana da cauda a qual persiste em espécimes maiores (desde a base da cauda até dois-terços do seu comprimento numa fêmea de 680 mm de comprimento total, CT) e uma região pequena desprovida de dentículos na base ventral da cauda (estendendo somente até a margem distal da nadadeira pélvica). Outros caracteres diagnósticos em combinação incluem a ausência de espinhos escapulares em indivíduos maiores, número elevado de fileiras dentárias (64/62 fileiras num macho subadulto de 505 mm de CT e 76/74 numa fêmea de 680 mm de CT) e de vértebras (27-28 Vtr, 68-75 Vprd), coloração ventral do disco uniformemente castanha escura, duas fenestras pós-ventrais na cintura escapular, fenestra pós-ventral posterior grande, forame magno circular e dois forames para a carótida interna na placa basal ventral do neurocrânio. Machos adultos não são conhecidos, porém uma descrição anatômica de M. obscura, sp. nov., é fornecida. Comparações são realizadas com todo o material conhecido de M. kreffti, com a literatura sobre M. senta e com material abundante de M. spinacidermis da África do Sul; M. obscura, sp. nov., assemelha-se mais a M. spinacidermis do Atlântico Sul oriental em esqueleto dérmico, coloração e tamanho. Malacoraja é monofilético devido à sua espinulação e apêndices rostrais conspícuos e é aparentemente composta por dois grupos de espécies, um para M. obscura e M. spinacidermis e outro para M. kreffti e M. senta, porém a elucidação das relações filogenéticas entre as espécies necessita de mais informações anatômicas, principalmente das duas últimas espécies.

Generic Bifurcations of Planar Filippov Systems via Geometric Singular Perturbations

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Disclosing the generic behavior of topological solutions: An orbit-based approach

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Pericarp structure in Banisteriopsis CBRob. and Diplopterys A.Juss. (Malpighiaceae): new data supporting generic segregation

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

On the number of singularities in generic deformations of map germs

Let f:C-n, 0 --> C-p, 0 be a K-finite map germ, and let i = (i(1),..., i(k)) be a Boardman symbol such that Sigma(i) has codimension n in the corresponding jet space J(k)(n, p). When its iterated successors have codimension larger than n, the paper gives a list of situations in which the number of Sigma(i) points that appear in a generic deformation of f can be computed algebraically by means of Jacobian ideals of f. This list can be summarised in the following way: f must have rank n - i(1) and, in addition, in the case p = 6, f must be a singularity of type Sigma(i2.i2).

On the Betti number of the union of two generic map images

Let f: M --> N and g: K --> N be generic differentiable maps of compact manifolds without boundary into a manifold such that their intersection satisfies a certain transversality condition. We show, under a certain cohomological condition, that if the images f(M) and g(K) intersect, then the (upsilon + 1)th Betti number of their union is strictly greater than the sum of their (upsilon + 1)th Betti numbers, where upsilon = dim M + dim K - dim N. This result is applied to the study of coincidence sets and fixed point sets. (C) 1999 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Cytotaxonomic diagnosis of Trichomycterus diabolus (Teleostei: Trichomycteridae) with comments about its evolutionary relationships with co-generic species

São descritos o cariótipo e a localização das regiões organizadoras de nucléolo (Ag-NOR) de uma amostra de Trichomycterus diabolus, coletada no córrego Hortelã (Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil). A espécie apresentou 2n=56 cromossomos (42 metacêntricos, 12 submetacêntricos e 2 subtelocêntricos) e as regiões organizadoras de nucléolo localizadas próximas ao centrômero, no braço longo do maior par metacêntrico. A ocorrência de 2n=56 cromossomos em Trichomycterus diabolus é uma característica interessante, uma vez que, até o momento, todas as espécies cis-Andinas cariotipadas apresentaram 2n=54 cromossomos, enquanto que quase todas as espécies trans-Andinas apresentaram números diplóides diferentes. É discutida a possível origem desta inesperada estrutura cariotípica.

A REAPPRAISAL OF GENERIC AND SUBGENERIC CLASSIFICATION IN THE BATRACHOSPERMACEAE (RHODOPHYTA)

The generic and subgeneric classification of the family Batrachospermaceae (Rhodophyta) has long been recognized as ambiguous and often inconsistent. One of the prime features used to delineate sections of Batrachospermum, trichogyne shape, is variable even within given species. However, characters associated with the carposporophyte and the carpogonial branch, as well as carpogonial symmetry, are practical and consistent taxonomic criteria. These features have been used to redefine sectional delineation in Batrachospermum. Based on phylogenetic reasoning and practicality, it is proposed that the three genera Nothocladus, Sirodotia and Tuomeya be reduced to sectional level within Batrachospermum. The genus Batrachospermum would thus become the sole member of the Batrachospermaceae and would include two subgenera, Batrachospermum and Acarposporophytum, the former with nine clearly defined sections (Aristata, Batrachospermum, Contorta, Hybrida, Nothocladus (Skuja) stat. nov., Sirodotia (Kylin) stat. nov., Tuomeya (Harvey) stat. nov., Turficola and Viridia). As a result, the following nomenclatural changes are proposed: Batrachospermum lindaueri (Skuja) comb. nov., B. nodosum (Skuja) comb. nov., B. delicatulum (Skuja) comb. nov., B. fennicum (Skuja) comb. nov., B. suecicum (Kylin) comb. nov. and B. americanum (Kutzing) comb. nov.

In vitro characterization of intra-generic inhibition of growth in Salmonella typhimurium

The intra-generic inhibition of bacterial growth observed previously in vivo and in vitro with strains of Salmonella, Citrobacter and E. coli was studied in vitro using S. typhimurium strain F98. There was complete inhibition of multiplication of S. typhimurium when it was added to stationary-phase broth cultures of different Salmonella serotypes, but only partial inhibition when added to broth cultures of E. coli. The degree of inhibition between different mutants of F98 was affected by the numbers of bacteria of the inhibiting strain, but this was not the only factor, since exponential-phase bacterial cells were less inhibitory than stationary-phase cells. The inhibitory effect was produced at temperatures between 20°C and 40°C. The complete inhibition of growth observed between F98 mutants was abolished by ampicillin, rifampicin and streptomycin, but not by nalidixic acid. Inhibition was also prevented by separating the two cultures by a dialysis membrane. A Tnpho A Insertion mutant of F98 was produced which did not show inhibition in vitro but was still inhibitory in vivo. It is suggested that this complete inhibition of bacterial multiplication between organisms of the same genus, which is greater than that produced between organisms from different genera, is mediated by a cell surface protein.

Redescription and reevaluation of the generic status of Leptodactylus dantasi (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) and description of its unusual advertisement call

Leptodactylus dantasi Bokermann is redescribed from adult specimens collected in Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, State of Acre, Brazil, near the border between the Brazilian state of Acre and Peru. We propose the inclusion of this species in the genus Hydrolaetare. A new diagnostic character observed for the genus is the presence of fringes of fingers, and fringes and webbing of toes, finely serrate; the serrate edge of the fringe and webbing can be keratinized in males, females, and subadults. Hydrolaetare dantasi (Bokermann) is characterized by robust body and limbs, a broad and depressed head, slightly shorter than wide, and long, pointed and basally webbed toes. Hydrolaetare dantasi differs from the only other species in this genus, Hydrolaetare schmidti (Cochran and Goin), mainly by having toes webbed basally (fully webbed in H. schmidti). The advertisement call of H. dantasi is composed of two components; an initial note produced by the impact of the vocal sac against the ground and a second note corresponding to a long whistle of ascending frequency. The initial note is a percussive sound and represents an unusual form of sound emission in anurans; the second note is a vocalization.

A systematic review of feather mites of the pterodectes generic complex (acari: Proctophyllodidae: Pterodectinae) with redescriptions of species described by vladimír cerný

Five species of feather mites originally described in the genus Pterodectes by Vladimir černý (1974) are redescribed: Pterodectes havliki, P. maculatus , P. reticulatus, P. storkani, P. thraupicola and P. troglodytis. The formerly unknown males of P. thraupicola and P. reticulatus and the female of P. maculatus are described for the first time. A synopsis of known species of the Pterodectes generic complex is presented, and species content of the genus Pterodectes is revised. Fifteen species previously included in this genus are transferred to the new genus Amerodectes gen. n.: Amerodectes atyeoi (OConnor et al., 2005) comb. n., A. bilineatus (Berla, 1958) comb. n., A. geothlypis (Berla, 1973) comb. n., A. gracilis (Trouessart, 1885) comb. n., A. maculatus comb. n., A. molothrus (Mironov, 2008) comb. n., A. nordestensis (Berla, 1958) comb. n., A. paroariae (Mironov, 2008) comb. n., A. pitangi (Mironov, 2008) comb. n., A. tangarae (Mironov, 2008) comb. n., A. turdinus (Berla, 1959) comb. n., A. sialiarum (Stoll, 1893) comb. n., A. storkani (černý, 1974) comb. n., A. thraupicola (cčerný, 1974) comb. n., and A. troglodytis (černý, 1974) comb. n. Five species are transferred to the genus Tyrannidectes Mironov, 2008: Tyrannidectes amaurochalinus (Hernandes et Valim, 2006) comb. n., T. banksi (Valim et Hernandes, 2008) comb. n., T. crassus (Trouessart, 1885) comb. n., T. fissuratus (Hernandes et Valim, 2005) comb. n., and T. reticulatus (Cerný, 1974) comb. n.; and one species is moved to the genus Metapterodectes Mironov, 2008: Metapterodectes muticus (Banks, 1909) comb. n. The genus Pterodectes remains monotypic, with the type species P. rutilus Robin, 1877. © Acarina 2010.

Generic bifurcation of refracted systems

In this article we discuss some qualitative and geometric aspects of non-smooth dynamical systems theory. Our goal is to study the diagram bifurcation of typical singularities that occur generically in one parameter families of certain piecewise smooth vector fields named Refracted Systems. Such systems has a codimension-one submanifold as its discontinuity set. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Multiple mitochondrial genes of some sylvatic Brazilian Triatoma: Non-monophyly of the T. brasiliensis subcomplex and the need for a generic revision in the Triatomini

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)