29 resultados para Enciclopédia do integralismo
em Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho"
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em História - FCHS
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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This paper searches to present Hegel’s understanding of pain and suffering. It was taken as source of investigation Hegel’s Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences in which pain and suffering are also considered. The fi rst step was to identify the references of pain and suffering in the original text, i.e., in German and then compared with the Portuguese translation here used. The analysis followed the sequence of Hegel’s text as it mentioned the terms pain and suffering. It can be said that for Hegel pain and suffering are posed by the rational man according to the historical determinations and the relations that are established. So, there is no meaning in pain and suffering themselves but only through the relations that they create and create them as well. Neither the empirical manifestation nor the interpretation can resume the all meaning that pain and suffering may have. The totality of empirical and interpretative approaches reveals the full signifi cance of pain and suffering that can be seen in the human.
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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This study had two objectives: to build theoretically the hypothetical landmarks of the environmental crisis and to conjecture new horizons or utopias which can fulfill themselves in the future in search of another being of the man in the world. Therefore, a bibliographic research has been done and, as methodology of analysis, a dialectic critical method has been used to understand the reality in its contradictions and in the totality of the history, through some suggestions, going toward the domain of the state of things which we can verify in the world nowadays. It has been observed that the hypothetical landmarks of the environmental crisis had and have its origins in the Jewish-Christian monotheism, in the exacerbation of the reason as the only way of knowledge and in the process of capitalist accumulation. Therefore, these landmarks, in almost their totality, have historically been built even before the advent of the capitalism. From this point, three suggestions were launched as questions, or so, possibilities, to open a discussion about the construction of another paradigm: Is it necessary another sense of religion? Is it necessary another sense of reason? Is it necessary another sense of sustainable development? Thus, these questions which have been launched, were thought as the current necessities for the environmental education and they implicate in another historical condition to the mankind.
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The criticism of Cartesian philosophy is correlated on four pillars: the fragmentation of knowledge, the separation between mind and body, the impossibility of the reductionist method for explanation of natural phenomena, and in the superiority of the reason as the only valid form of knowledge. These last two pillars, as many environmentalists claim, contributed decisively to the devaluation of the res extensa over the res cogitans. To check this we used as a theoretical framework the following texts: Discourse on Method, Rules for Conduct of the Spirit and Metaphysical Meditations. By reading these works it was found that the first two pillars (the fragmentation of knowledge and the separation between mind and body) there are no theoretical basis in texts. The failure of the reductionist method to explain the ecological and atomic phenomena and the overcoming of reason as the only valid form of knowledge are supported in their philosophy.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)