Distribución volumétrica, simetría del chorro y diámetro de gotas de las boquillas TF-VS2

El conocimiento de las características de las diferentes boquillas de pulverización tiene una importancia imprescindible para la adecuada y correcta recomendación de su uso. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el espaciamiento máximo en la barra horizontal de pulverización, la simetría del chorro y el diámetro de gotas en boquillas de pulverización TF-VS2. El trabajo fue realizado en mesa de deposición, en donde fueron utilizadas las presiones de 100, 200 y 300 kPa en las alturas de trabajo de 40 y 50 cm. La simetría del chorro fue determinada en función de dos metodologías (empírica y trigonométrica). También se determinó el tamaño de las gotas, utilizando el método de difracción de rayos laser, en función de dos caldos de pulverización constituidos por agua y por agua con adyuvante en las tres presiones de trabajo ya descritas. Los espaciamientos máximos entre las boquillas en la barra de pulverización no pueden rebasar los 70 y 82 cm, admitiéndose el CV de un 10% para las alturas de 40 y de 50 cm respectivamente. La mayor presión proporcionó el menor diámetro mediano volumétrico (DMV) y la peor uniformidad de gotas, además del mayor porcentaje de gotas susceptibles a deriva, así como también aumentó la simetría entre los chorros.

Consórcio suíno-peixe: aspectos ambientais e qualidade do pescado

Amostras de músculo de carpa comum (Cyprinus carpio) e de água de três viveiros fertilizados com dejetos de suínos e de um viveiro em que os peixes foram alimentados com ração comercial para peixes foram analisadas durante seis meses. O objetivo foi observar a presença de bactérias patogênicas, como Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus e coliformes totais e fecais, em peixes comercializados in natura no município de Chapecó, Santa Catarina. Foram aferidos quinzenalmente, na água dos quatro viveiros, oxigênio dissolvido, pH, turbidez, alcalinidade total, dureza total, amônia, nitrato e ortofosfato, bem como a quantidade de coliformes totais e fecais. A análise microbiológica músculo dos peixes demonstrou ausência de Salmonella em todas as amostras. A contagem dos demais microrganismos manteve-se inferior ao limite máximo permitido pela legislação vigente, em todas as amostras. Portanto, os peixes analisados estavam aptos ao consumo humano, pois atenderam aos padrões recomendados pela Divisão Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária de Alimentos (DINAL). A comparação entre os viveiros fertilizados com dejetos de suínos e o viveiro fertilizado com ração comercial para peixes não apresentou diferença significativa, porém apresentou efeito significativo sobre oxigênio dissolvido, turbidez, alcalinidade total e amônia. A matéria orgânica foi responsável pelos maiores valores, com exceção da turbidez, que foi menor no viveiro fertilizado com ração comercial para peixes. Entretanto, após análise de todos os parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos da água dos viveiros, pode-se constatar que todos os viveiros se enquadraram nas classes II ou III da classificação de águas interiores estabelecida pelo CONAMA.

Distribución geográfica etaria y racial de la hemoglobina S en Brasil.

OBJECTIVES: This paper was meant to analyse distribution of HbS carriers in Brazil, comprising its regional prevalence and the relationship with racial settlement and age groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 67,667 blood samples from 48 Brazilian towns were analysed from 1976 to 1988. Such samples were classified as Caucasoid and Negroid. The diagnosis was defined by means of qualitative electrophoresis in alkaline and acid pH, quantification of haemoglobin fractions, cytological studies and some cases were confirmed after examination of the parents. RESULTS: The study of those 67,667 samples allowed us to detect 1,492 HbS carriers (2.2%). That frequency is higher among Negroids (5.16%) than among Caucasoids (1.22%): Z = 22.1397 (Zcritical; 0.05 = 1.9600). Taking the HbS carrier distribution into consideration, we noticed that it is relatively homogeneous among Negroids and higher than 5% in 9 out of the 16 areas involved in the study. By classifying the age group of the areas in the general sample and by comparing the proportions, we found out that there are significant differences (chi 2 = 50.88; chi 2 critical; 0.05; 5 gl = 11.070). CONCLUSIONS: Sickle-cell anaemia diseases play an important role among the pathologies found in several countries, including Brazil. This paper shows that the carriers prevalence varies in the several areas under study and is higher among Negroids in almost all of them. The decreasing frequency occurring from North to South in the general samples and among Caucasoids may be assigned to the contribution of the Negroes in the interracial crossing, particularly in the Northeast.

Sistema orgânico de produção de pescado de água doce

This study aimed to collect data about organic production of freshwater fish. Today the production of organic food of plant origin is predominant in the market, however, the animal rearing with organic certificate has great potential, and is an important tool for adding value to grains and organic products. Regarding the regulation of organic aquaculture, producers are based on international standards. In Brazil, the norms for breeding are very recent and their regulation was consolidated through Interministerial Instruction No28, published on June 8, 2001 by Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) together with Ministério da Pesca e Aquicultura (MPA). In the literature there are few studies with organic fish farm, but according to available data, the rearing of species such as tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and jundia (Ramdhia sp) fed with organic diet, in different rearing systems, show results quite optimistic about the production system, which is the focus of this work.

Avaliação da qualidade microbiológica do gelo utilizado na conservação de pescado

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Rastreabilidade em pescado: influência do grau de domesticação, origem e sazonalidade na diferenciação de peixes

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Sistema orgânico de produção de pescado de água doce

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Processamento e qualidade higiênico-sanitária do pescado: se tiver subtitulo

The fishery products are sources of protein of high biological value and an important component in a balanced diet. However, they are highly subject to deterioration, which represents a serious risk to public health. Thus, rigorous methods are needed for quality assurance of fish in all stages of the production chain. Traditionally, the Brazilian population does not have the habit of eating fish, although the country presents a great potential for aquaculture, which is underexploited. The consumption of fish is limited by socio-economic factors. Currently, the search for food security is a global trend. Thus, it is necessary to change the profile of the consumer, by offering a competitive and safe food. In this paper, we address issues related to quality, hygiene and health of fish

Qualidade da água e do pescado (tilápia-do-Nilo - Oreochromis niloticus) oriundos de pesque-pagues situados no estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Histologia do fígado de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) alimentados com dietas contendo silagem biológica de pescado

This study aimed to evaluate possible histopathological liver of tilapia fed diets containing fish silage and level protein. Sample of 180 fed with tilapia fingerlings fed with diets containing three protein levels (20, 24 and 28% CP), and Proportions residue fermented silage of tilapia (1/4 and 1/2) of were analyzed during 75 days. The tissue fragments were fixed in Bouin and included in Histosec (R). After that, between 2 to 5 mu m slices were done in a rotation microtome. The methods used for tissue analysis were hematoxilin/eosin and PAS. The histological slices were examined under light microscope (Olympus BX-50). The disarray in the morphology of the liver of fish fed biological silage was influenced by high protein levels, and increased proportions of 1/2 of animal protein diets. It was observed that the variation of hepatocytes is directly related to the type of diet for fish. In fish fed diets containing 28% CP, the liver showed disruption of the structure cordon of hepatocytes, necrosis and shifting points of the core to the periphery. Elevated levels of biological fish silage cause deleterious changes in the liver. The level of protein required to maintain the health of the associated development fish is 24% crude protein.