Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization in two soils amended with distillery yeast

The possibility of using yeast from alcohol distilleries as a source of nutrients in soil was investigated. The following treatments were used: no fertilization (control), 0.5% (w/w) yeast, 1% (w/w) yeast, and NPK. The decomposition of yeast was monitored for 90 days in two soils. The CO, production and the microbial biomass were increased by art average of 1- to 3-fold by yeast incorporation compared to control. Protease activity also was enhanced 3- to 8-fold in the soils supplemented with yeast compared to control. The phosphatase activities were higher than control only during the first days. While nitrate contents increased in all treatments compared to control, available P only increased in the soils amended with 1%, yeast or NPK by 45-119% and 309-489%, respectively. These results indicate that there exists an excellent potential for the use of yeast in the soil as a source of nitrate and available P for plant nutrition. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Screening for yeast with antibacterial properties from an ethanol distillery

A general screening for the expression of antibacterial activity and non-flocculating type of yeast strains from must and fermented broth of alcohol distilleries was performed. From 60 strains only Saccharomyces sp. M26 presented a inhibitory halo in Lactobacillus fermentum culture and significant reduction in the culture turbidity (71%) and specific growth rate (56%) when compared to the control. Freezing did not affect the antibacterial activity of the Saccharomyces sp. M26 extract and heating at 90°C for 20 min completely destroyed this activity. It is expected the decrease of lactic acid bacteria growth in the S. cerevisiae alcoholic fermentation should allow for better control of these bacteria in the process. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Germinação de sementes de Sida rhombifolia e Brachiaria decumbens influenciada por vinhaça, flegmaça e óleo de fúsel

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar, em condições de laboratório, a germinação de sementes de Sida rhombifolia e Brachiaria decumbens submetidas à aplicação de vinhaça, flegmaça e óleo de fúsel. Esses subprodutos, nas concentrações de 12,5; 25,0; 50,0; e 100,0% (v/v), e as testemunhas (água com pH e osmolalidade corrigidos, em função da caracterização realizada nos subprodutos e em suas diluições) foram aplicados diretamente em 100 sementes acondicionadas em caixas de plástico, utilizando papel como substrato. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, e as médias obtidas foram submetidas ao teste de Tukey. As sementes de Sida rhombifolia submetidas ao óleo de fúsel não germinaram e apresentaram redução na viabilidade, principalmente nas maiores concentrações de aplicação. As sementes de Brachiaria decumbens submetidas à maior concentração de flegmaça apresentaram tendência de redução da viabilidade e do índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG). Na presença do óleo de fúsel as sementes de Brachiaria decumbens não germinaram e apresentaram-se totalmente inviáveis.

Qualidade e produtividade da cana planta e cana soca em função de doses e fontes de manganês

The crop of the sugarcane is stood out in the Brazilian agricultural scenery, due to the great demand of sugar, alcohol and by-products. The present work had as objective to evaluate the effect of five doses and three sources of manganese applied at planting furrow in sugarcane, in two cuts, in the Northwest area of São Paulo State, Brazil. The experiment was conducted at Fujimoto farm with coordinates 20 degrees 32 'S and 50 degrees 58' O, and altitude of 361 meters, area administered by Distillery Vale do Parana S/A Alcool and Acucar, in Suzanapolis county - São Paulo state. A randomizef blocks design in a factorial scheme 5x3, being 5 doses of manganese (0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 and 10.0 kg ha(-1)), and 3 sources (Quelate, FTE and manganese sulfate), applied at planting furrow, in 4 repetitions was used. The plots were constituted by 4 lines of 5 m length, spaced by 1.5 m. The RB 86-7515 variety was used. The sources of manganese did not influence in the technological quality and productivity of stems in none of the cuts of sugarcane. The application of doses of manganese resulted in increase on values of recoverable total sugar per ha and ton of pol per ha in plant cane, not influencing in the other variables analyzed on plant cane and ratoon cane.

Produtividade e desenvolvimento da cana-planta e soca em função de doses e fontes de manganês

A cana-de-açúcar possui grande importância econômico-social e política para o Brasil. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de doses e fontes de manganês nessa cultura. O experimento foi realizado no sítio Fujimoto, área administrada pela Destilaria Vale do Paraná S/A Álcool e Açúcar, no município de Suzanápolis, SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso no esquema fatorial 5 x 3, sendo cinco doses de Mn (0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5; e 10,0 kg ha-1) e três fontes (quelato, FTE e sulfato de manganês), aplicadas no sulco de plantio, em quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por quatro linhas de 5 m de comprimento e espaçadas 1,5 m. A variedade de cana-de-açúcar utilizada foi a RB 86-7515, realizando-se dois cortes. As fontes de Mn proporcionaram semelhantes produtividades de colmos, tanto da cana-planta quanto da primeira cana-soca. O quelato de Mn proporcionou maior número de colmo por metro de sulco na cana-soca. As doses de Mn não influenciaram a produtividade de colmos da cana-planta e da cana- soca, porém aumentaram o número de internódios e o diâmetro de colmo na cana-planta até as doses de 6,9 e 6,6 kg ha-1 de Mn, respectivamente.

Acúmulo de nutrientes no colmo de cana-de-açúcar em função de fontes e doses de manganês

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Sugarcane vinasse: Environmental implications of its use

The inadequate and indiscriminate disposal of sugarcane vinasse in soils and water bodies has received much attention since decades ago, due to environmental problems associated to this practice. Vinasse is the final by-product of the biomass distillation, mainly for the production of ethanol, from sugar crops (beet and sugarcane), starch crops (corn, wheat, rice, and cassava), or cellulosic material (harvesting crop residues, sugarcane bagasse, and wood). Because of the large quantities of vinasse produced, alternative treatments and uses have been developed, such as recycling of vinasse in fermentation, fertirrigation, concentration by evaporation, and yeast and energy production. This review was aimed at examining the available data on the subject as a contribution to update the information on sugarcane vinasse, from its characteristics and chemical composition to alternatives uses in Brazil: fertirrigation, concentration by evaporation, energy production; the effects on soil physical, chemical and biological properties; its influence on seed germination, its use as biostimulant and environmental contaminant. The low pH, electric conductivity, and chemical elements present in sugarcane vinasse may cause changes in the chemical and physical-chemical properties of soils, rivers, and lakes with frequent discharges over a long period of time, and also have adverse effects on agricultural soils and biota in general. Thus, new studies and green methods need to be developed aiming at sugarcane vinasse recycling and disposal. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

As usinas hidrelétricas e seus impactos: os aspectos socioambientais e econômicos do reassentamento rural de Rosana-Euclides da Cunha Paulista

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

Acidentes de trabalho no processamento em uma empresa do setor sucroalcooleiro no interior do Estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

Avaliação do processo de produção de cachaça em pequenas empresas em relação às boas práticas de fabricação

Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR

Doses e fontes de manganês na cultura da cana-de-açúcar

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Aspectos técnicos e ambientais da incorporação de novas tecnologias no setor sucroalcooleiro: produção de hidrogênio e gaseificação do bagaço

The purpose of this work is to study the incorporation of hydrogen production (Case A) and the process of gasification of sugarcane bagasse associated with combined cycle gas turbine and steam turbine (Case B) for Distillery Pioneers process. These technologies can be used to improve the energy supply in the sugarcane mill. Initially the processes for obtaining sugar and ethanol from sugarcane is discussed, with a theoretical introduction to hydrogen, the process of steam reforming and gasification of biomass (bagasse) by inserting a turbine associated with the recovery boiler gas. Subsequently makes up the energy and exergy analysis of the incorporation of the above technologies. In end stage makes it an ecological analysis considering or not the carbon cycle (photosynthesis), to determine the levels of emissions of pollutants, carbon dioxide equivalent, indicators of pollution and ecological efficiencies associated with technological developments proposed. It is concluded that hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethanol and gasification of bagasse are viable alternatives from the point of view of technical and environmental applications in the biofuels industry, contributing to the development of the sector in the country

Efeito do envelhecimento na qualidade da cachaça produzida por pequenos produtores

This article reports the results of a study that aimed at evaluating the effects of aging technique on cachaça samples produced and sold by small farmers in São Paulo State, Brazil. Cachaças, aged and not aged were sent by 10 cachaça producers that take part in the community project and course: São Paulo State Contest of Distillery Cachaça and Production Chain of Cachaça Meeting, organized by the Food and Nutrition Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University, UNESP/Araraquara, SP, Brazil, in partnership with the Brazilian Service of Support to Micro and Small Enterprise of São Paulo State (SEBRAE-SP) and the Rural Union of Araraquara. The evaluation of the samples was made based on sensory tests conducted in Analysis and Quality Control of Foods and Drinks Laboratory of the Department. The survey results showed significantly higher acceptance average in the aged samples compared with not aged ones. The aging process, which was one of the topics discussed in the course, was considered as an effective way to improve the quality of cachaça, the research also confirmed the importance of the University support to improve the quality of food and drink produced in Brazil.

Grãos secos de destilaria com solúveis em dietas para tilápia-do-Nilo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)