10 resultados para Child welfare.

em Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho"


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Aim. To establish a protocol for the early introduction of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy in children with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and to assess its acute and sustained effects on oxygenation and ventilator settings.Patients and Methods. Ten children with ARDS, aged 1 to 132 months (median, 11 months), with arterial saturation of oxygen <88% while receiving a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO(2)) 0.6 and a positive end-expiratory pressure of greater than or equal to 10 cm H2O were included in the study. The acute response to iNO was assessed in a 4-hour dose-response test, and positive response was defined as an increase in the PaO2/FiO(2) ratio of 10 mmHg above baseline values. Conventional therapy was not changed during the test. In the following days, patients who had shown positive response continued to receive the lowest iNO dose. Hemodynamics, PaO2/FiO(2), oxygenation index, gas exchange, and methemoglobin levels were obtained when needed. Inhaled nitric oxide withdrawal followed predetermined rules.Results. At the end of the 4-hour test, all the children showed significant improvement in the PaO2/FiO(2) ratio (63.6%) and the oxygenation index (44.9%) compared with the baseline values. Prolonged treatment was associated with improvement in oxygenation, so that FiO(2) and peak inspiratory pressure could be quickly and significantly reduced., No toxicity from methemoglobin or nitrogen dioxide was observed.Conclusion. Administration of iNO to children is safe. iNO causes rapid and sustained improvement in oxygenation without adverse effects. Ventilator settings can safely be reduced during iNO treatment.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a relação entre a cárie precoce, variáveis sócio-comportamentais e o locus de controle da saúde em um grupo de crianças de 24 a 35 meses de idade de Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil. Foram envolvidas todas as crianças de ambos os sexos, na mencionada faixa etária, matriculadas em sete Centros Municipais de Educação e Recreação Infantil, totalizando 110 crianças. Os exames foram realizados por um examinador, previamente, calibrado para a aplicação dos critérios propostos pela OMS para determinação da condição dentária. Um questionário foi respondido pelas mães, sendo que seu conteúdo incluía informações referentes às características sócio-econômicas, comportamentos e atitudes relacionados à saúde bucal da criança, além da escala multidimensional do locus de controle da saúde. A prevalência de cárie precoce (lesões cavitadas e não cavitadas) foi de 28,2%. Observou-se associação significativa entre a escolaridade paterna (p = 0,01) e cárie precoce; não houve associação significativa entre as médias de nenhuma das subescalas do locus de controle e a cárie precoce. Os resultados sugerem que os pais não devam ser tidos apenas como provedores, mas como uma importante influência no desenvolvimento infantil como um todo.

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Purpose: To verify the prevalence of malocclusion and the influence of harmful oral habits on deciduous dentition in 5- and 6-year-old children enrolled in Brazilian public elementary schools during 2010.Materials and Methods: Exams were conducted in 1385 children from 56 Brazilian elementary schools using the method recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for epidemiological surveys on oral health. Information about the type of arch, social and economic data and harmful oral habits of the children were collected through a structured questionnaire.Results: In relation to canine occlusion, a high prevalence of Class I (74.5%), followed by Class II (19.4%), was found. Among all participants, 22% showed high overjet, 7.8% showed edge-to-edge occlusion and 2.3% showed anterior crossbite. In relation to overbite, 13.2% had short overbite, 14.3% open bite and 16.8% high overbite. The presence of posterior crossbite occurred in 14.6% of children. Maxillae predominantly exhibited the type I arch (67.9%) and mandibles predominantly exhibited type II (51.7%). In relation to harmful oral habits, 43.4% used a pacifier, 84.8% used a bottle and finger sucking was reported by 17.2%.Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of malocclusion associated with oral habits harmful to deciduous dentition.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Inquérito epidemiológico realizado pela Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo e Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Bauru visou à realização de exames de plumbemia em 853 crianças de 0 a 12 anos, em Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil (2002), a partir de indícios de chumbo oriundo de resíduos industriais nas proximidades de uma fábrica de baterias. Os níveis sangüíneos de chumbo no grupo controle foram inferiores aos apresentados pelo grupo exposto (p < 0,05). Mediante a existência de 314 crianças com taxas de plumbemia superiores àquelas aceitáveis pelo Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (10µgPb/dl sangue), foi desencadeado um conjunto de ações com participação dos serviços públicos, universidades e voluntariado, para promover o diagnóstico e a assistência à saúde da população atingida. Ações emergenciais, visando a reduzir riscos de recontaminação, incluíram a raspagem de camada superficial das vias públicas, resultando em 1.392m³ de terra contendo material tóxico, que permanece depositada nas dependências da fábrica. Foi promovida a aspiração de poeira do interior das residências e a lavagem e vedamento das caixas d'água. O Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa da Intoxicação por Chumbo em Crianças de Bauru, por meio deste trabalho, faz o compartilhamento de uma experiência intersetorial, multidisciplinar e interinstitucional.

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Objective: To evaluate the health-related quality of life in children with functional defecation disorders. Methods: One hundred children seen consecutively were enrolled and subdivided into three subsets according to the Roma II classification criteria: functional constipation (n = 57), functional fecal retention (n = 29) and nonretentive functional soiling (n = 14). The generic instrument Child Health Questionnaire - Parent Form 50 (CHQ-PF50®), was used to measure quality of life and to assess the impact of these disorders from the point of view of parents. The instrument measures physical and psychosocial wellbeing in 15 health domains, each of which is graded on a scale from 0 to 100, with higher values indicating better health and greater wellbeing. Ten of these are then used to obtain two aggregated and summary scores: the physical and psychosocial scores. Results: No statistically significant differences were detected between subsets in terms of demographic or anthropometric characteristics. In 14 domains, children with defecation disorders scored lower than healthy children. When subsets were compared, statistically significant differences were detected between children with nonretentive functional soiling (lower scores) and those with functional constipation. Physical and psychosocial scores for the entire sample were lower than those for the group of healthy children used as controls. Conclusions: The CHQ-PF50® was considered adequate for demonstrating compromised quality of life in children with functional defecation disorders, as has been reported for other diseases, being a useful tool for making treatment decisions and for patient follow-up. Copyright © 2006 by Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC