Determination of amfepramone hydrochloride, fenproporex, and diazepam in so-called natural capsules used in the treatment of obesity

A simple and rapid method was developed for the determination of amfepramone hydrochloride, fenprorex, and diazepam in capsules using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection. This procedure provided conditions for the separation of the active ingredient from the complex matrices of the dosage forms by extraction in methanol. Isocratic reversed phase chromatography was performed using acetonitrile, methanol, and aqueous 0,1% ammonium carbonate (50:10:40) as a mobile phase, LiChrospher 100 RP 18 column (125 x 5 mm id, 5 mu m), a column temperature of 25 +/- 1 degrees C and detection at 230 nm.The calibration curves were linear over a wide concentration range (20-2000 mu g.mL(-1) to amfepramone hydrochloride, 8-800 mu g.mL(-1) to fenproporex, and 4-200 mu g.mL(-1) to diazepam) and good analytical recovery (87.1 to 107.8%) was obtained. The method is accurate and precise, as well as having advantages such as simplicity and short duration of analysis. Twenty samples of pharmaceutical preparations labelled as natural products were analysed. Anorectics and diazepam, were detected in 40% of the samples.

The role of obesity as a modifying factor in patients undergoing non-surgical periodontal therapy

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Peritonitis in recent years: clinical findings and predictors of treatment response of 170 episodes at a single Brazilian center

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Intermaxillary fixation as co-adjuvant treatment for morbid obesity

Background: the effective long-term treatments for morbid obesity is bariatric surgery. However, the associated surgical and anesthetic risks led the authors to evaluate intermaxillary fixation, a less aggressive procedure, as a preoperative treatment in selected patients with morid obesity.Methods: 22 patients (5 male, 17 female, ages 16-53 years, with BMI 44.9 +/- 5.4 kg/m(2)) underwent intermaxillary fixation. The procedure consisted of fitting brackets on the front face of the teeth and posterior application of elastic bands to impede mouth opening.Results: At the end of 6 weeks, weight loss was 7.4 +/- 2.6% there was general improvement in lipid profile, glycemia, and blood pressure. There was no recorded discomfort, pain, or any other difficulty during this treatment.Conclusion: Intermaxillary fixation can be used as a pre-surgical solution for weight reduction in preparation for bariatric surgery, improving co-morbid aspects such as blood pressure, glycemia, and lipid profile.

Role of PKC and CaV1.2 in Detrusor Overactivity in a Model of Obesity Associated with Insulin Resistance in Mice

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Measurement of the nonlinear optical response of low-density lipoprotein solutions from patients with periodontitis before and after periodontal treatment: evaluation of cardiovascular risk markers

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Anthropometrical parameters and markers of obesity in rats

The present study was undertaken to determine anthropometrical parameters in male adult Wistar rats. We tested the hypothesis that the anthropometrical index may identify obesity and may predict its adverse effects on lipid profile and oxidative stress in rats. Two experimental protocols were performed. in the first experiment, 50 male Wistar rats, 21 days old and fed a control chow were studied up to 150 days of age. in the second experiment, male Wistar rats, 60 days old, were divided into three groups (n = 8): control (C) given free access to a control chow; (S) receiving the control chow and drinking 30% sucrose ad libitum and (HQ fed a high-carbohydrate diet ad libitum. The first experiment showed that food consumption, energy intake and body weight increased with increasing age, while specific rate of body mass gain was significantly decreased. There were no significant differences in body length and thoracic circumference of rats from 60 days of age. The abdominal circumference (AC) and body mass index (BMI) significantly increased with enhancing age in rats up to 90 days of age and remained constant thereafter. In the second experiment, after 30 days of dietary treatment, the final body weight, body mass gain, carcass fat and BMI were higher in S and HC rats than in C. There were no significant alterations in body length and carcass protein among the groups. Triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (CT), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lipid hydroperoxide (LH) were higher in S and HC rats than in C. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased in HC rats and total antioxidant substances (TAS) decreased in S and HC rats. There were positive correlations between BMI with carcass fat, BMI with LH and BMI and serum TG concentration. In conclusion, the BMI for male adult Wistar rats ranged between 0.45 and 0.68 g/cm(2). Obesity may be easily estimated from the BMI in rats. Alterations in BMI were associated with dyslipidemic profile and oxidative stress in serum of rats and BMI may predict these adverse consequences of the obesity in rats.

Microsatellite analysis of pacu broodstocks used in the stocking program of Paranapanema River, Brazil

O monitoramento da diversidade genética é fundamental em um programa de repovoamento. Avaliouse a diversidade genética de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) em duas estações de piscicultura em Andirá -Paraná, Brasil, utilizadas no programa de repovoamento do Rio Paranapanema. Foram amplificados seis loci microssatélite para avaliar 60 amostras de nadadeira. O estoque de reprodutores B apresentou maior número de alelos e heterozigose (alelos: 22 e H O: 0,628) que o estoque de reprodutores A (alelos: 21 e H O: 0,600). Alelos com baixos níveis de frequência foram observados nos dois estoques. Os coeficientes positivos de endogamia no locus Pme2 (estoque A: F IS = 0,30 e estoque B: F IS = 0,20), Pme5 (estoque B: F IS = 0,15), Pme14 (estoque A: F IS = 0,07) e Pme28 (estoque A: F IS = 0,24 e estoque B: F IS = 0,20), indicaram deficiência de heterozigotos. Foi detectada a presença de um alelo nulo no lócus Pme2. As estimativas negativas nos loci Pme4 (estoque A: F IS = -0,43 e estoque B: F IS= -0,37), Pme5 (estoque A: F IS = - 0,11), Pme14 (estoque B: F IS = - 0,15) e Pme32 (estoque A: F IS = - 0,93 e estoque B: F IS = - 0,60) foram indicativas de excesso de heterozigotos. Foi evidenciado desequilíbrio de ligação e riqueza alélica baixa só no estoque A. A diversidade genética de Nei foi alta nos dois estoques. A distância (0,085) e identidade (0,918) genética mostraram similaridade entre os estoques, o qual reflete uma possível origem comum. 6,05% da variância genética total foi devida a diferenças entre os estoques. Foi observado um recente efeito gargalo nos dois estoques. Os resultados indicaram uma alta diversidade genética nos estoques de reprodutores e baixa diferenciação genética entre eles, o que foi causado pelo manejo reprodutivo das pisciculturas, redução do tamanho populacional e intercâmbio genético entre as pisciculturas.

Effect of obesity on rat reproduction and on the development of their adult offspring

The aim of the present study was to assess the reproductive parameters of obese Wistar rats and to determine the frequency of their obese adult offspring. Neonatal rats were divided into two groups: F-1 generation, induced to obesity by monosodium glutamate (MSG; F(1)MSG, N = 30), and rats given saline (F1CON, N = 13). At 90 days of age all animals were mated, producing the F-2 offspring (F2CON, N = 28; F(2)MSG, N = 15). Reproductive parameters (fertility, pregnancy, and delivery indexes) were evaluated in F-1 rats. F-2 newborns were weighed, and the obesity parameter for F-1 and F-2 generations was determined from months 5 to 7 of life. At month 7, periovarian fat was weighed and no differences were found. Mean newborn weight also did not differ. The F-1 and F(2)MSG groups presented approximately 90% of obese rats since month 5 of life, whereas F-1 and F2CON groups presented only 33%. There was no difference in periovarian weight among groups. Although obesity did not affect reproductive parameters, obese dams (F(1)MSG) were responsible for the appearance of obesity in the subsequent generation. Thus, obesity induced by neonatal MSG administration did not interfere with reproduction, but did provide a viable model for obesity in second-generation adult Wistar rats. This model might contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in transgenerational obesity.

A multidisciplinary program of preparation for childbirth and motherhood: maternal anxiety and perinatal outcomes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Implications of obesity for tendon structure, ultrastructure and biochemistry: A study on Zucker rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)