156 resultados para Average treatment effect
em Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho"
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different heat-treatment strategies for a ceramic primer on the shear bond strength of a 10-methacryloyloxydecyl-dihydrogen-phosphate (MDP)-based resin cement to a yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramic. Specimens measuring 4.5 x 3.5 x 4.5 mm(3) were produced from Y-TZP presintered cubes and embedded in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Following finishing, the specimens were cleaned using an ultrasound device and distilled water and randomly divided into 10 experimental groups (n=14) according to the heat treatment of the ceramic primer and aging condition. The strategies used for the experimental groups were: GC (control), without primer; G20, primer application at ambient temperature (20 degrees C); G45, primer application + heat treatment at 45 degrees C; G79, primer application + heat treatment at 79 degrees C; and G100, primer application + heat treatment at 100 degrees C. The specimens from the aging groups were submitted to thermal cycling (6000 cycles, 5 degrees C/55 degrees C, 30 seconds per bath) after 24 hours. A cylinder of MDP-based resin cement (2.4 mm in diameter) was constructed on the ceramic surface of the specimens of each experimental group and stored for 24 hours at 37 degrees C. The specimens were submitted to a shear bond strength test (n=14). Thermal gravimetric analysis was performed on the ceramic primer. The data obtained were statistically analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test (alpha=0.05). The experimental group G79 without aging (7.23 +/- 2.87 MPa) presented a significantly higher mean than the other experimental groups without aging (GC: 2.81 +/- 1.5 MPa; G20: 3.38 +/- 2.21 MPa; G100: 3.96 +/- 1.57 MPa), showing no difference from G45 only (G45: 6 +/- 3.63 MPa). All specimens of the aging groups debonded during thermocycling and were considered to present zero bond strength for the statistical analyses. In conclusion, heat treatment of the metal/zirconia primer improved bond strength under the initial condition but did not promote stable bonding under the aging condition.
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Mechanical strength of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibres and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) matrix composites were studied with particular interest on the effects of oxygen and argon plasma treated fibres. PET. fibres were treated in a radio frequency plasma reactor using argon or oxygen for different treatment times to increase the interface adhesion. Fibre volume fraction was measured through digital image analysis. Elastic moduli resulted between 3 GPa for untreated to 6 GPa for treated composites. Tensile tests on PET fibres showed that plasma treatment caused a decrease in average tensile strength compared to untreated fibres. Fracture analysis confirmed the increase in interfacial adhesion due to plasma treatment. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravaginal electrical stimulation (IES) on pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength in patients with mixed urinary incontinence (MUI). Between January 2001 and February 2002, 40 MUI women (mean age: 48 years) were studied. Urge incontinence was the predominant symptom; 92.5% also presented mild stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Selection criteria were clinical history and urodynamics. Pre-treatment urodynamic study showed no statistical differences between the groups. Ten percent of the women in each group had involuntary detrusor contractions. Patients were randomly distributed, in a double-blind study, into two groups. Group G 1 (n=20), effective IES, and group G2 (n=20), sham IES, with follow-up at 1 month. The following parameters were studied: (1) clinical questionnaire, (2) examiner's evaluation of perineal muscle strength, (3) objective evaluation of perineal muscle by perineometry, (4) vaginal weight test, and (5) urodynamic study. The IES protocol consisted of three 20-min sessions per week over a 7-week period using a Dualpex Uro 996 at 4 Hz. There was no statistically significant difference in the demographic data of both groups. The number of micturitions per 24 h after treatment was reduced significantly in both groups. Urge incontinence, present in all patients before treatment, was reduced to 15% in G1 and 31.5% in G2 post-treatment. The subjective evaluation of PFM strength demonstrated a significant improvement in G1. Objective evaluation of PFM force by perineometer showed a significant improvement in maximum peak contraction post-treatment in both groups. In the vaginal weight test, there was a significant increase in average number of cone retentions post-treatment in both groups. With regard to satisfaction level, after treatment, 80% of the patients in G1 and 65% of the patients in G2 were satisfied. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups. There was a significant improvement in PFM strength from both effective and sham electrostimulation, questioning the effectiveness of electrostimulation as a monotherapy in treating MUI.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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This study evaluated the effect of denture base polymer type (heat- and microwave-polymerized), ridge lap surface treatment (with and without methyl methacrylate-MMA etching) and thermocycling on the microtensile bond strength (mTBS) of Biotone acrylic teeth. Flat-ground, ridge-lap surface of posterior artifcial teeth were bonded to cylinders of each denture base resin, resulting in the following groups (n=6): G1a - Clássico/with MMA etching; G1b - Clássico/without MMA etching; G2a - OndaCryl/with MMA etching; G2b - OndaCryl/without MMA etching. Rectangular bar specimens with a cross-sectional area of 1 mm 2 were prepared. Half of the bars in each group were thermocycled (5,000 cycles between 4°C and 60°C). mTBS testing was performed in an universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed statistically by three-way ANOVA (a=0.05). There was no statisti-caly signifcant difference (p>0.05) for the factors (resin, surface treatment,and thermocycling) or their interactions. The mean mTBS values (MPa) and standard deviations were as follows: Thermocycling - G1a: 41.00 (14.00); G1b: 31.00 (17.00); G2a: 50.00 (27.00); G2b: 40.00 (18.00); No thermocycling - G1a: 37.00 (14.00); G1b: 43.00 (25.00); G2a: 43.00 (14.00); G2b: 40.00 (27.00). The mTBS of Biotone artifcial teeth to the denture base acrylic resins was not infuenced by the polymer type, surface treatment or thermocycling.
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Objetivou-se, com este estudo, verificar as diferenças nas características da carcaça, assim como nos parâmetros qualitativos da carne de novilhos jovens alimentados com dietas contendo silagem de grão úmido de milho ou sorgo. Foram utilizados dois tratamentos experimentais, nos quais a dieta total possuía como ingrediente energético principal a silagem de grão úmido de milho (TMU) ou a silagem de grão úmido de sorgo (TSU). Trinta e seis novilhos inteiros F1 Red Angus ´ Nelore com 8 meses de idade e peso médio inicial de 240 kg foram alimentados durante 172 dias e abatidos em seguida. O experimento foi conduzido em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Houve similaridade para o ganho de peso diário, ganho de peso total e peso final de abate. Não foi verificada diferença para o rendimento de carcaça, assim como para os rendimentos de dianteiro, traseiro e ponta de agulha. Os tratamentos TMU e TSU não afetaram os escores para cor, conformação e acabamento de gordura da carcaça. Marmorização, área de olho-de-lombo, espessura de gordura subcutânea e gordura perirenal, assim como as avaliações químicas da carne (proteína bruta e lipídios totais), também não diferiram entre os tratamentos. As dietas experimentais não afetaram a maciez da carne, assim como as perdas físicas no processo de cozimento (gotejamento e evaporação). Concluiu-se que a substituição integral da silagem de grão úmido de milho pela silagem de grão úmido de sorgo não alterou as características qualitativas e quantitativas da carcaça de bovinos jovens em confinamento.
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Objetivou-se com este estudo verificar diferenças no desempenho de animais jovens alimentados com dietas contendo grão úmido de milho ou sorgo. Utilizaram-se dois tratamentos experimentais, nos quais a dieta total possuía, como ingrediente energético principal, grão úmido de milho (TMU) ou grão úmido de sorgo (TSU). Noventa novilhos inteiros F1 Red Angus ´ Nelore, com 8 meses de idade e 240 kg de peso vivo médio inicial, foram alimentados durante 172 dias e divididos nos dois tratamentos, segundo delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Não foi verificada diferença para ganho de peso diário, ganho de peso total e peso final de abate. Com relação à carcaça, a área de olho-de-lombo, a espessura de gordura subcutânea e a espessura de gordura na garupa também não diferiram estatisticamente entre os tratamentos. Concluiu-se que a substituição integral do TMU pelo TSU não alterou o desempenho de bovinos jovens em confinamento.
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Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a tolerância de híbridos de milho ao isoxaflutole e relacionar estudos de seletividade desse herbicida conduzidos em casa de vegetação com estudos desenvolvidos em campo. em casa de vegetação, o experimento foi conduzido no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, num arranjo fatorial de 23 x 3, sendo o primeiro fator constituído por híbridos de milho e o segundo por doses do herbicida (0, 60 e 120 g ha-1). Após a aplicação do herbicida, avaliou-se a massa seca de parte aérea das plantas. em campo, o experimento foi conduzido no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial de 5 x 3, em que os fatores foram constituídos por cinco híbridos de milho, selecionados a partir dos resultados em casa de vegetação, e três doses herbicidas (0, 60 e 120 g ha-1). Após a aplicação do herbicida, foram avaliados o crescimento e a produtividade dos híbridos. Por meio dos resultados obtidos em casa de vegetação, foi possível agrupar os híbridos em diferentes níveis de tolerância ao herbicida. Com relação à produtividade de grãos, não foi constatada interação significativa entre os híbridos e as doses herbicidas. No entanto, na média de todos os híbridos avaliados, houve efeito negativo do isoxaflutole na dose de 120 g ha-1 sobre a produtividade do milho. Assim, ao avaliar a seletividade do isoxaflutole em híbridos de milho, é necessária a etapa de campo para verificar se os tratamentos herbicidas têm influência sobre a produtividade de grãos.
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Avaliaram-se os efeitos da suplementação concentrada de novilhos, durante o período das águas, sobre o desempenho e características da carcaça. Foram utilizados 49 novilhos mestiços, mantidos em pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens. O experimento foi conduzido em três períodos experimentais, segundo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram fornecidos sal mineral (SAL), suplementos à base de milho e farelo de soja, com 20% PB, em níveis de 1,0 e 2,0 kg/dia (MFS1 e MFS2), e suplementos à base de farelo de trigo e farelo de soja, com 20% PB, em níveis de 1,0 e 2,0 kg/dia (FTFS1 e FTFS2), fornecidos diariamente. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os tratamentos sobre ganho de peso médio diário (GMD) e ganho total (GDP Total). Os GMD foram: 0,887; 0,936; 1,047; 0,943; e 1,012 kg/animal/dia, respectivamente, para os tratamentos SAL, MFS1, MFS2, FTFS1 e FTFS2. Os animais submetidos aos diferentes tratamentos não exibiram diferenças nas características físicas e químicas da carcaça. Não houve diferenças quanto ao rendimento de carcaça dos novilhos dos diferentes tratamentos, que foi, em média, de 52,19%.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Objective: To systematically review the scientific evidence pertaining to the effectiveness of high-pull headgear in growing Class II subjects. Methods: A literature survey was performed by electronic database search. The survey covered the period from January 1966 to December 2008 and used Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Articles were initially selected based on their titles and abstracts; the full articles were then retrieved. The inclusion criteria included growing subjects between 8 to 15 years of age, Class II malocclusion treatment with high-pull headgear, and a control group with Class II malocclusion. References from selected articles were hand-searched for additional publications. Selected studies were evaluated methodologically. Results: Four articles were selected; none were randomized controlled trials. All of the articles clearly formulated their objectives and used appropriate measures. The studies showed that high-pull headgear treatment improves skeletal and dental relationship, distal displacement of the maxilla, vertical eruption control and upper molars distalization. One of the studies showed a slight clockwise rotation of the palatal plane; the others showed no significant treatment effect. The mandible was not affected by the treatment. Conclusion: While there is still a lack of strong evidence demonstrating the effects of high-pull headgear with a splint, other studies indicate that the AP relations improve due to distalization of the maxilla and upper molars, with little or no treatment effects in the mandible. Greater attention to the design should be given to improve the quality of such trials. © 2013 Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)