289 resultados para trabalhadores rurais
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Os objetivos do estudo foram descrever a prevalência de hipertensão arterial (HA) e verificar os efeitos que a idade e indicadores de obesidade provocam na pressão arterial (PA) de trabalhadores de uma indústria de balas e gomas. Para tanto a PA sistólica (PAS), PA diastólica (PAD), as medidas de massa corporal (MC), estatura e circunferência de cintura (CC) foram obtidas de 348 trabalhadores voluntários (243 homens e 105 mulheres). A prevalência de HA na amostra foi 8,9% (31 casos) e mais comum nos homens do que nas mulheres (7,2% vs 1,7%). Entre os hipertensos a idade (PAS r=0,43) e a MC (PAD r=0,39) demonstraram correlação (r) positiva e significativa, apesar de baixa. Por sua vez entre os normotensos (317) e o grupo total (348), a idade e todos os indicadores de obesidade (MC, IMC, CC) apresentaram correlação baixa, porém significativa e positiva com os valores de PAS, PAD e PA média (PAM) (r=0,23 a r=0,47). Adicionalmente a análise estatística revelou que homens e mulheres com HA são mais velhos e obesos do que seus pares normotensos. Exceto para a idade e o sexo, que são fatores de risco não modificáveis, os indicadores de obesidade possuem forte associação com hábitos e comportamentos de risco e, portanto, passíveis de prevenção.
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Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar a importância da metodologia sistêmica em pesquisas nas Ciências Humanas, em especial na Geografia Agrária, através da avaliação das alterações socioeconômicas e territoriais dos assentamentos rurais. O artigo foi divido em partes, primeiro foi realizado um estudo teórico da metodologia sistêmica e em seguida, a aplicação dessa metodologia para avaliar os impactos da territorialização dos assentamentos rurais, na organização espacial de Candiota no estado do Rio Grande do Sul.
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Pesquisou-se a presença de anticorpos contra Borrelia burgdorferi latu sensu em cães de áreas rurais de sete municípios do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, pelo ensaio imunoenzimático indireto, associando-se os resultados com a presença de carrapatos nestes animais. de 199 cães examinados, 15,58% estavam positivos, com títulos que variaram de 400 (13,57%) a 1600 (0,5%). Os casos positivos se distribuíram uniformemente nos sete municípios. Não houve diferença estatística (P > 0,05) de soropositivos entre as faixas etárias dos cães acima de seis meses. Carrapatos foram encontrados e coletados em 71 (35,68%) cães, dos quais 24,1% estavam infestados com Amblyomma cajennense, 13,6% com Rhipicephalus sanguineus, 2,5% com Amblyomma aureolatum e 1,5% com Amblyomma ovale. Dos animais soropositivos para B. burgdorferi, 38,7% apresentavam A. cajennense e 22,6% apresentavam R. sanguineus, não havendo, entretanto, correlação positiva entre a presença do carrapato e sorologia positiva.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi comparar o desempenho em testes de força estática entre trabalhadores hipertensos e normotensos, seguindo a hipótese dos hipertensos apresentarem menor força que os normotensos. MÉTODOS: Participaram da pesquisa 354 trabalhadores (246 homens e 108 mulheres), que foram submetidos a medidas de estatura, massa corporal, circunferência de cintura, aferição da pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica e a testes de preensão manual direita e esquerda, força escapular e lombar. As avaliações ocorreram em três dias nos três períodos, em uma indústria de balas e doces em Rio Claro - SP. As leituras da pressão arterial respeitaram um intervalo de 10 minutos cada, com o indivíduo sentado. Para os testes de força, inicialmente uma familiarização foi proporcionada aos trabalhadores, posteriormente foi registrado o maior valor após duas tentativas de cada teste. RESULTADOS: Os indivíduos hipertensos apresentaram valores superiores significativamente para idade, massa corporal, índice de massa corporal e circunferência de cintura, em comparação aos normotensos. No desempenho em testes de força, os hipertensos não diferiram significativamente dos normotensos, porém, essa diferença foi notada quando comparados grupos divididos pelo índice de massa corporal. O grupo obesidade teve valores superiores ao grupo peso normal/sobrepeso entre normotensos, mas não entre os hipertensos. Já na comparação intragênero, não houve diferenças significativas para os testes de força estática. CONCLUSÃO: Os trabalhadores normotensos e hipertensos não demonstraram diferenças significativas no desempenho de força muscular estática, porém, a massa corporal e gênero parecem afetar a relação entre força muscular e pressão arterial.
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OBJETIVO: Analisar o comportamento de pressão arterial (PA) e a freqüência cardíaca (Fc) de indivíduos ao longo da jornada de trabalho em dois ambientes com estresses ambientais distintos. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 46 funcionários, trabalhadores de uma indústria processadora de madeira, de Botucatu, SP, sendo 27 funcionários da linha de produção (esforço físico moderado-intenso, altas temperaturas e elevados níveis de ruído) (G1), e 19 da administração (sem esforço físico, salas aclimatadas, baixos níveis de ruído) (G2). Todos foram submetidos a avaliação antropométrica da composição corporal (obesidade e adiposidade) e bioquímica do sangue (lipidemia) e, adicionalmente, o registro da PA e da Fc em três momentos do turno de serviço: início, meio e fim. RESULTADOS: Houve semelhança na variação da PA entre G1 e G2, mas com maiores elevações de PA e Fc em G1. Os resultados mostraram grande variabilidade na resposta da PA, levando à subdivisão dos grupos G1 e G2 em respondedores (GR, aumento maior de 10% na PA média) e não respondedores (GN). Os subgrupos GR e GN apresentaram semelhanças nos padrões antropométrico e bioquímico diferindo apenas na resposta pressórica e no caso do GR1 na história familiar de hipertensão. Comparando os subgrupos GR1 e GR2, foi constatado que os primeiros apresentaram maiores variações de PA e Fc que os segundos. CONCLUSÕES: A variação individual da resposta pressórica e da Fc conforme o tipo de estresse ambiental indica ser este um fator adicional a ser considerado na avaliação da pressão arterial e, talvez, na gênese da hipertensão arterial de operários.
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Colegio Isabel was a project that aimed to "civilize" the indigenous children who lived in the Vale do Araguaia region, Goias Province, to educate national workers and, progressively, incorporate the lands owned by the Indians in the productive process. Colegio Isabel allowed its students a marginal integration in the society, assigning them functions that the so called "civilized" people considered degrading. The egress students lived an ambiguous and marginal life, regarding the original ethnic groups and the adopted society.
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This is a cross-sectional study with a randomized choice of individuals aiming at studying the validity of the Brazilian biological exposure limits applied to lead level in the blood (PbB) and delta-aminolevulinic acid in the urine (ALAU), which are 60 μg/dl and 10 mg/g.creat., respectively. For this purpose, twenty workers, whose PbB and ALAU values have been below these limits over the past two years, were selected at random at a battery production plant in the State of S. Paulo, Brazil. The workers were submitted to a peripheral nerve conduction study. The results were compared with those obtained for workers of a control group also chosen at random. The lead workers showed a decrease in the velocity conduction of the radial nerves. Comparing this group with a randomized control group, a significant difference was observed (p-value = 0.0067). The results suggest that the Brazilian biological exposure limits above should be rearranged.
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This is a cross-sectional study with a randomized choice of individuals aiming at studying the validity of the Brazilian biological exposure limits applied to lead level in the blood (PbB) and delta-aminolevulinic acid in the urine (ALAU), which are 60 μ/dl and 10 mg/g.creat., respectively. Thus, twenty workers, whose PbB and ALAU values have been below these limits over the past two years, were selected at random at a battery plant in the State of S. Paulo, Brazil. The workers were submitted to a variation of the WHO Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery. The results were compared with those obtained for workers of a control group also chosen at random. The lead workers showed memory, mood and motor coordination disorders. Comparing these results with those obtained from the control group, a significant difference was observed (p-value < 0.02). The results indicate that the Brazilian biological exposure limits above should be reconsidered.
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This study's goal was to caryy out an ethnobotanical survey focusing on the knowledge and use of medicinal plants within two rural communities (Marambaia and Camboinha), which are situated in an Environmental Protection Area in Atlantic Forest of Southern Bahia, Brazil. These communities use medicinal plants as an important therapeutic activity, which permits the rural inhabitants to be self-sufficient regarding health care. Data were collected through interviews with 26 families (24% of the total). The medicinal plants collected (98 species) were catalogued, identified and deposited at the Herbarium Rio Clarense (HRCB). They belong to 40 families so that Lamiaceae was the most cited. The majority of these species (78%) are cultivated, usually in backyards by local inhabitants. The leaf is the most common part of the plant used in medicinal preparations. The species with the greatest number of citations were Chenopodium ambrosioides L. and Lippia alba (Mill) N.E. Br. These species are also associated with the highest number of therapeutic uses. Use agreement and diversity index from this survey were compared to other surveys conducted in Brazilian Tropical Forests.
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Hearing loss and tinnitus impact the lives of workers in every instance of their lives. Aim: this paper aims to investigate the existence of a dose-response relationship between hearing loss and tinnitus by determining whether higher levels of hearing loss can be associated with increased tinnitus-related discomfort. Materials and method: this cross-sectional case study assessed 284 workers exposed to occupational noise through pure tone audiometry. Test results were categorized as defined by Merluzzi. Individuals complaining of tinnitus answered the adapted and validated Brazilian Portuguese version of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. A generalized linear model was adjusted for binomial data to test the interaction between these factors. Results: over 60% of the ears analyzed had hearing loss, while more than 46% of them had tinnitus. Tinnitus prevalence and risk rates increased as pure tone audiometry results got worse. The association between both, considering all hearing loss degrees, was statistically significant. Conclusion: the results point to a statistical association between hearing loss and tinnitus; the greater the hearing loss, the greater the discomfort introduced by tinnitus. 2009 © Revista Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia.
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This article intends to provide a typology of the families that are settled in the region of Andradina (Sao Paulo state), according to the main production and commercialization systems and to the presence (or not) of agricultural income diversification. The empiric data used to form the groups originate from socioeconomic questionnaires that had been applied to 169 families of eight rural settlements and also from 80 interviews. The groups were compared with each other, starting from the family's profile; patrimony; credit and technical support; self-consumption production; and the lot's external income. The strategy to increase the production and the productivity (dairy cattle) is limited to less than a quarter of the producers, however different strategies had been used by families, such as the diversification of the agricultural income and the direct sale to the consumer or to the retail trade. The association of the production diversification with the use, in a regular way, of differentiated channels of commercialization demonstrated a strategy capable to approximate the indicators of this type of producer comparing with those that focused on increasing the production and the productivity. This verification is important because, even though there is no necessary contradiction among both strategies, a part of the families does not have resources, infrastructure and/or technical qualification to follow the way of the productive intensification and others do not have this project as a priority.
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The agricultural unpaved roads are important road structures for the economic and social agricultural development of the Nation, and the erosion provoked by rain water in the road bed and sides are closely related to bad draining, one of the main factors for their degradation. In order to make the draining system adequate, it is necessary to know about erodibility, infiltration capacity of water in the ground and adoption of mechanical slope abatement with grid elevation and water interception. This study presents drainage model through the construction of terraces with gradient transversally associated to the capitation basin in abruptic red dystrophic argisol soils, medium sandy texture, based on slops abatement techniques, elevating the road bed and deviating flow. The grain sized fractions of this ground (sand, silt, clay) and the aggregate stability indicated that this ground, under anthropic action, presents erosive processes resulting in superficial draining with ground hauling, sanding sources and courses of water situation below roads, providing great environmental impacts in the hydric bodies. The reduction of erosion problems in these unpaved roads is in the adoption of measures that intercept waters from the draining of their stream bed itself, as well as pluvial waters comings from adjacent areas of contribution, that are collected and conducted to inlaid terraces and capitation basis.
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The objective of this study was to conduct an inventory of food plants cultivated and collected from the native and ruderal vegetation in the Atlantic Forest region by the rural population residing in the Santa Virginia Nucleus of the Serra do Mar State Park (Puruba and Guaricanga neighborhoods) and surroundings (Vargem Grande neighborhood). The 23 interviewees were sampled to meet the following criteria: originating from the rural area of the municipalities where the Nucleus is located; more than 45 years old; close familiarity with working the land. A total of 146 botanical species were identified, distributed among 43 botanical families, with the families Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae being the most represented and basically horticultural. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness were 1.90 (base 10) and 0.95, respectively, for the group residing in the Nucleus and 1.97 and 0.92 for the population located in the area surrounding the Nucleus. The two groups of neighborhoods presented similarity regarding the food plants cited (75%), and about 17% of the plants cited are native to the Atlantic Forest. We found significant richness and variety of species cultivated in the yards and fields which serve to complement the diet, which is composed mainly of items purchased at local businesses. The rural communities studied revealed themselves to be an important germplasm conservation system for cultivated plants, with 96 ethnovarieties identified for 12 botanical species, most of which are kept in the communities.
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Adoption of technology. Farm management. Beef cattle breeding. Information technology.This research is aimed to study the use and the diffusion of IT in the beef cattle breeding from the analysis of the factors that have influenced its adoption as well as to describe resources, procedures, and necessary actions for IT operation using case studies in rural properties classified by the innovativeness degree. This study was carried out in two stages, quantitative and qualitative. In the first stage, a survey with producers was conducted. Information concerning the different technologies adopted enabled to identify the level of innovativeness of those producers. They were classified according to the similarities of the technological position. The second stage analyzed experiences, opinions, and perspectives regarding the technology integrated to the productive system. Two rural cattle breeding farms were analyzed in each category through personal interviews totalizing ten case studies. The results indicated the reasons for the adoption or rejection of a certain IT by the producers allowing for the identification of the reasons why some producers have adopted it more quickly than others. It was possible to understand the rural organization modifications due to IT adoption, for example, managerial skills improvements. In general, the processes have been improved and become easier bringing positive effects to several areas including human resources and the enterprise's image in the market.