Coincidence of flowering time and the productivity and quality of cauliflower hybrid seeds

A falta de sincronismo de florescimento entre as linhagens auto incompatíveis em um campo de produção de sementes híbridas de couve flor pode além de reduzir a produção de sementes comprometer a pureza genética das mesmas. Com o objetivo de estudar o efeito da coincidência de florescimento entre linhagens de couve-flor na produtividade e qualidade de sementes híbridas, foi realizado o presente experimento. Os tratamentos consistiram em seis diferentes épocas de semeadura, espaçadas a cada quinze dias, de uma linhagem de verão auto-incompatível que foi polinizada por uma linhagem de inverno que não apresenta auto-incompatibilidade. Observou-se a coincidência do florescimento das diferentes épocas de semeadura com a linhagem polinizadora. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: área foliar média, número de flores por planta, número de síliqüas por planta, número de sementes por planta (peso e número), peso médio de 1000 sementes e foi determinado o número de sementes por síliqüa. Foi realizado ainda, o teste padrão de germinação e determinada a pureza genética das sementes para cada tratamento. A coincidência da época de florescimento entre as linhagens de couve-flor afetou diretamente a produtividade e a qualidade genética das sementes híbridas produzidas, sendo que, quanto maior foi o nível de coincidência, maior foi o número de sementes formadas por síliqüa e menor a percentagem de sementes contaminantes. Entretanto, não teve influência na qualidade fisiológica das mesmas.

Importância dos fatores não-tecnológicos na implementação do CPFR

De acordo com o Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards [VICS], o Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment [CPFR] se baseia na padronização, registro e sincronização de dados eletronicamente, apoiado pela gestão colaborativa existente entre as empresas (VICS, 2004). A partir desta definição, pode-se concluir que existem dois fatores preponderantes na implementação do CPFR: um essencialmente tecnológico e outro não-tecnológico. Nesse contexto, o propósito principal deste estudo é identificar na literatura os chamados fatores não tecnológicos que envolvem o CPFR e analisá-los em situações reais. A importância desses fatores é analisada, então, por meio do estudo de dois casos reais de implementação do CPFR, respectivamente, em uma grande rede de fast food e em um grande distribuidor de alimentos, que operam no Brasil. Os resultados destacam, principalmente, que a previsão da demanda realizada pela empresa coordenadora do CPFR é preponderante sobre o entendimento da demanda por todos os elos da cadeia de suprimentos, que a cultura colaborativa é considerada muito importante no relacionamento ao longo da cadeia (embora não seja determinante para a implementação dos processos) e que o monitoramento das atividades é fundamental para o alinhamento das empresas na gestão do CPFR.

Mandioca e Resíduos das Farinheiras na Alimentação de Ruminantes: pH, Concentração de N-NH3 e Eficiência Microbiana

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a concentração de N-NH3, o pH do líquido ruminal e a eficiência de síntese microbiana de rações que continham diferentes fontes energéticas: milho (MI), milho + casca de mandioca desidratada (MC), raspa de mandioca (RM) e farinha de varredura de mandioca (FV). Foram utilizados quatro novilhos da raça Holandesa (270 kg), portadores de cânulas ruminal e duodenal, distribuídos em um delineamento Quadrado Latino 4x4. A cinza insolúvel em ácido foi utilizada como indicador do fluxo duodenal e fecal. Não houve efeito das rações experimentais no pH ruminal. No entanto, menor concentração de N-NH3 foi observada para a ração com FV. O fluxo duodenal de matéria orgânica e nitrogênio e a composição química das bactérias ruminais não foram influenciados pelas rações experimentais. A maior eficiência microbiana aparente foi obtida para a ração com FV. Nas condições do presente experimento a FV, possivelmente apresentou uma melhor sincronização com a fonte protéica (farelo de soja), diminuindo a perda de nitrogênio na forma de N-NH3 e aumentando a eficiência microbiana.

NEOCORTICAL SPINDLING DURING WAKEFULNESS IN THE RAT

Neocortical spindling that frequently occurs in rats during wakefulness was studied to evaluate the hypotheses that spindle bursts are either the electrophysiological manifestation of a short-lasting sleep episode that briefly interrupts wakefulness (due to an urge to sleep) or a short decrease of the vigilance level. In order to evaluate sleep need, the latency to the onset of natural sleep, the percentual composition of the sleep-wakefulness cycles, and the durations and intervals of desynchronized sleep episodes were determined in six male Wistar rats weighing 250-350 g and having chronically implanted electrodes for frontal electrocorticogram and cervical electromyogram. These animals were selected on the basis of spindling manifestation during wakefulness. The occurrence of spindling during a period of repeated painful tail-pinching was subsequently measured to determine the vigilance level in the same animals. Two rats were also studied during forced immobilization for the same purpose. Sleep parameters were found to be normal in all rats studied, thus excluding the hypothesis that spindling in wakefulness is a manifestation of a high sleep need. Spindling also occurred in both situations requiring a high level of vigilance (frequent tail-pinching and forced immobilization). Natural sleep cycles never started with this type of spindling, which is not related to the typical synchronization patterns of synchronized deep, the frequency of the potentials that make up spindles in wakefulness were systematically 1 to 2 Hz lower than those of synchronized sleep in all animals studied. The possibility that spindling during wakefulness may be associated to brief episodes of distraction is discussed.

Urocortin in the central nervous system of a primate (Cebus apella): Sequencing, immunohistochemical, and hybridization histochemical characterization

The urocortin (UCN)-like immunoreactivity and UCN mRNA distribution in various regions of the nonprimate mammalian brain have been reported. However, the Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EW) appears to be the only brain site where UCN expression is conserved across species. Although UCN peptides are present throughout vertebrate phylogeny, the functional roles of both UCN and EW remain poorly understood. Therefore, a study focused on UCN system organization in the primate brain is warranted. By using immunohistochemistry (single and double labeling) and in situ hybridization, we have characterized the organization of UCN-expressing cells and fibers in the central nervous system and pituitary of the capuchin monkey (Cebus apella). In addition, the sequence of the prepro-UCN was determined to establish the level of structural conservation relative to the human sequence. To understand the relationship of acetylcholine cells in the EW, a colocalization study comparing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and UCN was also performed. The cloned monkey prepro-UCN is 95% identical to the human preprohormone across the matched sequences. By using an antiserum raised against rat UCN and a probe generated from human cDNA, we found that the EW is the dominant site for UCN expression, although UCN mRNA is also expressed in spinal cord lamina IX. Labeled axons and terminals were distributed diffusely throughout many brain regions and along the length of the spinal cord. of particular interest were UCN-immunoreactive inputs to the medial preoptic area, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, the oral part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, the flocculus of the cerebellum, and the spinal cord laminae VII and X. We found no UCN hybridization signal in the pituitary. In addition, we observed no colocalization between ChAT and UCN in EW neurons. Our results support the hypothesis that the UCN system might participate in the control of autonomic, endocrine, and sensorimotor functions in primates.

Effects of dominant follicle aspiration and treatment with recombinant bovine somatotropin (BST) on ovarian follicular development in Nelore (Bos indicus) heifers

Follicle ablation has been recognized as an efficient method of follicular wave synchronization. Treatment with recombinant bovine somatotropin (BST) has been shown to enhance follicular development in <(Bos taurus)under bar>. This experiment assessed the effects of these treatments in Nelore (<(B. indicus)under bar>) heifers. Eight cycling Nelore heifers were randomly assigned to 3 different treatments. on Day 2 of a synchronized cycle (Day 0 = day of ovulation), heifers assigned to Treatments 1 and 2 received 2 mL of saline, whereas heifers assigned to Treatment 3 received 320 mg of BST. on Day 5, the first-wave dominant follicle was ablated by ultrasoundguided transvaginal aspiration in heifers in Treatments 2 and 3, and all heifers received an injection of prostaglandin on Day 11. Aspiration of the dominant follicle advanced and synchronized (P < 0.05) the day of second-wave emergence (6.9 +/- 0.1 vs. 8.4 +/- 0.4) and the day of the pre-wave FSH peak (6.0 +/- 0.0 vs. 6.9 +/- 0.4), and increased FSH peak concentrations (381 +/- 21 vs. 292 +/- 30; pg/mL; P < 0.01). Recombinant bovine somatotropin treatment caused a two-fold increase in plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations (P < 0.001) and resulted in a 36% increase in the number of small follicles (<5 mm; P < 0.001) compared with saline-treated heifers. In summary, in agreement with previous reports on <(B. taurus)under bar>, dominant follicle aspiration synchronized ovarian follicular development, and BST treatment increased peripheral concentrations of IGF-I in Nelore heifers. Recombinant bovine somatotropin also increased the number of small follicles, but this response appeared to be inferior to that reported for <(B. taurus)under bar>. (C) 2000 by Elsevier B.V.

Effects of temporary calf removal and eCG on pregnancy rates to timed-insemination in progesterone-treated postpartum Nellore cows

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

On the role of synchrony for neuron-astrocyte interactions and perceptual conscious processing

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A transactional runtime system for the Cell/BE architecture

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Spin-orbit coupling for tidally evolving super-Earths

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Communication and synchronized molting in a colonial araneid spider, Eriophora bistriata

The colonial orb-weaving spider, Eriophora bistriata, coordinates molting cycles through communication. Colonies with differing molting cycles synchronize when combined. Intercycle intervals depend upon food availability. The possible coordination of this synchrony by chemical communication among spiders is discussed. © 1988 Birkhäuser Verlag Basel.

Coherent atomic oscillations and resonances between coupled Bose-Einstein condensates with time-dependent trapping potential

The atomic tunneling between two tunnel-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in a double-well time-dependent trap was studied. For the slowly varying trap, synchronization of oscillations of the trap with oscillations of the relative population was predicted. Using the Melnikov approach, the appearance of the chaotic oscillations in the tunneling phenomena between the condensates was confirmed.

N-methyl-D-aspartate channel and consciousness: From signal coincidence detection to quantum computing

Research on Blindsight, Neglect/Extinction and Phantom limb syndromes, as well as electrical measurements of mammalian brain activity, have suggested the dependence of vivid perception on both incoming sensory information at primary sensory cortex and reentrant information from associative cortex. Coherence between incoming and reentrant signals seems to be a necessary condition for (conscious) perception. General reticular activating system and local electrical synchronization are some of the tools used by the brain to establish coarse coherence at the sensory cortex, upon which biochemical processes are coordinated. Besides electrical synchrony and chemical modulation at the synapse, a central mechanism supporting such a coherence is the N-methyl-D-aspartate channel, working as a 'coincidence detector' for an incoming signal causing the depolarization necessary to remove Mg 2+, and reentrant information releasing the glutamate that finally prompts Ca 2+ entry. We propose that a signal transduction pathway activated by Ca 2+ entry into cortical neurons is in charge of triggering a quantum computational process that accelerates inter-neuronal communication, thus solving systemic conflict and supporting the unity of consciousness. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Development of a low-cost mobile mapping system: A South American experience

This paper presents the prototype of a low-cost terrestrial mobile mapping system (MMS) composed of a van, two digital video cameras, two GPS receivers, a notebook computer, and a sound frame synchronisation system. The imaging sensors are mounted as a stereo video camera on top of the vehicle together with the GPS antennae. The GPS receivers and the notebook computer are configured to record data referred to the vehicle position at a planned time interval. This position is subsequently transferred to the road images. This set of equipment and methods provide the opportunity to merge distinct techniques to make topographic maps and also to build georeferenced road image databases. Both vector maps and raster image databases, when integrated appropriately, can give spatial researchers and engineers a new technique whose application may realise better planning and analysis related to the road environment. The experimental results proved that the MMS developed at the São Paulo State University is an effective approach to inspecting road pavements, to map road marks and traffic signs, electric power poles, telephone booths, drain pipes, and many other applications important to people's safety and welfare. A small number of wad images have already been captured by the prototype as a consequence of its application in distinct projects. An efficient organisation of those images and the prompt access to them justify the need for building a georeferenced image database. By expanding it, both at the hardware and software levels, it is possible for engineers to analyse the entire road environment on their office computers.