290 resultados para aleitamento materno exclusivo


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Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem - FC

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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The concern with infant mortality has been a priority in public policies, especially for Brazil to achieve the Millennium Development Goal number four: reducing child mortality by 75% by the year 2015. It is known that prematurity has an intimate relationship with mortality of children under one year and therefore it is necessary an effective intervention in risk factors linked to premature births. To evaluate the profile of mothers and newborn babies living in Botucatu-SP, in the period 2001 to 2009, focusing on prematurity. A quantitative study, retrospective, descriptive, epidemiological, from the Information System Newborn Alive. The prevalence of preterm births was 15.1%, and low birth weight 14.7%. Among infants, the Apgar score below 7 at 1 and at 5 minutes was 13.1% and 2.4% respectively. Considering the total of pregnant women studied, 20.3% were adolescents and 10.3% were aged 35 years or more and most (63.2%) had eight or more years of school approval. The profile of mothers of premature infants shows that 23.6% were teenagers, 14.1% had at least 35 years and 60.4% had at least primary education. With regard to premature deliveries, caesarean sections and 58.4% were between the total newborns, this type of delivery was achieved in 46.6% of cases. Prematurity was associated with an Apgar score below seven in the first and fifth minutes of life, presence of malformation and multiple pregnancy. Among maternal variables, prematurity was associated with extremes of maternal age, maternal education, history of stillbirth, primiparas, white and presence of the mother's partner. With regard to delivery was associated with cesarean section and outside the hospital. This study assessed maternal characteristics associated with prematurity and point out how relevant the pregnancies at the extremes of age and those that occur in women with low education level, indicating the interference... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Objective - At evaluating the IL-10 production in maternal blood and placenta and correlate them with perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by hyperglycemia, or with risk to developing it, differentiated by the glycemic mean (GM < or ≥ 100mg/dL). Method- 186 pregnant women were distributed into groups GM < 100 mg/dL and GM ≥ 100 mg/dL. We evaluated the GM, HbA1c levels, maternal and placental IL-10 and TNF-α and the correlation between placental cytokines and perinatal outcomes. Results - In maternal blood, the lower concentrations of IL-10 (1.01 ± 0.87 vs. 3.08 ± 5.57 pg / mL, p = 0.0019) were observed in GM ≥ 100 mg / dL group. Placental IL-10 was directly correlated with hemoglobin levels (r = 0.63, p = 0.02) and insulin (r = 0.78, p = 0.01) from umbilical cord and with Apgar scores 1 (r = 0.53, p = 0.0095) and Apgar 5 (r = 0.69, p = 0.0003). Conclusion - GM ≥ 100mg/dL was associated with decreased of maternal IL-10. Placental IL-10 was similar in both groups and correlated directly with hemoglobin and insulin and with Apgar scores of 1st. and 5th. minutes

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Objetivo: Considerando o uso indiscriminado de diversas plantas para o tratamento de doenças, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos da Azadirachta indica (Neem) sobre a glicemia e performance reprodutiva materna de ratas normoglicêmicas e com diabete moderado. Material e Método: O diabete foi induzido em ratas fêmeas no dia do nascimento com streptozotocin (100mg/kg de peso corpóreo, via subcutânea). O grupo não-diabético (controle) recebeu como veículo o tampão citrato com dose e via similares ao grupo diabético. Na fase adulta, ratas não-diabéticas e diabéticas foram acasaladas com machos normoglicêmicos. Durante todo o período de prenhez, as ratas foram tratadas com o princípio ativo (Azadirachtina) ou óleo da semente de Azadirachta indica (Neem). As glicemias foram mensuradas nos dias 0, 7, 14 e 20 de prenhez e o teste oral de tolerância à glicose no 17º dia. Ao final da prenhez, foi realizada laparotomia para contagem de fetos vivos e mortos, corpos lúteos, implantações e de reabsorções (mortes embrionárias). Os descendentes foram analisados quanto à presença de anomalias externas e internas (esqueléticas e viscerais). Para limite de significância estatística foi considerado p<0,05. Resultados: Os tratamentos com o óleo e princípio ativo causaram maior intolerância à glicose em ratas diabéticas, prejuízos no desempenho reprodutivo materno e anormalidades esqueléticas e viscerais fetais. Conclusão: Os diferentes tratamentos não apresentaram efeito antidiabético e causaram efeitos adversos no desempenho reprodutivo materno e no desenvolvimento dos fetos. Sendo assim, este estudo mostrou que o uso indiscriminado de plantas medicinais, principalmente por mulheres grávidas, pode ser prejudicial para o desenvolvimento intrauterino

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Objetivo: Examinar o padrão de consumo do tabaco e conhecimentos sobre as doenças relacionadas ao tabaco, assim como identificar os tipos mais populares de mídias entre gestantes para aprimorar estratégias para a prevenção e a cessação do tabagismo entre essas mulheres. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 61 gestantes atendidas em um hospital universitário e em unidades básicas de saúde em Botucatu, SP. A Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão foi aplicada a todas as participantes. Para aquelas com história de tabagismo, também foi aplicado o Teste de Fagerström para Dependência de Nicotina, e foi avaliado o grau de motivação para cessação tabágica nas fumantes. Resultados: Das 61 gestantes avaliadas, 25 (40,9%) eram fumantes (média de idade, 26,4 ± 7,4 anos), 24 (39,3%) eram ex-fumantes (média de idade, 26,4 ± 8,3 anos), e 12 (19,8%) nunca fumaram (média de idade, 25,1 ± 7,2 anos). A exposição passiva foi relatada por 39 gestantes (63,9%). Das 49 fumantes/ex-fumantes, 13 (29,6%) conheciam as consequências pulmonares do tabagismo; somente 2 (4,9%) conheciam os riscos cardiovasculares; 23 (46,9%) acreditavam que fumar não causa nenhum problema para o feto ou o recém-nascido; 21 (42,9%) consumiram álcool durante a gestação; 18 (36,7%) relataram aumento no consumo de cigarros quando bebiam; 25 (51,0%) experimentaram cigarros com sabores; e 12 (24,5%) fumaram narguilé. Entre as 61 gestantes avaliadas, a televisão foi o tipo de mídia mais disponível e favorita (85,2%), assim como a mais preferida (49,2%). Conclusões: Entre gestantes, o fumo ativo, o fumo passivo e o uso de formas alternativas de consumo de tabaco parecem ser altamente prevalentes, e tais mulheres parecem possuir poucos conhecimentos sobre as consequências do uso de tabaco. Programas educacionais que incluam informações sobre as consequências de todas as formas de uso de tabaco, utilizando formatos novos e efetivos para esta população específica, devem ser desenvolvidos para promover a prevenção/cessação do tabagismo entre gestantes. Amostras adicionais para explorar diferenças culturais e regionais são necessárias.

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The diagnosis of hearing loss (HL) in a child constitutes a crisis, includinga possible crash in parental narcissism, requiring an individual, matrimonial andfamiliar reorganization process. The mother is the main figure to devote herselfattending the baby and generally takes the most responsibilities in the processof habilitation or rehabilitation of the child, while still having to deal with her frustratedexpectations and narcissism. This study aims to investigate the effects of a deaf child’s birth on the mother’s narcissism. Here understood as a normal stage of psychosexual development of the human being, needed for life preservation, nota pathology. Five different clinical pratical studies were developed with mothers of deaf children that were diagnosed less than one year ago. The data were collected using individual semi-structured interviews and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). Based on these studies it was found that the birth of a deaf child makes it difficult to obtain the expected narcissist satisfaction. The mother, investing all her affection and longing almost only on her child, hopes to rebuild her dream obtaining the "cure" and "normality" of her baby by submitting him/her to a cochlear implant.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Syphilis in pregnancy is a public health problem, responsible for the high intrauterine mortality rates. This article aims to present a review of historical and epidemiological aspects, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, the treatment of maternal and congenital syphilis, and its perinatal repercussions. The manuscript also describes the Brazilian main policies in public health care for pregnant women with syphilis and for congenital syphilis eradication. The set of words used were “congenital syphilis”, “syphilis in pregnancy” and “syphilis prenatal care”. The databases searched were PubMed (National Library of Medicine - USA), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences), PAHO (Pan American Health Organization), IBECS, and WHOLIS Cochrane Library, from 1980 to 2011. Fifty-six articles were included in this review, 18 institutional technical manuals, two textbooks and 36 articles relating to maternal and congenital syphilis. The present review showed that there is a gap between intention and action needed to control and eradicate the disease especially with regard to the expansion of access, not only in relation to the number of visits recommended male gender, it is important to assess the quality of their content as well as the actions to be carried out between appointments.

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Maternal recognition of pregnancy is a process by which the conceptus signals its presence to the mother in order to prolong the life of the corpus luteum (CL) thus maintaining the pregnancy. This process occurs between days 15 and 19 after fertilization and is the most important biological challenge for obtaining satisfactory reproductive indices in bovine. Interferon-tau (IFN-τ) glycoprotein -secreted in the uterus by the conceptus- has a paracrine action inhibiting the expression of estrogen receptors (ESR1) and oxytocin (OXTR) in the endometrium, thus preventing the release of luteolytic pulses of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α), hormone responsible for the onset of luteolysis. IFN-τ also increases the expression of several interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the uterus, CL, and blood cells. Direct endocrine action of IFN-τ on extrauterine tissues stimulates ISGs expression, which in the corpus luteum seems to be involved with luteal resistance to luteolytic action of PGF2α. This review discusses recent findings on the luteolysis mechanism in the bovine and endocrine and paracrine mechanisms such as IFN-τ during the maternal recognition of pregnancy.

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Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB