Prospecting sugarcane genes involved in aluminum tolerance

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Seleção de métodos para avaliação do cobre disponível nos solos

Fez-se um estudo de seleção de métodos para cobre disponível, empregando-se trinta solos coletados na região de Jaboticabal, SP. Os solos utilizados pertencem aos seguintes grandes grupos: Solos Podzolizados de Lins e Marília, variação Lins e variação Marília, Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro fase arenosa, Latossolo Roxo, e Terra Roxa Estruturada. O cobre dos solos foi extraído através das seguintes soluções extratoras: CaCl2 0,5 M; Mg02 2,0 N; CH3COONH4 1,0 N1 pH 6,0 e pH 4,8; HCl 0,05 N e O,1 N; H2SO4 0,05 N; DTPA 0,005 M pH 7,3 e pH 6,0; EDTA 0,01 M + (NH4)2CO3 1,0 MpH 8,6; EDTA 0,02 M + CH3C0011 0,5 M + CH3COONH4 0,5 M pH 4,65 (AAAc-EDTA); e Na2EDTA 1,0%. Foi realizado ensaio em casa de vegetação, e o milho (Zea mays L.) foi empregado como planta teste. Excluindo-se o extrator CaCl2 0,5 M, todos os demais apresentaram coeficientes de correlação entre cobre extraído do solo e o absorvido pelo milho, significativos e próximos uns dos outros. Assim, com base também em parâmetros como o coeficiente de variação, o coeficiente angular e a praticidade do método, pode-se indicar um dos seguintes extratores para a avaliação do cobre disponível dos solos: DTPA 0,005 M pH 7,3, HCl 0,1 N e Na2EDTA 1,0%.

Doses de zinco em diferentes condições de acidez de um solo de cerrado. II. Nível crítico na planta

In this work it was demanded to verify the zinc critical levels in soybean plants cultivated in a Dark-Red Latosol. So the experiment was carried out in vases with 4 liters of soil, which has received five doses of Zn (0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 ppm) in three correction levels. It was verified that the critical levels of the nutrient in plant (for 90% from highest production) was between 36 and 53 ppm to the dry matter yield and grains in treatments with correction.

Sistemas de preparo de solos de cerrado: efeitos nas propriedades físicas e na cultura do milho

The purpose of this work was to assess the effects of soil preparation methods (with or without subsoiling) on physical properties of a cerrado soil cropped to corn during the, 1986/87 season, in the Selviria county (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil). Also, the objective of this was to check the changes in the soil (dark red latosol-Acrustox) caused by the preparation after nine years of cultivation in comparison with natural state. The experiment consisted of six soil preparation systems: conventional, superpreparation, reversed, revolving hoe, reduced and no-tillage. Along with these systems subsoiling was also tested. The reversed system showed the best com grain yield. Subsoiling only presented positive results in productivity with the no-tillage system. All the preparation system tested degraded the physical properties in comparison with the natural soil.

Seleção de extratores químicos para avaliação da disponibilidade de zinco em solos do estado de São Paulo

The purpose of this study was to evaluate methods for predicting availability of Zn in soils. Surface soil samples representing Podzolized soils from Lins and Marilia var. Marilia and var. Lins, medium texture Dark-Red Latosol, Dusky-Red Latosol and Terra Roxa Estruturada, were gathered from fields in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. Com was used as indicator plant in a greenhouse experiment. Availability of Zn was determined with: 0.5 M CaCl2, 2.0 N MgCl2, N CH3COONH4 (pH 6.0 and 4.8), 0.05 and 0.1 N HCl, 0.05 N H2SO4, 0.005 M DTPA (pH 7.3 and 6.0), 1.0% Na2-EDTA, 0.01 M EDTA + 1.0 M (NH4)2CO3 (pH 8.6) and 0.02 M EDTA + 0.5 M CH3COOH + 0.5 M CH3COONH4. By using the simple correlation coefficients (Zn extracted from soils x absorbed by plants it can be concluded that the complexant agents and acid solutions showed to be efficient. The salt solutions showed low extraction capacity, low correlation coefficients and less accuracy. By considering aspects as accuracy and easy management DTPA pH 7,3 and Na2-EDTA can be indicated as the most apropriates (r values, respectively, 0.873** and 0.868** and V.C. 7.52% and 7.98%).

Resposta do abacaxizeiro 'Vitória' a doses de nitrogênio em solos de tabuleiros costeiros da Paraíba

Informations about fertilization and mineral nutrition of the new fusariosis-resistant pineapple cultivars are still scarce, despite the importance of this crop. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing doses of N on fruit yield and quality of the pineapple cultivar 'Vitoria' grown on a 'Humiluvico Espodossolo' in the region of Tabuleiros Costeiros, in the state of Paraiba. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, using five N doses (100, 200, 300, 500 and 600 kg ha(-1)N, as urea) applied 60, 180 and 270 days after planting (dap) with three replications. The following variables were evaluated: length and fresh matter of the 'D' leaf; contents of N, P and K in the portions with and without chlorophyll, 300 and 420 dap; average weight, yield, physical properties (fruit weight, length and medium diameter; crown weight and length) and chemical properties (pH, soluble solids -SS, titrable acidity - AT, and the SS/AT ratio) of the fruits at harvest. Increasing N doses linearly increased length and fresh matter of the 'D' leaf and N content and decrease both P and K contents of the chlorophyll portion 300 dap, but did not affect nutrient contents 420 dap; in the chlorophyll-free portion. Increasing N doses, also, led to an increase in K contents 320 dap, but to reductions 420 dap. Individual fruit weight and total yield increased with increasing N doses, as maximum values of 1.0 kg and 37.9 t ha(-1) were estimated at doses of 409.0 and 439.0 kg ha(-1) N, respectively. The N doses did not affect the fruit quality properties, which were compatible with the characteristics described for this cultivar.

Atividade microbiana em solos, influenciada por resíduos de algodão e torta de mamona

Microbial activity constitutes a good indicator of soil quality, and is influenced by the addition of carbon in the system serving as a substrate for microorganisms that increase their activity and release of CO2, comprising the edaphic respiration of the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbial activity in different soil types with the addition of cake press of castor bean and cotton textile residue. The study was conducted in a greenhouse at the headquarters of Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Cotton in randomized block design in 4 x 3 factorial arrangement with four replications. At predetermined intervals of 4 days, the containers were opened and the solution of NaOH titrated with HCl 2N in the presence of acid/base indicator phenolphthalein. After reading, the same amount of NaOH was added and the containers were closed again. The difference between the amounts of acid needed to neutralize the sodium hydroxide in a control container and the treatments was equivalent to the amount of carbon dioxide produced by soil microorganisms. It was found that the residues influenced the microbial activity in different soil types, especially in the initial determinations, presenting themselves as good sources for mineralization and nutrient supply, the castor bean proportionating higher cumulative release of CO2 by microorganisms.

Evaluation of the components of production of the ricinus according of rates of calcareous rock and match

The soil of the Paraiba, in generality, are acid and with low levels of available match, seriously limiting the income of the plants. A research in vegetation house was lead, with the objective to evaluate doses of calcareous soil and match in the culture of ricinus. The treatments had been composites for five levels of match: 0.0; 80; 160; 240 and 360 kg ha(-1) of P(2)O(5) and four dosis of calcareous rock: 0.0; 2.5; 3.5 and 4.5 t ha(-1) in experimental delineation of blocks casualized with 4 factorial project x 3 (four levels of match and three doses of calcareous soil) more two treatments you add zero of match (0.0 P(2)O(5): 2,5 t ha(-1) of calcareous soil) and calcareous soil zero (240 P(2)O(5): 0.0 t ha(-1) of calcareous soil), with three repetitions. The calcareous soil reduced the acidity of the ground and effect of the application of the match (>= 80 kg ha(-1) of P(2)O(5)) in the presence of the collagen (>= 2.5 t ha(-1) of CaCO(3)) with of the calcareous soil (>= 2.5 t ha(-1) of CaCO(3)) in the presence of the match was not verified well (>= 80 kg ha(-1) of P(2)O(5)). The match applied in the absence of the calcareous soil was limited to the income of the culture of what the calcareous soil in the absence of the match.

Avaliação da capacidade de infiltração de solos submetidos a diferentes tipos de manejo

Inadequate vegetation and soil management leads to physical changes that affect aquifer recharge. The Araripe Plateau feeds an elevated number of springs on its northern slope; however, there are indications that their yield is decreasing. Through this research, it was studied the infiltration capacity of soils under different types of management. Soil samples from 21 sites were grouped into four groups. Group 1 represents areas of preserved vegetation, the others, anthropized ones. It was observed that soil moisture and infiltration capacity are linearly well correlated with organic matter; mean soil moisture during the dry season was significantly higher for Group 1 than for the other groups, even during the rainy season and anthropized areas show low organic matter contents, soil moisture, and infiltration capacity, indicating modifications in the soil's structure that reduce aquifer recharge.

Caracteristicas gerais e classificacao de solos basalticos da regiao Central do Estado de Sao Paulo.

Giving a special emphasis on soil classification relative to their positions in the landscape, five soil profiles in the Barra Bonita-Jau area were characterized through morphological, granulometric and chemical routine soil analysis. It was observed that the soil structure gradually changes from strong blocks with cutans (lowlands and smooth parts - Jau). In this direction, the silt/clay ratio and the base saturation is reduced, and the aluminium saturation increases. -from English summary

Similaridade geometrica de bacias hidrograficas e o mapeamento de solos.

The following soil classes were identified in the studied area: Quartz Sands (AQ), Yellow Red Podzolic, Dusky Red Latosol (LR), 'Terra Roxa estruturada' (TE), Lithosol substrate sandstone (Lia) and Hidromorphic (Hi). The dimensional analysis method allowed: a) to group the watershed whose percentage (60%) are showing predominance of the same soil (Quartz Sands) and which located in the same relief; b) to group watersheds with different soil classes, but with similar percentages. -from English summary

Mapeamento de solos atraves de imagens de radar e de satelite.

The objective of the present work was the improvement of the methodology for soil mapping through the drainage network with the aid of Landsat data. The drainage network of the area studied was delineated and the soils identified. The main problem of the method has been the characterization of the contact between soil units when it is not abrupt, and in this case field trips and the analysis of the relief has been used to solve doubts.-from English summary

Níveis críticos de fósforo no solo e nas folhas para a implantação de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden, em quatro tipos de solos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Variabilidade espacial da estabilidade de agregados e matéria orgânica em solos de relevos diferentes

Soils submitted to the same management system in places with small relief variation manifest different spatial variability on their attributes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the spatial variability of the geometric medium diameter, aggregates in the >2 mm class, aggregates in the 2-1 mm class and organic matter of an Oxisol under culture of the sugarcane. Samplings of the soil in regular intervals of 10 m, in grid form, totaling 100 points, collected in the depths of 0.0-0.2 m and 0.2-0.4 m were made. Data were submitted to descriptive statistics, geostatistics and in sequence to kriging analyzes. Values of the variation coefficient were low for organic matter in the depth of 0.0-0.2 m, mean in the depth of 0.2-0.4 m, high for geometric medium diameter and mean for aggregates in the >2 mm class, aggregates in the 2-1 mm class in all studied depths. The occurrence of space dependence was observed for all the variables, and the largest ones were observed in the depth of 0.0-0.2 m. Small variations in the forms of the relief condition spatial variability differentiated for organic matter and stability of aggregates in the studied depths.