638 resultados para Prótese e implantes


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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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OBJETIVO: Comparar implantes de polietileno poroso no estado sólido e gel em cavidades enucleadas. MÉTODOS: Trinta e seis coelhos albinos foram submetidos à enucleação do olho direito, recebendo esferas de polietileno poroso (18 animais) ou gel (18 animais), de 12 mm de diâmetro. Os animais foram avaliados semanalmente por exame clínico e mensalmente por ultra-sonografia modo B, realizada 30, 60 e 90 dias após a cirurgia, tendo sido os animais sacrificados aos 90 dias. Após o sacrifício, o conteúdo orbitário foi removido e examinado histologicamente. RESULTADOS: Cinco animais (27,2%) que receberam os implantes de polietileno poroso tiveram extrusão do implante. Houve extrusão em 94,4% dos animais que receberam a esfera de polietileno gel, tendo-se observado que o diâmetro das esferas gel extruídas encontrava-se aumentado em relação ao diâmetro da esfera implantada. A ultra-sonografia mostrou que o implante de polietileno poroso se vascularizou e que o gel não, o que foi confirmado pelo exame histológico. CONCLUSÃO: Esferas de polietileno no estado gel sofrem hidratação e aumentam de volume, sendo necessário conhecer o seu tamanho final antes da implantação. A ultra-sonografia permite conhecer a vascularização do implante, podendo ser usada na avaliação da integração esfera-hospedeiro.

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Objetivo: Apresentar as complicações observadas com esferas de diferentes materiais na reconstrução da cavidade anoftálmica. Métodos: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente 117 portadores de cavidade anoftálmica, com tempo mínimo de seguimento de 6 meses, procurando correlacionar sexo, tipo de esfera utilizada, causa da perda do olho, diâmetro da prótese, tipo de cirurgia e a ocorrência das complicações (deiscências e expulsão da esfera). Resultados: As deiscências ocorreram principalmente com esferas de polímero vegetal. A expulsão da esfera ocorreu mais precocemente nos implantes integráveis e foi mais freqüente com as esferas não-integráveis (PMMA). A esfera de polietileno (Polipore) foi a que apresentou menos probabilidade de complicações. Conclusão: A esfera de polietileno é na atualidade a melhor alternativa para preenchimento da cavidade anoftálmica.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Placa e espaçador de polímero derivado do óleo de mamona (PDOM) (Ricinus communis) foram avaliados clínica, radiográfica e histologicamente na tração linear, fixação e fusão vertebral cervical em 20 cães adultos, sem raça definida, pesando entre 17 e 22kg. Foram sacrificados quatro animais aos 10, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de pós-operatório. Após exposição da coluna cervical, por acesso ventral, o disco intervertebral de C4-C5 foi fenestrado e a abordagem ao canal medular foi feita por meio de fenda óssea. Um espaçador de PDOM foi colocado preenchendo o defeito ósseo. Os corpos vertebrais C4-C5 foram fixados com placa do mesmo material, utilizando-se dois parafusos corticais em cada corpo vertebral. Apenas um animal apresentou déficit neurológico no pós-operatório imediato. Radiograficamente as vértebras mostravam-se normais e alinhadas, sem colapso do espaço intervertebral, porém não houve neoformação óssea entre as vértebras. Ao exame mielográfico, não houve compressão da medula espinhal. Os implantes foram efetivos em manter a tração linear e fixação das vértebras cervicais e não ocorreu a fusão vertebral.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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The objective is to alert the surgeon about the indiscriminate use of synthetic prosthesis in the correction of inguinal and incisional hernias. The authors provide a brief history of surgery on hernias and a review of the literature, showing the importance of classifying inguinal hernias to fit the type of surgical correction with the defect found, abstaining from treating all hernias, with the same type of surgical procedure. In our opinion, small indirect inguinal hernias (type 1 and 2 of Gilbert) and hernias in women must not, in general, be treated with prostheses. The synthetic material should be reserved for direct and large indirect hernias. Even so, this attitude, besides determining a higher cost for the procedure, can lead to important complications such as infection, rejection, fistula formation, chronic pain, alterations in spermatogenesis and the possibility of carcinogenesis, according to more recent reports. The physiology and anatomy of the abdominal wall should be considered when dealing with incisional hernia corrections, where the surgeon can choose among many techniques to correct those defects, and in selected cases, utilize synthetic material. We conclude that although the use of biomaterials has constituted a great advance in surgery for abdominal wall hernia corrections because they decrease recurrences, and permit treatment of large abdominal hernias, the indiscriminate prosthesis usage is an abuse, and it can determine many serious complications, certainly avoidable with a well indicated non mesh technique .

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Foram atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Unesp - Campus de Botucatu, 11 animais (oito cães e três gatos), com alterações oftálmicas unilaterais graves que levaram à perda total da função ocular (protrusão de globo com injúria nervosa e estrutural, perfurações de córnea com perda de conteúdo intra-ocular e endoftalmites, entre outras). Os animais, com idades entre dois meses e 10 anos, foram submetidos à evisceração e posterior inclusão de esfera de resina acrílica (metilmetacrilato) na capa córneo-escleral ou escleral. As esferas foram previamente confeccionadas e esterilizadas por autoclavagem. No pós-operatório foram utilizados antiinflamatórios e antibioticoterapia tópica combinada ou não a sistêmica. O período de observação variou de 2 meses a 3 anos e os aspectos avaliados foram secreção ocular, blefarospasmo, sinais de desconforto e estética. Obtiveram-se resultados satisfatórios em oito casos. Concluiu-se que a resina acrílica pode ser uma alternativa para uso como inclusão em cavidade anoftálmica.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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The authors looked for the verification of the fatigue of retentive clasps utilized on the removable partial denture. According to this, it was idealized and built on assay machine, that through movements, simulate the insertion and removal of the clasp for a pattern tooth, manufactured on cobalt-chromium which has all the preparation normally utilized to the correct confection of this type of prosthesis. It was utilized three different commercial alloys based on cobalt-chromium: L1-Biosil; L2-Steldent; L3-Duracron. It was utilized the T clasp of Roach, with was tested upon three different proportions among width and thickness: E1-1.7;E2-2.0 and E3-2.3 and was casted through two casting techniques: F1-oxygen-gas and F2-oxygen-acetylene. The clasps were tested on the machine, which allowed the reading of the number of insertion and removal cycles made until fatigue appeared. The obtained results were submitted to the statistic analysis and the authors concluded that: a) L3 (Duracrom) obtained the best results followed by L1 (Biosil) and finally L3 (Steldent); b) among the analyzed thickness, the best results were obtained by E3, followed by E2 and after this E1; c) form the casting techniques, F2 gave us the best results.

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The authors tested the T clasp of Roach in three differents proportions among width and thickness: E1-1.7; E2-2.0 and E3-2.3, with a constant length of 15 mm. These clasps were casted with three cobalt-chromium alloys (L1-Biosil; L2-Steldent and L3-Duracrom), through two casting techniques (F1-oxygen-gas and F2-oxygen-acetylene). The fatigue of the clasps were verified by using and assay machine, that through movements, simulate the insertion and removal of the clasps for a pattern which were obtained from a premolar, prepared in a surveyor. This machine detect the fatigue of the clasps and count the number of cycles of insertion and removal realized. The obtained results of the interaction between the analysed factors, were submitted to the statistic analysis and the authors concluded that: a) the interaction of factors, Alloy x Thickness, Alloy x Casting Technique and Thickness x Casting Technique did not change the order of effects that the factors showed separately but gave rise to effects of different magnitude for any observed sense; b) the simultaneous interaction of the factors Alloy x Thickness x Casting Technique confirmed the superiority of the L3 alloy, the thickness E3 and the F2 casting technique.

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In this work, the chemical structure, the microstructure and the surface morphology of two non-ferrous materials used in dental implants (Ti-6Al-4V and Co-Cr-Mo) were studied. This was done by chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), and strength measurements (HV). Metallographic studies reveal that titanium alloy surface present a fine granular binary phase structure, while cobalt alloy present cast dendrite structures with an intense precipitation of carbides. To correlate the macro and microstructure with the mechanical behavior of the material, microhardness measurements were performed. Using the Vickers hardening method, the Ti-6Al-4V alloy yielded strength mean values smaller than the Co-Cr-Mo alloy. Their values are associated to the chemical composition and to the microstructural distribution of these materials. The Ti-6Al-4V alloy presents hardness similar to dental enamel, which suggests better performance as dental implant.

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The patient with anophthalmia may present feelings of inferiority and rejection. Knowing his/her needs and expectations contribute to a better technical intervention. Purpose: To elaborate a questionnaire of the psychosocial profile of the patient with anophthalmia with indication of ocular prosthesis. Methods: An exploratory research was used to elaborate the questionnaire, by means of a guided interview followed by writing down what was said by the interviewees, who were adult patients of the Bucco-Maxillo-Facial Prosthesis Center of FOSJC - UNESP. The guided interview was made up of 14 items directly related to the future outline of the profile. Each item of the interview resulted in questions of the questionnaire, which was pretested twice before reaching its final version. Results: The patients reported, in the exploratory research, unpleasant feelings with the loss of the eye; relationship shyness; expectations regarding surgery and prosthesis use; a wish to receive explanations and to hold their opinion about the treatment. The questionnaire of the psychosocial profile of the patient with anophthalmia with indication of ocular prosthesis is, therefore, made of 43 questions divided into 5 blocks in order to aid the comprehension of the inquired aspects and to facilitate both the computation of data and discussion, and also to improve the selection of questions according to the objective of the researcher or professional. Conclusions: It was concluded that the questionnaire was viable, can be used in full or by selecting blocks and provide a panorama of the patient's history related to the problem he/she faces, from the loss of the ocular globe to the confection of the prosthesis.

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ASTM F 138 austenitic stainless steel is extensively used as an orthopedic implant material. However, some aspects, such as low strength in the annealed condition and susceptibility to localized corrosion, limit wider use of this kind of steel. Recently, a high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel, specified in the standard ISO 5832-9, has been indicated as an alternative to ASTM F 138 steel for more severe loading and permanent application inside the human body. In this work, microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and fatigue behavior of both steels were determined and compared. ISO 5832-9 steel displayed better mechanical and corrosion behaviors than did ASTM F 138 steel The combination of these features lead ISO steel to enhanced fatigue performance in both neutral and aggressive environments. Analyzed were the role of nitrogen in solid solution, combined with niobium in the Z-phase, and the factors that led to superior ISO 5832-9 properties.

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The study of techniques to reach aesthetics in the anterior region when using osseointegrated implants is of great importance. A literature review was made to compare effivciency and suitability of immediate provisionalization in re-opening of osseointegrated implants with respect to the set time (use of standardized cicatrizants and emergency profile cicatrizants). Immediate provisional denture in the phase of re-opening makes the restoration of the gingival contourn quicker when compared to the use of cicatrizants without intermediate phases required. © 2008 1995, Editorial Ciencias médicas.