Efeitos do treino concorrente e suplementação com taurina sobre composição corporal e perfil lipídico em mulheres pós menopausa

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Gordura corporal total e do tronco e o desempenho da marcha em mulheres na menopausa

OBJETIVO:Verificar a relação entre gordura corporal total e de tronco com o desempenho da marcha em mulheres na menopausa.MÉTODOS:Trinta e nove mulheres na menopausa, com idade de 50 anos ou mais, foram avaliadas. As avaliações foram: peso e estatura para cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC), composição corporal pela técnica de Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) e marcha utilizando um baropodômetro. As variáveis de composição corporal utilizadas foram gordura corporal total, percentual de gordura corporal e gordura de tronco, enquanto as variáveis da marcha foram porcentagem de tempo de duplo apoio e de apoio simples e velocidade. As mulheres foram divididas de acordo com a mediana em dois grupos para cada variável da composição corporal: menos e mais gordura corporal, menos e mais percentual de gordura e menos e mais gordura de tronco. Para comparar as variáveis de marcha nesses grupos, foi utilizado o teste de Mann-Whitney. Para avaliar as possíveis relações entre as variáveis de composição corporal e marcha, o teste de correlação de Spearman foi utilizado. Todas as análises foram realizadas com nível de significância de 5%.RESULTADOS:O grupo com mais gordura de tronco, quando comparado com o grupo com menos gordura de tronco, apresentou maiores valores de duplo apoio (p=0,007) e menores valores de apoio simples (0,03). Foram encontradas correlações significativas e positivas entre gordura de tronco e duplo apoio (R=0,40) e negativas entre gordura de tronco e apoio simples (R=-0,32).CONCLUSÃO:Mulheres na menopausa que apresentam maiores quantidade de gordura no tronco tendem a apresentar desempenho prejudicado na marcha.

Avaliação dos fatores de risco de quedas em mulheres na pós-menopausa inicial

OBJETIVO: Foi avaliar a frequência e os fatores de risco de quedas em mulheres na pós-menopausa. MÉTODOS: Estudo clínico, transversal, envolvendo 358 mulheres (idade entre 45 e 65 anos e amenorreia >12 meses) com tempo de pós-menopausa <10 anos. Os critérios de exclusão foram: doença neurológica ou músculo esquelético, vestibulopatias, hipertensão arterial não controlada, hipotensão postural, déficit visual sem correção, uso de medicamentos (sedativos e hipnóticos). A queda foi definida como mudança de posição inesperada, não intencional, que faz com que o indivíduo permaneça em nível inferior à posição inicial. Foram analisados o histórico de quedas (últimos 24 meses) e as características clínicas, antropométricas (índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e circunferência da cintura (CC)) e densidade mineral óssea. Na comparação segundo grupo de mulheres com e sem histórico de queda, foi empregado o Teste do Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher e regressão logística com cálculo do odds ratio (OR). RESULTADOS: Entre as mulheres incluídas, 48,0% (172/358) referiram queda, com fratura em 17,4% (30/172). A queda ocorreu dentro de casa em 58,7% (101/172). A média de idade foi 55,7±6,5 anos, tempo de menopausa de 5,8±3,5anos, IMC 28,3±4,6 kg/m² e CC 89,0±11,4 cm. Foi observada maior frequência de tabagismo e diabetes entre as mulheres com histórico de quedas quando comparadas àquelas sem queda, de 25,6 versus 16,1% e 12,8 versus 5,9%, respectivamente (p<0,05). Na análise multivariada em função das variáveis clínicas influentes, o risco de queda aumentou com o tabagismo atual (OR 1,93; IC95% 1,01-3,71). Demais variáveis clínicas e antropométricas não influenciaram no risco de queda. CONCLUSÕES: Em mulheres na pós-menopausa inicial houve expressiva frequência de quedas. O tabagismo foi indicador clínico de risco para queda. Com o reconhecimento de fatores determinantes para queda, medidas preventivas são importantes, como a orientação de abolir o tabagismo.

Efeito do treinamento contrarresistência e isoflavona na densidade mineral óssea em mulheres na pós-menopausa

This study aimed to investigate the independent and additive effects of counter-resistance training (RT) and soy isoflavone supplement (ISO) on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover in postmenopausal women. This study used a placebo-controlled, double-blinded (soy), randomized two (ISO vs. placebo) x two (RT vs. no RT) design. Eighty sedentary postmenopausal women, aged 45-70 years, were randomly assigned to one of four groups (71 completed a 9-month intervention): RT+ISO (n=15); no RT+ISO (n=20); RT+placebo (n=18); no RT+placebo (n=18). Participants randomized to ISO received 100mg/ day/oral of soy isoflavone; and those to RT attended supervised counter-resistance training sessions at least twice a week. At baseline and 9-month, BMD was estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Serum levels of C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), osteocalcin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were measured as bone turnover. ANOVA with time as the repeated measure and test t were used in the statistical analysis. After 9 months of intervention, neither ISO nor RT alone affected BMD at any site or levels of CTX, osteocalcin, and IGF-1 (p>0.05). ISO and RT had no additive effects on BMD and bone turnover. RT groups showed significantly increased muscle strength (+ 35.2%) (p=0.02). We found no additive effects of resistance training and soy isoflavone on bone mineral density or bone turnover in postmenopausal women after 9-months.

Avaliação dos fatores preditivos dos pólipos endometriais em mulheres na pós-menopausa

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

Efeito de um programa de treinamento funcional de curta duração sobre a composição corporal de mulheres na pós-menopausa

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da densidade mineral óssea em mulheres na pós-menopausa tratadas de câncer e mama

Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

Efeito da vitamina D sobre o equilíbrio postural em mulheres na pós-menopausa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Exercício físico e fatores de risco cardiovasculares em mulheres obesas na pós-menopausa

Introduction: physical exercise has been recommended as a non-pharmacological, therapeutic strategy in the treatment of important cardiovascular risk factors. Objective: to analyze the impact of an exercise program, tailored to the reality of the Family Health Units (FHU), on body composition, cardiovascular risk factors and Framingham score in obese postmenopausal. Methods: 70 women between 50 and 79 years, sedentary, obese and without menstruating for at least twelve months, were randomly assigned to a trained group (TG) (n = 35) and an untrained (GnT) (n = 35). The GT took 20 weeks of a physical exercise program with three weekly sessions, consisting of monitoring activities and heating (10 minutes), 25 minutes of exercise flexibility and strength, 50 minute walk with intensity between 50-65% of VO2max and 5-minute cool-down. The GnT was instructed to maintain their normal activities. Results: TG showed significant reductions in body mass index (30,1+3,7 vs. 29,3+3,7; p=0,0001), waist circumference (93,3+10,3 vs. 89,1+10,4; p=0,0001), percentage of fat (54,2+2,9 vs. 53,2+3,3; p=0,0001), systolic blood pressure (128,0+14,6 vs. 119,2+10,3; p=0,0001), triglycerides (148,4+66,1 vs. 122,8+40,7; p=0,006), VLDL cholesterol (29,7+13,2 vs. 24,5+8,0; p=0,005) and Framingham score (13,08+4,0 vs. 11,77+4,1; p=0,010). In the untrained group were observed significant increases in the percentage of fat (55,0+4,0 vs. 57,0+3,8; p=0,0001), systolic blood pressure (128,6+10,5 vs. 133,7+12,0; p=0,001), fasting glucose (95,2+18,4 vs. 113,7+28,8; p=0,001) and Framingham score (12,82+3,2 vs. 13,91+4,0; p=0,043), but also decreases levels of HDL cholesterol (55,1+10,5 vs. 51,7+11,0; p=0,017). Conclusion: the exercise program, adapted to the conditions of FHU, was effective in reducing cardiovascular risk factors in obese postmenopausal women served by the SUS program.

Influência do treinamento físico aeróbio sobre os biomarcadores cardiovasculares e endócrino-inflamatórios em mulheres normotensas e hipertensas no pós-menopausa

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Níveis plasmáticos de nitrito/nitrato, GMPc e cortisol em mulheres normotensas e hipertensas após a menopausa: efeito crônico do exercício físico e exposição aguda à L-arginina

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Mandibular cortical bone evaluation on cone beam computed tomography images of patients with bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaws

Objectives The objective of this study was to develop a technique for detecting cortical bone dimensional changes in patients with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). Study Design Subjects with BRONJ who had cone-beam computed tomography imaging were selected, with age- and gender-matched controls. Mandibular cortical bone measurements to detect bisphosphonate-related cortical bone changes were made inferior to mental foramen, in 3 different ways: within a fixed sized rectangle, in a rectangle varying with the cortical height, and a ratio between area and height. Results Twelve BRONJ cases and 66 controls were evaluated. The cortical bone measurements were significantly higher in cases than controls for all 3 techniques. The bone measurements were strongly associated with BRONJ case status (odds ratio 3.36-7.84). The inter-rater reliability coefficients were high for all techniques (0.71-0.90). Conclusions Mandibular cortical bone measurement is a potentially useful tool in the detection of bone dimensional changes caused by bisphosphonates. Long-term administration of bisphosphonates (BPs) affects bone quality and metabolism following accumulation in bone.1 Since the first cases of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) were published in 2003,2 there has been a search for factors that can predict the onset of the condition. Oral and intravenous BPs reduce bone resorption, increase mineral content of bone, and alter bony architecture.3, 4, 5 and 6 Previous studies have demonstrated these changes both radiographically and following histologic analysis.1, 3, 7, 8, 9 and 10 The BP-related jaw changes may present radiological features, such as thickening of lamina dura and cortical borders, diffuse sclerosis, and narrowing of the mandibular canal3 and 11; however, oral radiographs of patients taking BPs do not consistently show radiographic changes to the jaws.11 and 12 The challenge is to find imaging tools that could improve the detection of changes in the bone associated with BP use. Various skeletal radiographic features associated with BRONJ in conventional periapical and panoramic radiographs, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear bone scanning have been described.3, 8, 9, 10 and 11 There has also been a search for BP-related quantitative methods for the evaluation of radiographic images, to avoid observer subjectivity in interpretation. Factors thought to be important include trabecular and cortical structure, and bone mineralization.4 Consequently, measurable bone data have been reported in subjects taking BPs through many techniques, including bone density, architecture, and cortical bone thickness.1, 4, 7 and 13 Trabecular microarchitecture of postmenopausal women has been evaluated with noninvasive techniques, such as high-resolution magnetic resonance images showing less deterioration of the bone 1 year after initiation of oral BP therapy.4 A decrease in bone turnover and a trend for an increase in the bone wall thickness has been detected by histomorphometry in subjects taking BPs.1 Alterations in the cortical structure of the second metacarpal have been detected in digital x-ray radiogrammetry of postmenopausal women treated with BPs.7 Mandibular cortical width may be measured on dental panoramic radiographs, and it has been suggested as a screening tool for referring patients for bone densitometry for osteoporosis investigation.14 and 15 Inhibition of the intracortical bone remodeling in the mandible of mice taking BPs has been reported.16 Thus, imaging evaluation of the mandibular cortical bone could be a biologically plausible way to detect BP bone alterations. Computed tomography can assess both cortical and trabecular bone characteristics. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) can provide 3-dimensional information, while using lower doses and costing less than conventional CT. The CBCT images have been studied as a tool for the measurement of trabecular bone in patients with BRONJ.13 Therefore, cortical bone measurements on CBCT of the jaws might also help to understand bone changes in patients with BRONJ. There is no standard in quantifying dimensional changes of mandibular cortical bone. We explored several different approaches to take into consideration possible changes in length, area, and volume. These led to the 3 techniques developed in this study. This article reports a matched case-control study in which mandibular cortical bone was measured on CBCT images of subjects with BRONJ and controls. The aim of the study was to explore the usefulness of 3 techniques for detecting mandibular cortical bone dimensional changes caused by BP.

Aquatic Exercise is as Effective as dry Land Training to Blood Pressure Reduction in Postmenopausal Hypertensive Women

Background and Purpose: The evidence of the benefits from regular physical activity to hypertensives is based on dry land training studies. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the effect of aquatic exercise with dry land training on hypertensive women. Methods: This is a randomized controlled study with 52 post-menopausal hypertensive women. The patients were randomly allocated in three groups: water aerobic training group (n=19), dry land aerobic training group (n=19) and a non-intervention control group (n=14). The training protocol was performed by 12weeks. Results: There were no differences among the three groups concerning basal blood pressure (BP) and biochemical variables. In water group, there was a statistically significant reduction of systolic BP from 136±16mmHg at zero week to 124±18mm Hg at 11th week and 124±15mmHg at 12th week. In dry land training group, there was a statistically significant reduction of systolic BP from 138±15mmHg at zero week to 125±10mmHg at 7th week, 127±10mmHg at 10th week and 126±9mmHg at 12th week. The control group presented no change in any of the assessed variables. No changes were carried out in any antihypertensive medications during study. Discussion: This is a randomized controlled study that demonstrates the antihypertensive efficacy of aerobic aquatic exercise. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Efficacy of hormone therapy with and without methyltestosterone augmentation of venlafaxine in the treatment of postmenopausal depression: A double-blind controlled pilot study

Objective: This study evaluated the augmentation of venlafaxine with hormone therapy in the treatment of postmenopausal depression. The hormones evaluated were estrogen (0.625 mg) in combination with medroxyprogesterone acetate (2.5 mg) and methyltestosterone (2.5 mg). Design: Seventy-two menopausal women (mean age: 53.6 ± 4.27 years) diagnosed with depression (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] scores ≥ 20) were treated with venlafaxine and one of the following hormone therapy combinations, in a double-blind regimen: estrogen + medroxyprogesterone + methyltestosterone (group 1, n = 20); estrogen + medroxyprogesterone acetate (group 2, n = 20); methyltestosterone only (group 3, n = 16); and no hormone therapy (group 4, n = 16). Study duration was 24 weeks. Primary efficacy outcome was remission according to the MADRS, whereas secondary efficacy measures included the Clinical Global Impression (CGI), Blatt-Kupperman Index, and Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ). Results: Forty-eight patients completed the study. All groups showed significant improvement from baseline. Group 3 demonstrated significant improvement on the MADRS compared with placebo (group 4) at weeks 20 (P = 0.048) and 24 (P = 0.030); effect size 8.04 (0.83; 15.26) (P = 0.029), but also had the highest dropout rate. Groups 1 and 3 had significant CGI improvement rates compared with placebo: 42.23% (P = 0.012) and 44.45% (P = 0.08), respectively. There were no differences in the WHQ or BKI scores among the groups. Conclusions: Methyltestosterone 2.5 mg had the highest effect size compared with placebo, but the high dropout rate prevented its efficacy from being determined. Estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone, combined with methyltestosterone or otherwise, demonstrated a trend toward increased efficacy of venlafaxine. Further larger-scale clinical trials are needed to elucidate the findings of this pilot study. © 2006 by The North American Menopause Society.

Genital infections of HIV-infected women assisted by a specialized service

The present study aimed at analyzing the persistence/recurrence of genital infections and its associated factors in HIV-infected women. Fifty-eight women treated for chlamydial infection, trichomoniasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and/or bacterial vaginosis (BV) and who had specimens collected for cure control up to one year after treatment were studied. Diagnoses were performed by the Gram staining method for cases of BV and candidiasis and by T. vaginalis culture and qualitative PCR for C. trachomatis. Antiretroviral therapy was used by 79.3% of patients, and 62.1% showed an undetectable HIV plasma load. The most frequent infection was BV with persistence/recurrence of 52.4%, which was associated with a longer time period between treatment and cure control (P = 0.0455), postmenopausal period (P = 0.0451), and having a steady partner (P = 0.007). Persistence/recurrence of vulvovaginal candidiasis was observed in 25%, trichomoniasis in 23.1%, and chlamydial infection in 10.5%. The letter was associated with inadequate treatment of the partner (P = 0.073) among patients with low T CD4 lymphocyte counts. The majority of women in the present study showed good HIV-infection control and a vulnerable sexual behavior, which stress the importance of maintaining gynecological followup.