Polymerase chain reaction assay based on ratA gene allows differentiation between Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gallinarum biovars Gallinarum and Pullorum

Salmonella Pullorum and Salmonella Gallinarum are classified as biovars of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gallinarum. These salmonellae are the causative agents of Pullorum disease and fowl typhoid, respectively, and are widely distributed throughout the world. Although many developed countries have eradicated these diseases from commercial poultry, they are still the cause of significant economic loss in developing countries. When serovar Gallinarum is isolated, it is difficult to immediately differentiate between biovars because they are antigenically identical by serotyping. However, they cause distinct diseases with different epidemiology, and therefore it is important to differentiate them. This may be done biochemically but takes 2 to 3 days. In the present study, S. Pullorum and S. Gallinarum whole genomes were compared, and 1 genomic region of difference, which is part of the ratA gene, was chosen as a molecular marker for a polymerase chain reaction assay to differentiate rapidly between these organisms. In all, 26 strains of S. Gallinarum and 17 S. Pullorum strains were tested and successfully differentiated by the assay. © 2013 The Author(s).

Detection of cytokeratins in ghost cells of calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor indicates an altered keratinization and hair follicle differentiation for their development

Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumors (CCOTs) are benign cystic lesions of odontogenic origin characterized by an ameloblastoma-like epithelium and the presence of a group of cells named ghost cells. The pattern of cytokeratin (Ck) expression on these lesions remains unclear and needs to be clarified. To this end, the expression of Ck6, Ck13, Ck14, Ck18, and Ck19 in the epithelium lining of 7 cases of CCOTs was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. For this, the epithelium lining was divided into 3 distinct regions: basal layer, suprabasal layer, and the compartment composed of ghost cells. In this study, 6 cases (85.7%) were classified as type 1 and 1 (14.3%) as type 4. All cases were negative for Ck13 and Ck18, despite the epithelial layer, as well as in the ghost cells. Ck6 was only positive in the ghost cells. Positivity for Ck14 and Ck19 was found in the basal and suprabasal layers, including the ghost cells. The results showing positivity for Ck14 and Ck19 in all of the analyzed cases reinforce CCOT as being of odontogenic origin, and the restricted expression of Ck6 in the ghost cells may be indicative that these cells suffer an altered differentiation into hair follicles in CCOTs. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Revisiting AFLP fingerprinting for an unbiased assessment of genetic structure and differentiation of taurine and zebu cattle

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Equine mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord: immunophenotypic characterization and differentiation potential

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Isolation, Culture and Differentiation of Buffaloes Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Obtained from the Coxal Tuberosity

Currently, much attention has been devoted to the renewal of knowledge about Stem Cells and Cell Therapy in domestic species. In this sense, the present work aimed to develop a methodology for collecting, processing and cultivation of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from bone marrow of coxal tuberosity in buffaloes. The collection was performed using a Komiyashiki needle, which was introduced in the coxal tuberosity and the bone marrow aspirated into a heparinized syringe with the aid of negative pressure. Directly after collection samples were processed at the laboratory at FMVZ - UNESP. The samples took approximately 32 days to reach 80% confluence, when the first passage and differentiation was performed. To confirm the mesenchymal origin, cells were induced to differentiate into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. Samples showed morphological changes during differentiation protocol, but not all presented production of extracellular deposits of calcium or intracellular fat droplets, observed after staining with Alizarin Red and Oil Red respectively. Compared with the material obtained from other species and processed in the same laboratory, the primary culture was longer. Therefore, more studies are needed to standardize the age of animals used and to test other inducers of cell differentiation.

Chromosomal Mapping of Repetitive DNA and Cytochrome C Oxidase I Sequence Analysis Reveal Differentiation among Sympatric Samples of Astyanax fasciatus (Characiformes, Characidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Population differentiation and speciation in the genus Characidium (Characiformes: Crenuchidae): effects of reproductive and chromosomal barriers

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Male Gonadal Differentiation and the Paedomorphic Evolution of the Testis in Teleostei

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Multiplex-PCR for differentiation of Mycobacterium bovis from Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Differentiation of deer species of the genus Mazama by track morphometry

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Genetic differentiation among distinct karyomorphs of the wolf fish Hoplias malabaricus species complex (Characiformes, Erythrinidae) and report of unusual hybridization with natural triploidy

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The community-level effect of light on germination timing in relation to seed mass: a source of regeneration niche differentiation

Within a community, species may germinate at different times so as to mitigate competition and to take advantage of different aspects of the seasonal environment (temporal niche differentiation). We illustrated a hypothesis of the combined effects of abiotic and biotic competitive factors on germination timing and the subsequent upscale effects on community assembly. We estimated the germination timing (GT) for 476 angiosperm species of the eastern Tibetan Plateau grasslands under two light treatments in the field: high (i.e. natural) light and low light. We also measured the shift in germination timing (SGT) across treatments for all species. Furthermore, we used phylogenetic comparative methods to test if GT and SGT were associated with seed mass, an important factor in competitive interactions. We found a significant positive correlation between GT and seed mass in both light treatments. Additionally, small seeds (early germinating seeds) tended to germinate later and large seeds (late germinating seeds) tended to germinate earlier under low light vs high light conditions. Low light availability can reduce temporal niche differentiation by increasing the overlap in germination time between small and large seeds. In turn, reduced temporal niche differentiation may increase competition in the process of community assembly.

Paracrine and autocrine factors in the differentiation of the cumulus-oocyte complex

A better understanding of the paracrine and autocrine regulatory loops within the cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) is fundamental for the improvement of in vitro maturation (IVM) outcomes in humans and domestic species. This review presents the most important local regulators identified in the COC to date with special attention to those secreted by the oocyte and acting on cumulus cells, as well as their roles in different processes crucial for the successful maturation of the COC. An autocrine regulatory loop mediated by epidermal growth factor-like (EGF-like) peptides in cumulus cells triggers COC maturation. During COC differentiation, oocyte secreted factors (OSFs), particularly members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) families, regulate meiotic resumption, cumulus expansion, cumulus metabolism, apoptosis and steroidogenesis.