Enraizamento de estacas caulinares de kiwi (Actinidia chinensis Planch cv Abbott) tratadas com auxinas e boro

O trabalho teve como finalidade, estudar o efeito de várias auxinas sintéticas em formulações comerciais e do boro, sobre o enraizamento de estacas caulinares de kiwi (Actinidia chinensis Planch, cv Abbott.). As estacas utilizadas continham dois nós e duas folhas cortadas ao meio, com aproximadamente 10 cm de comprimento, onde o corte basal em bisel foi realizado logo abaixo de um nó e o apical acima do outro nó. O efeito das auxinas, sobre o enraizamento de estacas caulinares de kiwi foi verificado mediante os seguintes tratamentos, aplicados sobre as bases das estacas: T1 H(2)0); T2 (NAA 300 ppm); T3 (IBA 300 ppm); T4 (NAA 300 ppm + B); T5 (IBA 300 ppm + B); T6 (NAA 0,5%-pó) e T7 (IBA 0,5%-pó). Após o tratamento das estacas, estas foram plantadas em bandejas de enraizamento, contendo vermiculita pura e colocadas em câmara de nebulização, onde permaneceram por 120 dias, até a sua coleta. Para a avaliação do efeito de auxinas e do ácido bórico, sobre o enraizamento de estacas caulinares de kiwi, foram realizadas as seguintes observações: 1. porcentagem de estacas enraizadas; 2. análise de açúcares redutores e açúcares totais (em g/100 g de matéria seca); 3. análise de triptofano (em µg/100 mg de matéria seca). Os resultados obtidos no processo de enraizamento de estacas caulinares de kiwi (Actinidia chinensis Planch.) variedade Abbott, levou a concluir que o inverno e outono foram as melhores épocas de coleta dos ramos de auxinas para a confecção das estacas. O processo de enraizamento foi ainda incrementado com a aplicação exógena na base das estacas, sendo que o alto teor de açúcares redutores e totais beneficiou a maior porcentagem de enraizamento.

Spittlebug infestation in sugarcane affects ethanolic fermentation

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Aplicação de programação por metas binária: mista em uma empresa do setor sucroenergético

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Reguladores vegetais e qualidade tecnológica da cana-de-açúcar em meio de safra

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Preferência alimentar da formiga urbana Camponotus vittatus forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

For an adequate management program of urban ants, knowledge on their biology is required, with the aim of detecting and exploring their vulnerabilities. This type of information has been used in the manufacture of baits, which must show, among other characteristics, attractiveness to several species to be considered efficient and economically viable. Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate in the laboratory the attractiveness of sweet and fatty substances to Camponotus vittatus, trying to find which substances would be more efficient to be introduced as the attractive component in baits. Five colonies, 68 sweet substances and 23 fatty substances were utilized in the laboratory trials. The most attractive sweet and fatty substances, were, respectively, 75% demerara sugar and vegetable fat. When substances of both natures were tested together, sweet substances presented slightly higher attractive indexes than oily substances.

Characterization of glycerol kinase from baker's yeast: Response surface modeling of the enzymatic reaction

The present study describes a methodology of dosage of glycerol kinase (GK) from baker's yeast. The standardization of the activity of the glycerol kinase from baker's yeast was accomplished using the diluted enzymatic preparation containing glycerol phosphate oxidase (GPO) and glycerol kinase. The mixture was incubated at 60 degrees C by 15 min and the reaction was stopped by the SDS solution addition. A first set of experiments was carried out in order to investigate the individual effect of temperature (7), pH and substrate concentration (S), on GK activity and stability. The pH and temperature stability tests showed that the enzyme presented a high stability to pH 6.0-8.0 and the thermal stability were completely maintained up to 50 degrees C during 1 h. The K(m) of the enzyme for glycerol was calculated to be 2 mM and V(max) to be 1.15 U/mL. In addition, modeling and optimization of reaction conditions was attempted by response surface methodology (RSM). Higher activity values will be attained at temperatures between 52 and 56 degrees C, pH around 10.2-10.5 and substrate concentrations from 150 to 170 mM.This low cost method for glycerol kinase dosage in a sequence of reactions is of great importance for many industries, like food, sugar and alcohol. RSM showed to be an adequate approach for modeling the reaction and optimization of reaction conditions to maximize glycerol kinase activity. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Greenhouse gas balance due to the conversion of sugarcane areas from burned to green harvest, considering other conservationist management practices

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

El tabaco y las periodontopatías.

The purpose of this research, which is part of a study on periodontal disease and its risk factors among workers in Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil, was to determine the association between smoking and its frequency, on the one hand, and the presence of periodontal cavities on the other. A sample of 528 sugar and alcohol refinery employees from Araraquara between the ages of 18 and 64 was examined in March and April of 1992 by a trained examiner who applied the Index of Periodontal Treatment Needs in the Community. Questionnaires were used to record the individuals' age, smoking habits, and the number of cigarettes smoked daily. An oral examination was also performed to assess the presence of dental plaque and to determine the bacterial colony index. Data analysis revealed a positive association between the presence of periodontal cavities and smoking. After adjusting the data for age, presence of dental plaque, and bacterial colony index, the odds ratio for having periodontal cavities increased directly with the number of cigarettes smoked. These results suggest that smoking and its frequency should be taken into account when planning programs for the primary prevention and treatment of periodontal disease.

Fermentacao de 26-deoxilaidlomicina por Streptomyces sp. Ar386

In a previous work a strain of microorganism was isolated in Araraquara region, SP, Brazil, and characterized as being Streptomyces sp. Ar386, producer of 26-deoxylaidlomycin and of more three polietheric antibiotics. In this paper there are presented studies about fermentation characteristics of the antibiotic performed in incubator agitator utilizing various cultivation technics and media. A medium containing part of energy source as free sugar and part as amilaceous material presented the best result. As the Streptomyces sp. Ar386 produced few spores, it was necessary special care to provide sufficient quantity of microorganisms in inoculation. The biosynthesis of antibiotics intensified between the forth and seventh day. The yields varied from 8 to 443 mg of antibiotic complex per litre of medium. As a polyether antibiotic it may be used as anticoccidal agent in poultry and as growth promoters in cattle and swine.

Cassava bagasse as a dietary food product

Cassava bagasse, the solid residue of the starch industry, was studied as a potential ingredient in high-fibre dietary products. The bagasse contained 80% of starch, 11.5% fibre, 1.14% ash and 0.85% of protein, and it had a pH of 5.8. Glucose was the major sugar and the hemicellulose content was 22.31%. Microscopic analysis of the bagasse revealed a large number of starch granules inside the parenchyma cells and fibres, as well as outside the cells. The bagasse may be used in high-fibre products, and total or partial hydrolysis of its starch content might increase its commercial value.

Efeito de auxinas e boro no enraizamento de estacas caulinares de kiwi retiradas em diferentes épocas

This work was carried out to study the effects of some synthetical auxins and boron on the rooting of stem cuttings of kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa Pl. cv. Tomuri). Cuttings of semi-woody stems with two knots and leaves divided in two, with approximately 10 cm of length were utilized. The base of the cuttings received the following treatments: 1) water only; 2) NAA 300 ppm; 3) IBA 300 ppm; 4) NAA 300 ppm + B; 5) IBA 300 ppm + B; 6) NAA 0,5%-talc and 7) IBA 0,5%-talc. After these treatments, the stems were placed in suitable rooting dishes, with pure vermiculite in misty nebulization chamber for 120 days. Evaluations were made based on the following observations: percentage of rooted stem cuttings; reductor sugar and total sugar analyses and tryptophan analyses. The results showed that the autumm season is the best for rooting for kiwi stem cuttings. The exogenous application of 0.5% of IBA talc on the bases of the cuttings showed positive results.

Uso de resíduos agroindustriais nas produções de cana-de-açúcar, açúcar e álcool

In order to study the effect of gypsum, lime and the mixture of lime-gypsum, associated with syrup in the agricultural and industrial production and in the rooting of sugar-cane (Saccharum spp.), var. IAC 58-480, one experiment was carried out in soil Terra Roxa Estrutura. Sugar-cane was planted in November 1986, and the cane-plant harvesting in September 1988. Three successive harvests were collected.The experiment was set in a randomized block design with seven treatments and four replications .The treatments were: T1 - 1.2 ton/ha of lime; T2 - 0.8 ton/ha of lime + 0.4 ton/ha of gypsum; T3 - 0.6 ton/ha of lime + 0.6 ton/ha of gypsum; T4 - 0.4 ton/ha of lime + 0.8 ton/ha of gypsum; T5 - 1.2 ton/ha of gypsum; T6 - 2.4 ton/ha of gypsum; T7 - control. Syrup was applied at the amount of 45 m3/ha.In September 1990, after the third harvesting, the second application of the treatments was made, the gypsum being applied in amounts four times greater than those of that put into practice at the planting. During harvest, the following parameters were evaluated: number, length and average diameter of the stalks; yield; and probable sugar and theoretical alcohol production per hectare.The results showed that the second application of the treatments recuperated the crop. Greater yields were achieved when the gypsum was associated with lime or syrup.

Susceptibility of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) to pellitorine, an amide isolated from Piper tuberculatum (Piperaceae)

The acute toxicity of pellitorine, an amide isolated from Piper tuberculatum (Piperaceae) which is studied as a biopesticide in European corner borer, was evaluated on larvae and newly emerged adults of honeybee Apis mellifera by means of contact and ingestion bioassays. Workers in the larval and adult phase were separated in groups, which received pellitorine in different concentrations. The larvae were maintained in their own original cells, receiving feeding and normal care from the nurses. The adults were confined in wooden cages with screens, receiving artificial diet made up of sugar and water (1:1). The concentrations of 40, 200, 1 000, 5 000 and 25 000 ng a.i./individual were obtained diluting pellitorine in 98% ethanol. LD10 values of 39.14, 36.16 and 13.79 ng a.i./insect were determined for larvae, for adults by ingestion and adults by contact, respectively. The honeybee larvae were shown to be highly susceptible to the amide pellitorine.

Análise dos parâmetros cinéticos para produção de levana por Zymomonas mobilis utilizando fermentação submersa

Levan is an exopolysaccharide synthesized by several microorganisms during fermentation of a culture medium containing sucrose, yeast extract and minerals. This biopolymer has applications in the food segment as stabilizers, thickeners, as carriers for flavor and fragrances, as well as in the pharmaceutical segment as a hypocholesterolemic agent and for exhibiting antitumor activity. This work aimed to analyze the kinetic parameters for levan production. The microorganism used was Zymomonas mobilis CCT 4494, incubated in a synthetic medium containing 200.0 g L-1 of sucrose, in a rotary shaker at 200 rpm and 30°C. Samples were taken every 24h, during a period of 96h, in order to determine variations of pH, biomass, reducing sugar, total reducing sugar and levan formation. It was observed that yields of biomass and synthesized biopolymer in 24h were superior to those obtained in 48, 72 and 96h of fermentation.

Evaluation of different foliar fertilizers on the crop production of sugarcane

Influence of different foliar fertilizers (phosphite, micronutrients, biostimulant, phosphite + micronutrients, phosphite + biostimulant, micronutrients + biostimulant and phosphite + micronutrients + biostimulant) on yield of sugarcane was evaluated after fertilization at 30, 90 and 150 days after harvesting two-year-old sugarcane. The experiment was carried out in a commercial crop employing a randomized block design in four replicates. Higher stalk masses were observed for fertilization at 30 days after harvest, and the higher content of sucrose, total recoverable sugar and Brix degrees were observed for sugarcane fertilized after 150 days. Statistical analysis (Duncan's test) revealed no significant variation (P & 0.05) in Brix degree, sucrose content and total recoverable sugar. For total recoverable sugar x stalk weight (the main payment type for sugarcane producers), the following sequence (time treatment, fertilizer composition) 30-days, micronutrient + biostimulant; 150-days, biostimulant; and 90-days, biostimulant increased 11%, 17%, and 21% the yield of sugarcane. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.