PNBE 2010: personagens negros como protagonistas

This article is the result of research that aimed to analyze the presence of black characters in children's literature books selected by the National Program of School Library (PNBE) in 2010. Besides the analysis of the collection of the Program, the research subjects were students of second and fifth years from Public Elementary School in a town in the state of S��o Paulo. The findings indicated that only eight books addressed to the topic. Students of black ancestry recognized, through interviews and discussions in groups, absence of black characters that could be references for the construction of ethnic identity among other manifestations.

Estrutura l��gica como metodologia para avalia����o de pol��ticas p��blicas: uma an��lise do Pronaf

The National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture (Pronaf) has included family farmers into the scope of public policies, by following the trends of policies from the 1990s to democratize access to financial resources. Sustainability has been put into the program. In this study, the overall purpose was analyze the objectives of Pronaf, in the context of economic development. We found out that Pronaf would not allow evaluating the relation among activities conducted and results obtained by the program. Thus, it would be inconsistent. Besides analyzing official documents, other specific objectives were to analyze the consistency of Pronaf and, in case of inconsistency, propose a logical framework matrix. No project was found, only the legislation. The analyse of the latter does not allow filling the matrix and this indicates an inconsistency. A full matrix was proposed.

Uma proposta de aperfei��oamento do PNLD como pol��tica p��blica: o livro did��tico como capital cultural do aluno/fam��lia

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Leitura Liter��ria em sala de aula: a pr��tica colaborativa no Ensino das Estrat��gias de leitura

Este artigo �� fruto de reflex��es oriundas de uma pesquisa, em andamento, a partir de observa����o acerca do trabalho pedag��gico relacionado �� literatura infantil nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental em uma escola p��blica, municipal, do Estado de S��o Paulo. Compreendemos que aprender a ler n��o �� uma pr��tica natural, espont��nea, mas uma pr��tica cultural criada pelo homem e, por isso, deve ser conte��do escolar. Neste sentido, cabe ao professor ensinar a seus alunos atitudes, escolhas, ou seja, a����es intelectuais que permitam ao leitor mirim colocar a compreens��o como objetivo de sua leitura e que aprenda a mobilizar v��rias estrat��gias de leitura para atingir esse objetivo, uma vez que os dados revelados pela pesquisa ���A Literatura na escola: espa��os e contextos ��� a realidade brasileira e portuguesa��� mostram que, apesar dos investimentos em programas de fomento �� leitura, como, por exemplo, o Programa Nacional de Biblioteca na Escola ��� PNBE, nossas escolas, em sua grande maioria, n��o conseguem formar leitores qualitativamente melhores.Visto a necessidade de (re) pensarmos as pr��ticas relacionadas �� leitura e, especificamente, �� leitura liter��ria, nossa discuss��o se dirige a quest��es referentes ao modo como a leitura e o livro de literatura infantil s��o trabalhados, por professores e seus alunos, em sala de aula, e a influ��ncia dessas pr��ticas no processo de atribui����o de sentido das crian��as ao que seja o ato de ler, bem como em rela����o a sua pr��pria identidade de leitores em forma����o. O debate gerado pela pesquisa que deu origem a este texto evidencia o quanto as crian��as sentem-se capazes e ativas em seu processo de apropria����o da leitura liter��ria decorrente do trabalho pedag��gico relacionado �� literatura infantil por meio da abordagem do ensino de estrat��gias de leitura.

Os efeitos dos programas de desenvolvimento rural para o apoio �� agricultura familiar no Noroeste Paulista: limites, desafios e perspectivas

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Uso da calculadora nas aulas de Matem��tica: possibilidades e percep����o de licenciandos e professores

The objective of this work is to analyze teaching situations with the use of calculator inside classroom aiming to understand its function and potential to the learning of Mathematics. A survey was carried out about the students and teachers��� conceptions concerning the use of calculator as an auxiliary tool in the learning of Math . The first part of the research is based by means of official documents (Par��metros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN) , Proposta Curricular do Estado de S��o Paulo, Guia do Programa Nacional do Livro Did��tico (PNLD)) , researches and other publications , characterizing by a bibliographic study. The survey with the participants��� Math students and teachers acting in public or private schools of S��o Paulo state��� was done through a questionnaire and interviews . The results show that most part of interviewed people are in favor of the use of calculator in the classroom . However , a big part of this number still consider it only as a tool to speed calculations with high numbers or decimals . It was verified that teachers who have recently graduated and have taught for a short period of time accept and comprehend the role of calculator more easily in some activities and consider it as an useful and auxiliary tool to the students��� learning

An��lise da teoria evolucionista nos livros did��ticos do PNLD - 2012 na educa����o b��sica

A preocupa����o com o ensino da Evolu����o n��o �� recente. Diversos pesquisadores fazem apontamentos de como �� frequente nos livros de did��ticos de biologia adotados no Brasil, a abordagem do tema como uma teoria acabada conclu��da e, desprovida de contextualiza����o hist��rica para compreens��o por parte dos alunos de como os conceitos foram desenvolvidos ao longo do tempo. Os pesquisadores relatam que a maior dificuldade dos alunos em compreender os conceitos ou a teoria da evolu����o est�� nos recorrentes equ��vocos conceituais e hist��ricos presentes nos livros did��ticos. Portanto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo elaborar uma revis��o bibliogr��fica, do que os te��ricos especialistas na ��rea do ensino de ci��ncias t��m apresentado sobre a Teoria da Evolu����o e o Ensino de Evolucionismo e qual tem sido a abordagem nos livros did��ticos para o ensino p��blico. A pesquisa constitui-se de an��lise bibliogr��fica, desenvolvida com base em material j�� elaborado, consultas em fontes bibliogr��ficas do tipo: livros de leitura corrente de divulga����o e publica����es peri��dicas. Sendo a an��lise desse material de cunho qualitativo. A primeira etapa consistiu da escolha do tema e um levantamento preliminar do assunto. As etapas seguintes foram: o levantamento bibliogr��fico, a partir da problematiza����o estabelecida, busca das fontes, leitura e fichamento do material. Para o fichamento dos livros did��ticos o m��todo utilizado foi faz��-lo em forma de registros. Foram feitos registros de seis cole����es aprovadas PNDL de 2012: Bio. Lopes; Rosso, 2010. Biologia para a nova gera����o. Mendon��a; Laurence, 2010. Biologia. Amabis; Martho, 2010. Biologia Hoje. Linhares; Gewandsnajder, 2010. Novas Bases da Biologia. Bizzo, 2010. Ser Protagonista Biologia. Santos; Aguilar; Oliveira, 2010. A partir desses registros foram feitos quadros comparativos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletr��nico abaixo)

Avalia����o do potencial de microgera����o em despacho econ��mico para atendimento aos requisitos de etiquetagem de edif��cios

The discussions about the energy rationalization are gaining more and more space on the everyday of engineers and other professionals in the field of energy. A greater focus is being tied to commercial buildings, because they are one of the biggest responsible for the high energetic expenditure according to the National Energetic Balance, especially by the use of air conditioners for the people���s thermal comfort. Such finding made INMETRO to develop a building labeling procedure through th National Program of Electric Energy Conservation in Buildings; by means of this systematic, the built areas are classified by levels that go from A(the best) to E(the worst), taking into account envelopment, illumination system and air conditioning. A bonus process based on water rationalization, use of renewable energy sources, cogeneration systems or technical innovations, allows the classification to be changed up to one level. A study made exactly on a commercial building, the building of Foundation for Technological and Scientific Development located inside of the College of Engineering of Guaratinguet��, sought to identify technical/economic alternatives for the building certification and appealed to the bonus based on water rationalization. The present study is based on analysis of deploying a cogeneration system formed by internal combustion engine and an absorption refrigeration system as bonus alternative, so that the costs are analyzed regarding energy consumption and use of the motor. With the calculations and results, the viability of the building to receive a bonus from INMETRO through its National Program for Energy Conservation in Buildings is studied and concluded from this study whether or not you can get a better level of energy efficiency for the building in question... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Biodegrada����o da vinha��a res��duo da produ����o de etanol

The State of S��o Paulo is responsible for the largest sugar cane production in Brazil, as well as the largest production of ethanol made of this raw material ��� which is widely used as fuel for automobiles. This utilization began in the 1970���s, with the institution by the Brazilian government of the National Alcohol Program (PRO-��LCOOL), as a consequence of the petroleum crisis, rising again five years ago, with the development of flex fuel cars. The obtaining process of ethanol originates residues; amongst them, vinasse is the one that���s generated in the largest amount (an average of 10 to 13 litres/litre of ethanol produced). The disposal of this residue in waters was only forbidden in 1978, but before that, researchers had already been investigating its utilization as raw material. This paper had the objective of accompany the biodegradation of vinasse by evaluating the oxygen comsumption during it until the ultimate Biochemical Oxygen Demand (uBOD), performed in twenty days; another objective was to analyse the biomass production of Saccharomyces cerevisae in this residue. Physical and chemical analyses of the residue were also performed, as well as acute toxicity essays using Daphnia similis and Dugesia tigrina, before and after its biodegradation. The physical and chemical analyses pointed elevated acidness (pH = 3,98), conductivity (8,30 mS/cm) and COD (25.693,43 mg O2/L) and mean quantity of suspended solids (5.246 mg/L). The toxicity essays indicated absence of toxic potential in vinasse after biodegradation for both species. The uBOD degradated until 88,22% of the COD, demonstrating the possibility of biodegradation of most of the residue���s organic load in a relatively short period of time. S. cerevisae caused a 37,03% COD diminution in vinasse, diminished its conductivity and promoted a slight elevation of the pH; it obtained low biomass...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Tuberculose e sua import��ncia para a pecu��ria brasileira

Tuberculosis due the large number of victims that come attacking in recent years has become a major concern in the World Health Organization. It is caused by a bacterium that is becoming increasingly resistant to drugs, because it requires long periods in treatment that are not always followed correctly. AIDS has contributed much in recent years with increased morbidity and mortality of Mycobacterium. The Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) of Brazil in 2001 created the National Program of Control and Eradication of Animal Brucellosis and Tuberculosis (PNCEBT) establishing guidelines such as: sets the method to diagnose, control and certify herds free of disease. Joining the program is voluntary

Pol��ticas agr��colas e agricultura familiar: um estudo da evolu����o dos recursos do PRONAF entre os anos de 1999 a 2009

This report analyses historically the familiar agriculture in Brazil and the agricultural policies for this social segment, evaluating, also, the results of the Strengthening of Familiar Agriculture Program (PRONAF) about their characteristics, specificities and distribution and the regional impacts. The objective of this report is analyze the evolution and the determinants of the regional distribution of the PRONAF���s resource and their consequences about the familiar agriculture performance in regional levels from 1999 until 2009

A expans��o do setor sucroenerg��tico no estado de S��o Paulo

The changes occurring in Brazilian agriculture, with the inclusion of agro-industrial activities in your mode of production, must be analyzed to verify the changes in the behavior of territorial dynamics. Through changing the Rural Complex, traditional for the Agroindustrial Complex tightly integrated with trade and industry brought many consequences for the rural population, with regard to employment. Understanding this transformation capitalist the field is needed to analyze the actors involved in this process and the policies adopted for the expansion of sugar and ethanol activity in the State of S��o Paulo and the consequences for the spatial organization. The expansion of cane production areas were governed by the Institute of Sugar and Alcohol (IAA), the National Alcohol Program (PRO��LCOOL) Development Plan for the West of S��o Paulo - PRO-WEST and Expansion Program for the production of Canavicultura for production of fuel for the State of S��o Paulo (PROCANA). The occupation of these agroindustrial facilities in rural spaces contextualized by territorialization of the rural complex, in that sense, understanding these concepts is a key part development in the research. therefore, are concepts of fundamental importance to geographical science, and interpreting their function and construction in rural spaces

A presen��a da interculturalidade em livros did��ticos de espanhol l��ngua estrangeira

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo principal a an��lise da interculturalidade em uma cole����o de livros did��ticos de ensino da l��ngua espanhola selecionados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Did��tico (PNLD), este voltado �� distribui����o dos livros em escolas de ensino p��blico. Apresenta-se, inicialmente, um breve hist��rico da inser����o do ensino de l��ngua estrangeira no Brasil, que progride na tentativa de que os alunos compreendam a magnitude de aprender uma l��ngua de car��ter estrangeiro, uma nova l��ngua. Al��m disso, elucidou-se sobre o ensino do espanhol na sala de aula, a fim de salientar a import��ncia do ensino da l��ngua estrangeira, apresentando em seguida a hist��ria e implica����es do Programa Nacional do Livro Did��tico. Logo, foi aclarada a quest��o da interculturalidade no ensino, ou seja, os aspectos culturais de diversos pa��ses aplicados na educa����o do estudante com o intuito de demonstrar a magnific��ncia de discernimento e aprendizagem das perspectivas culturais ao redor do mundo, e desse modo, possibilitando a compreens��o da an��lise proposta neste trabalho. Foi utilizado como objeto de estudo e an��lise o livro did��tico El arte de leer espa��ol, de Deise Cristina de Lima Pican��o e Terumi Koto Bonnet Villalba, que possui tr��s volumes voltados ao ensino m��dio. A an��lise foi realizada a partir da presen��a da interculturalidade em textos e exerc��cios do referido livro did��tico

Gest��o ambiental na produ����o av��cola: estudo de caso

The present study addresses the application of the Environmental Management System in chicken production on a farm owned by the Nardo brothers, located in the city of Guapia��u/SP (Brazil). The objectives were to analyze the process of solid waste generation, destination and forms of treatment in this activity; propose measures to reduce the use of potable water for non-potable ends; determine other measures identified through a questionnaire drafted by Embrapa (Brazilian Agriculture Research Cooperative) and administered to employees who have direct involvement in the productive process; pay visits to chicken production enterprises; and employ the guidelines proposed by the National Fowl-Breeding Sanitation Program that guide the application of the Environmental Management System. Adequate management of waste was put into effect through the construction of a compost shed capable of meeting current production demands, in which all procedures were accompanied ��� from civil construction to the commercialization process of the organic fertilizer generated. The rain-gathering system for the roofs of the pens proposed to reduce the consumption of potable ground water destined for washing the floors of the pens was completely dimensioned and budgeted, allowing the motivated owners to place the project into effect in a timely fashion. Other simpler but no less important proposals were also made in order to bring the production up to the required quality standards.

O advento de novas matrizes energ��ticas no Brasil: experi��ncias da implanta����o do PNPB em Mirante do Paranapanema e a produ����o de biodiesel em Mau��, Estado de S��o Paulo

Faced with the global discussion about the development of new alternative energy sources, this work tries to contribute to the understanding of the introduction of biodiesel in the energy market, identifying the barriers in the social logic, economic and productive in different spaces, rural and urban. Based on the guidelines of the National Biodiesel Production and Use Program (PNPB), it intended to accompany the implementation of public policies in relation to family farmers settled in the Pontal, located in the western region of S��o Paulo. In parallel, we will analyze the organizational structure and logistics of the production of biodiesel in the city, although it does not dependent on agricultural production and it is not a target of public policies, it takes advantage of the demand created by PNPB when it comes to increasing the amount of biodiesel blended with mineral origin diesel. The activity examined in the urban space is the collection of used frying oil held by Ecosanta Biofuels, a company located in the town of Maua, S��o Paulo metropolitan region. The monograph aims to broaden our understanding despite the urban-rural issue regarding the obstacles and opportunities in expanding renewable energy