Utilização de composto orgânico de peixe em adubação de capim-marandu

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Estudo da eficácia e citotoxicidade de filme e sistema emulsionado contendo ácido cafeico

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Síntese e caracterização do compósito SnO2/TiO2 nanoestruturado

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC

Radônio como indicador de contaminação de solos por hidrocarbonetos

Previous studies show that in areas contaminated by fuel spill (NAPL- non-aqueous phase liquids), from operational activities, transport and storage, it was possible to observe a significant decrease of ²²²Rn (radon) gas concentration in the soil, even a non-uniform distribution of this gas in top soil, even with a geological situation was practically homogeneous. These anomalies may be associated with the preference partitioning of radon in NAPLs. This work consists of applying ²²²Rn as an indicator for locating subsurface contamination by NAPLs in an area of the city of Rio Claro (SP) where, according to the “Survey of Contaminated and Rehabilitated Areas in the State of São Paulo (Environmental Sanitation and Technology Company - CETESB), there was, in the year 2007, groundwater contamination from leaks of liquid fuels. The challenges of this research are: Promulgate the use of a new tool with greater efficiency in obtaining results, in addition to generate less impact in half and have less expenditure; disseminate scientific culture promoting greater integration of C&T (culture & technology) between universities and businesses. The emanometric technique to estimate the location, number and interfacial area of NAPL in saturated and non-saturated zone, has the advantage of locating and determining plumes of free phase even when the amount of VOC's (Volatile Organic Compounds) that reaches the surface is low or non-existent. In addition, the measurement techniques ²²²Rn are quite developed. The results obtained show that, similar to the other studies, the 222Rn soil gas presents an anomalous behavior in the area bounded by NAPL plume, being possible to note a significant deficit in the concentration of the gas in spots where the saturation by NAPLs is still critical. Therefore it is concluded that this tool is really promising, but we must be careful to evaluate the initial conditions of the area, as well as the type of...

Radiocronologia dos sedimentos do Lago de Constança

The dating of sediments in lakes, estuaries and rivers through radionuclides, when applied in association with other analitic methods (heavy metals, organic contaminants, etc.) allows analyses of the anthropogenic interference in the environment along the years. A geochronology of a sediment core from Untersee in Lake Constance, one of the most important hydric resources of Europe, was established through the Pb-210 method and adopting the CRS parameter (Constant Rate of Supply). The Cs-137 was successfully used to give basis to the results, as its additional input occurred in Chernobyl’s accident can be used as a marker to the year 1986. Associating the dating with the cores depth, the average mass accumulation rate and the sedimentation rate for the site were assessed (0,14 g/cm²/year and 4 mm/year respectively).

Utilização de biossurfactante e surfactante químico para dessorção de óleo presente em vermiculita hidrofobizada: estudo comparativo

A number of methods and products have been developed in order to eliminate or reduce the negative effects that hydrocarbons cause to the environment, including hydrophobic expanded vermiculite, used in oil residue filtering systems at gas stations. However, upon adsorbing organic compounds, the vermiculite is no longer used and is sent to landfills. The aim of the present study was to wash granular and powdered vermiculite containing oil lubricant in its pores with distilled water and solutions of 0.1% SDS surfactant and rhamnolipids, with the aim of removing the lubricant and the possibility of reusing the mineral. The greatest amount of lubricant removal was obtained through washing with 0.1% SDS and both granulometric forms. This may be associated to the industrial purification received by the surfactant. However, the biosurfactant is ecologically more viable due to its low toxicity and ease of degradability. In the readsorption tests, greatest adsorption was obtained with the granular vermiculite washed in SDS solution. In order to enable the reuse of the mineral, further tests are needed to enhance desorption/adsorption efficiency.

Tratamento orgânico de resíduos de rúmen bovino

The organic wastes need to be adequately managed, in order to avoid the environmental pollution and damage to the public health. So, this work aimed to study the composting process using two methods: manual and mechanized, for the treatment of bovine ruminal waste. This residue is generated in large proportions during the bovine slaughter process, and it can lead environmental degradation and contamination, or even damage to the public health, when not treated. For the initial adjustment of the composting parameters, it was incorporated the residue of coffee husks. The manual composting system was done by the manually aerated piles, while the mechanized composting system was done in a reactor coupled to a compressor that enabled the aeration of the system. The proportions used in both systems were: 90% bovine rumen (R) and 10% coffe husks (CC); 85% bovine rumen and 15% coffe husks; 80% bovine rumen and 20% coffe husks. The parameters determined during the monitoring of the composting process were: temperature, pH, moisture, organic matter, ash, organic carbon, Kjeldahl nitrogen and C/N ratio. The results obtained during the monitoring of the piles and reactors presented similar behavior, except for the parameters Kjeldahl nitrogen and C/N ratio. When compared to the “Instrução Normativa no 25 de 23/07/2009 do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento”, the organic produced composts with the best results were: pile 2 (85% R; 15% CC) and reactors 1 (90% R; 10% CC) e 2 (85% R; 15% CC)

Espectrometria de massa para análise isotópica dos bio-elementos

Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique widely used in several areas of academic research. It allows the knowledge of the information about the micro-world of atoms leading to significant advances in science today. The analysis of stable isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, also known as bio-elements, shows itself as a major area of interest in using the proposed method. The development of techniques and equipment coupled with mass spectrometry promises to deliver even greater progress in this field, in particular, for the biological sciences and related areas. The pyrolytic method in reduction of organic compounds at high temperatures provides simultaneous isotopic analysis of bio-elements H and O, by the gases released, H2 and CO after the pyrolitic process, significantly reducing analysis time and the amount of material to sample. This paper presents a review of mass spectrometry with its basic principles of operation, and pyrolytic method for reducing compounds at temperatures above 1400 ° C for isotopic analysis of bio-elements

Avaliação do potencial biotecnológico de microorganismos da biodiversidade brasileira: biodegradação de herbicidas benzonitrilados

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Materiais híbridos argila-poli(metil metacrilato) obtidos através do método grafting

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Aplicação do método Phitoscreening para determinação de hidrocarbonetos clorados no município de Porto Feliz - SP

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Composição química e atividade biológica de espécies de nectandra e stevia rebaudiana

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Alocação diferencial do 13C em Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Fabaceae - Caesalpinoideae) sob deficiência hídrica

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Desenvolvimento de detector eletroquímico para cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência baseado em um eletrodo modificado com nanopartículas metálicas para determinação de ácidos carboxílicos em vinhaça de cana-de-açúcar

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Uso da cromatografia gasosa para avaliação da difusão em membrana de Polietileno de Alta Densidade (pead) em contato com hidrocarboneto

The constant petrol fuel leak in gas stations has caused concern in many countries around the world. Those fuels have toxic organic compounds in their composition, like Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), which are harmful to the human health. In this work the efficiency of the protection layer with a High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) membrane of 2.5 mm thickness was evaluated. The study was based in the diffusive process in the intact membrane by a permeameter developed to evaluate the diffusive process. The membrane was putted in the middle of the system to separate two sides: a local soil impregnated with diesel oil (in one side) and pure water (in the other side). The chromatography technique was conducted to evaluate the contamination in the pure water. The analyses were made monthly in a total period of 6 months of research. The results tests show that the membrane was less effective to antracene and naphthalene compounds. Despite that, the results showed that the HDPE membrane is a good alternative to prevent contamination of water and soil by the compounds under study up to one year, based on the performance in the time of study.