Contexto geológico e estrutural do Maciço Rio Apa, sul do Cráton amazônico - MS

Rio Apa Massif crops out in the Mato Grosso do Sul state and corresponds to the southeastern portion of the Amazonian Craton dominantly Paleoproterozoic in age. Rio Apa Complex is oldest and it is composed mainly by migmatitic orthogneisses, beyond amphybolites, tonalities and granodiorite. Alto Tererê Group is composed by schists, biotitemuscovite gneisses and micaceous quartzites generally rich in garnets, beyond metabasic rocks of low amphibolite facies. The Amoguijá Group is constituted by Alumiador Intrusive Suite, which is represented by a sieno to monzogranitic batholith and Serra da Bocaina Volcanic Suite composed of volcanoclastic rocks of alkali riolites to monzoriolites compositions and pyroclastic products. Overlaying towards East and South occurs Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks from the Paraguai Folded Belt (Cuiabá, Corumbá and Jacadigo Groups - Urucum Formation). Structural-metamorphic framewok is identified by five deformational phases but the actual tectonic and metamorphic structure shows the superposed tectonic array of the Paraguai Folded Belt. Rocks from Rio Apa Complex, Alto Tererê Group and Amoguijá Group record an older structural evolution defined by (Dn-1 and Dn). The deformational phases (Dn+1 and Dn+2) are visible mainly in rocks of Paraguai Folded Belt beyond the last deformation (Dn+3) that imprints all sequences.

Bone structure, strength and microhardness resulting after hindlimb unloading in rats

Introduction: Bone strength is influenced by a number of different determinants, such as mass, size, geometry and also by the intrinsic material properties of the tissue. Aims: The structure and mechanical properties of the femur were analyzed in aged (14 mo-old) animals submitted to hindlimb unloading (HU) for 21 days. Methods: Twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into Control and HU groups and the femur was submitted to dual X ray absorptiometry (DXA), DIGORA radiographic density, mechanical compression testing and Knoop microhardness analyse in cortical and cancellous bone. Results: Femurs from HU group presented significantly lower failure load, decreased bone mineral density (BMD)/bone mineral content (BMC) in whole bone; proximal/distal epiphysis and middiaphyseal cortical bone measured by DXA were similar in the two groups; radiographic density from areas in proximal epiphysis was significantly lower in HU group, and microhardness measured at periosteal and endosteal levels were also signifcantly diminished in HU compared with Control group. Conclusion: Disuse induced damage in the trabecular femoral bone architecture with decisive effect on the head and trochanteric fossa, which became weaker. Bone diaphyseal cortical hardness also suffered effect of unloading, probably related to osteocyte/osteoblast activity.

The gyromagnetic factor of elementary particles and non-minimal coupling

In this work we investigate a possible magnetic moment generation for massive neutral particles with spins-1 and -2 coupled non-minimally, in a specific way, to an external electromagnetic field. It is found that, in the nonrelativistic limit, these particles present g = 1. This result, worked out in the framework of Relativistic Quantum Mechanics, seems to suggest that g = 1 for all massive and neutral particles of any spin ≤ 2. We also compare with the results obtained for massive charged particles of spins-1 and -2, in the same regime (nonrelativistic), in order to investigate the role played by the spin separetely from the charge. Copyright © owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence.

Estudio digital radiográfico y densitométrico en mandíbulas de cerdos sometidos a osteotomía con alta y baja velocidad, con refrigeración líquida

The influence of the type of rotary cutting instrument on bone repair after osteotomy in swine jaw, was evaluated using digital and densitometric radiographic examinations, at controlled times. Two cross-sectional dissections were made through the base of the right jaw, one using a high speed rotary instrument and the other using low speed, both with liquid cooling. After established periods the animals were sacrificed and their jaws removed for direct and indirect digital radiographic and densitometric studies using the CROMOX, DIGORA and ODR systems. In the initial periods (7 and 28 days) the bone density was higher in osteotomy areas performed with high rotation speeds, and in the final periods (60 and 90 days) the bone density was higher in the osteotomies performed with low rotation, indicating a better final bone repair with the use of low rotation. The qualitative analysis of the repair process was made by the ODR system which obtained three-dimensional and coloured digital images, which enable the bone thickness to be measured using an aluminium wedge. This showed that by twenty-eight days the bone repair was already apparently complete. © 2010 SECOM.

Suíte vulcânica serra da bocaina, grupo amoguijá, maciço rio apa-MS

The Rio Apa Massif corresponds to the southeastern portion of the Amazonian Craton and crops out in the Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. It is constituted by rocks of paleoproterozoic age of Rio Apa Complex, Alto Tererê Group and the plutonic-volcanic suites of the Amoguijá Group, subdivided in Alumiador Intrusive suits and Serra da Bocaina Volcanic. The Volcanic Suite is represented by São Francisco and Bocaina mountains and is constituted by terms of the composition of alkali - rhyolitic to rhyolitic, including in minor amounts riodacite, andesite and dacite. It consists of a variety of textual subvolcanic rocks, volcanic and varied volcanoclastics. The pyroclastic deposits are very expressive and consist of pyroclastic particle immerse in aphanitic matrix, fine grained or amorphous, where quartz, feldspar, chlorite, sericite, microlithes of carbonate, sparse spherulites and reliquiar volcanic glass can be distinguished. The pyroclastic rocks are represented by breccias, ignimbrites, agglomerate, tuffs, lapillistones and pumices and contain commonly vitroclasts, lithoclasts and crystalloclasts, pumices, fiammes, glass shards, spherulites, vesicles and amygdales. They are calc-alkaline rocks with dominant peraluminous character high to middle potassium series and define a sin-colisional dominant tectonic and are genetically associated to the evolution of the Amoguijá Magmatic Arc.

Enclaves fortificados e segregação urbana: o caso de Jundiaí

The article discusses the spread of closed condominiums in Jundiaí (SP). The studies about this phenomenon have predominantly focused on metropolitan areas; therefore, the relevance of research on medium-sized cities in order to identify similarities and differences among different urban scales. The main objective was to investigate the spacing phenomenon of closed condominiums as a housing pattern tendency as well as its social, urban and environmental impact. This study encloses the period from 1970 to the present.

Situação da agricultura irrigada no Brasil de acordo com o censo agropecuário 2006

Knowledge about irrigated agricultural area and its geographical distribution are of great importance to water resources management. Evolution of irrigated area according to the irrigation method allows an identification of rational water technologies. The aim of this work was to analyze the information presented in the agricultural census of 1995/1996 and of 2006. Brazil has an area of 4.45 million cultivated hectares with irrigation. It is noticed that according to the 1995/1996 census, the irrigated area increased 1.3 million hectares, a growth of 42%. The Southeast region surpasses the South region which had, in 1995/96, the largest irrigated area. The Northeast region is the third irrigated agricultural area with 22.12 %, while the Central-west and the Northern region together sum 14.7%. According to the agricultural census 2006 classification, sprinkler irrigation (without center pivot) method is the most used,followed by flood, center pivot, other methods, drip and furrow, representing 35.3%, 24.4%, 18.9%, 8.3%, 7.4% and 5.8%, respectively.

Hydatidiform mole resulting from sexual violence

Background. Hydatidiform mole (HM) is characterized by abnormal proliferation of human trophoblast with producers functioning tissues of human chorionic gonadotropin. It can evolve with ovarian cysts tecaluteínicos, hypertension of pregnancy or hyperthyroidism. The incidence of HM is variable and its etiology poorly known, associated with nutritional factors, environmental, age, parity, history of HM, oral contraceptives, smoking, consanguinity or defects in germ cells. There is no reference in literature on HM resulting from sexual violence, objective of this report. Method. Description of two cases of HM among 1146 patients with pregnancy resulting from sexual violence treated at Hospital Pérola Byington, São Paulo, from July 1994 to August 2011. Results. The cases affected young, white, unmarried, low educated and low parity women. Sexual violence was perpetrated by known offenders unrelated to the victims, under death threat. Ultrasound and CT of the pelvis showed bulky uterus compatible with HM without myometrial invasion. One case was associated with theca lutein cysts. The two cases were diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy and evolved with hyperthyroidism. There was no hypertension, disease recurrence, metastasis or sexually transmitted infection. Conclusion. The incidence of HM was 1:573 pregnancies resulting from rape, within the range estimated for Latin American countries. Trophoblastic material can be preserved to identify the violence perpetrator, considering only the paternal HM chromosomes. History of sexual violence should be investigated in cases of HM in the first half of adolescence and women in a vulnerable condition. © 2012 Drezzet et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

High-sucrose effect on bone structure, hardness and biomechanics in an obesity model using Wistar male rats

Introduction: Excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverage is positively related to overweight. Despite the epidemic of childhood obesity, body mass can have a positive or negative effect on bone health. Material and methods: Wistar rats 8 weeks olds were randomly assigned to consume water (Control group, n = 10), sucrose 30% (HS group, n = 10) and water + sucrose 30% (WHS group, n = 14) for 8 weeks. All animals received standard laboratory chow ad libitum. Femur measurements included microhardness, bone mineral density (BMD) by DXA, mechanical compression test and microcomputed tomography (microCT) analysis. Results: We observed significant difference in final body weight in HS and WHS groups, significant increase in triacylglycerol/fructosamine in HS and WHS groups, significantly high BMD in WHS group, increased periosteal/endosteal cortical microhardness in WHS group. Compared with control, microCT parameters evidenced lower amount of connected trabecular bone, decreased bone volume, lower trabecular number with high trabecular separation in distal epiphysis in WHS animals. Conclusion: High-sucrose consumption causes obesity induced by a liquid diet with negative effects on cancellous bone.

Hemoparasite and hematological parameters in Nile tilapia

The accelerated growth of finfish aquaculture has resulted in a series of health problems, including blood disorders by hemoparasites; there are scarce studies about these agents and their impact in actual intensive farming. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the hemoparasites present in monocytes and erythrocytes in the blood of tilapia and their correlation with the hematological profile. Blood samples were collected from caudal vessels of 15 cage-reared Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), with 70 ± 10 g weight on average, from Itambaracá Municipality, Parana State, Brazil. The total red blood cells, mean corpuscular volume, hematocrit, total and differential white blood cells counts, and the number of thrombocytes were determined in blood smears stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa-Wright and Quick Panoptic. The results showed the presence of pleomorphic cytoplasmic inclusions with corrugated appearance and basophilic staining, mainly in monocytes, suggesting Anaplasmataceae parasitemia and inclusions with the same morphological characteristics in erythrocytes of one Nile tilapia. The hematological analysis showed no significant difference (P < 0.05) between infected and not infected fish, and therefore, there was no correlation between parasitemia and hematological profile. These observations allow us to infer that the intracytoplasmic inclusions in monocytes and erythrocytes are compatible with the family Anaplasmataceae. There was no correlation between the blood profile and low level of parasitemia. © 2012 Springer-Verlag London.

Suíte plutônica Alumiador, grupo Amonguijá, maciço rio apa - MS

The Rio Apa Massif corresponds the southern portion of the Amazon Craton and is located in the southwest of Mato Grosso do Sul State. It consists on Paleoproterozoic rocks of Rio Apa Complex, Alto Tererê Group and Amonguijá Group, is subdivided into Alumiador Plutonic Suite and Serra da Bocaina Volcanic Suite. The volcanic suite is comprises sub volcanic, volcanic and varied volcanoclastics rocks with composition ranging from alkali-rhyolitic to rhyolite types. The plutonic suite corresponds to an N-S elongated batholith and is characterized by four main segments delimited by NW-SE faults. The southern and central main segments, discussed in this paper, are characterized by the following petrographic facies: medium to fine grained hornblende-biotite monzogranites, coarse grained biotite monzogranites, graphic biotite sienogranites and muscovite sienogranites and the northern segment is contemporaneous and is composed of two different sequences of rocks, one acid and another of basic to ultrabasic composition. The southern and central segment consists of to chemically compatible rocks with the types I and A Granites. These are calc-alkaline rocks of high potassium to the shoshonitic and subalkaline. Constitute sin-collisional granites of metaluminous the peraluminous characters of the Amonguijá Magmatic Arc, but they exhibit late litotypes with chemical characteristics of post tectonic granites from intraplate environment.

Alterações da densidade mineral óssea em vértebras de ratos wistar submetidos à ausência de carga nos membros pélvicos

The suspension of rats by the tail model is used to investigate the behavior of bone in animals unable to move around. Bone is an adaptative tissue that develops in structure and function, among other factors, in response to mechanical forces applied to it and metabolic demands that it will suffer. The absence of mechanical forces and deformation of bone that occurs causes a decrease in calcium deposition in the absence of stimuli on osteoblasts and osteocytes, favoring the action of osteoclasts, making bones weak and brittle. Therefore, the mechanical action is necessary to stimulate local bone response and thus provide growth and remodeling. The aim of this study was to evaluable by radiographic densitometry, the tail suspension for 15 and 36 days alter the bone mineral density of cervical vertebrae (C3), thoracic (T6) and lumbar (L1 and L3) of Wistar rats. Thirty Rattus norvegicus albinus, adult, male, Wistar strain, average body mass ± 350g, were divided into 3 groups: control (n = 10) - not suspended; S15 (n = 10) - suspended for 15 days and S36 (n = 10) - suspended for 36 days. For densitometric analysis vertebrae were radiographed, scanned, digitized and analyzed by the computer program ImageJ®. There was a statistically significant increase in bone mineral density in group S15, probably by the restlessness of the animals to the suspension, with a decrease in group S36, and this hypothetically is linked to the accommodation of the rats, concluding that the tail suspension altered bone mineral density in first time with a decrease over time.

Broadband NIR emission in novel sol-gel Er3+-doped SiO 2-Nb2O5 glass ceramic planar waveguides for photonic applications

This paper reports on the sol-gel preparation and structural and optical characterization of new Er3+-doped SiO2-Nb 2O5 nanocomposite planar waveguides. Erbium-doped (100-x)SiO2-xNb2O5 waveguides were deposited on silica-on-silicon substrates and Si(1 0 0) by the dip-coating technique. The waveguides exhibited uniform refractive index distribution across the thickness, efficient light injection at 1538 nm, and low losses at 632 and 1538 nm. The band-gap values lied between 4.12 eV and 3.55 eV for W1-W5, respectively, showing an excellent transparency in the visible and near infrared region for the waveguides. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy analysis evidenced SiO2-Nb2O5 nanocomposite formation with controlled phase separation in the films. The HRTEM and XRD analyses revealed Nb2O5 orthorhombic T-phase nanocrystals dispersed in a silica-based host. Photoluminescence (PL) analysis showed a broad band emission at 1531 nm, assigned to the 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition of the Er3+ ions present in the nanocomposite, with a full-width at half medium of 48-68 nm, depending on the niobium content and annealing. Hence, these waveguides are excellent candidates for application in integrated optics, especially in EDWA and WDM devices. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Functional capacity and assistance from the caregiver during daily activities in Brazilian children with cerebral palsy

Background: Cerebral Palsy (CP) presents changes in posture and movement as a core characteristic, which requires multiprofessional clinical treatments during childrens habilitation or rehabilitation. Besides clinical treatment, it is fundamental that professionals use evaluation systems to quantify the difficulties presented to the individual and their families in their daily lives. We aimed to investigate the functional capacity of individuals with CP and the amount of assistance required by the caregiver in day-to-day activities. Methods. Twenty patients with CP, six-year-old on average, were evaluated. The Pediatric Evaluation Inventory of Incapacities was used (PEDI - Pediatric Evaluation Disability Inventory), a system adapted for Brazil that evaluates child's dysfunction in three 3 dimensions: self-care, mobility and social function. To compare the three areas, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. Results: We found the following results regarding the functional capacity of children: self-care, 27.4%, ±17.5; mobility, 25.8%, ±33.3 and social function, 36.3%, ±27.7. The results of the demand of aid from the caregiver according to each dimension were: self-care, 9.7%, ±19.9; mobility, 14.1%, ± 20.9 and social function, 19.8%, ±26.1. Conclusion: We indicated that there was no difference between the performance of the subjects in areas of self-care, mobility and social function considering the functional skills and assistance required by the caregiver. © 2013 Monteiro et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Lack of reliability of nanotechnology in the of free plasma DNA in samples of patients with prostate cancer

Background: Several studies seek biological markers that give diagnostic and degree of tumor development. The aim of this study was to validate the determination of plasma DNA using nanotechnology (Nanovue™-NV) in samples of 80 patients with prostate cancer. Methods. Blood samples of 80 patients of the Urology Ambulatory of Faculdade de Medicina do ABC with prostate cancer confirmed by anatomical-pathology criteria were analyzed. DNA extraction was performed using a GFX TM kit (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Inc, USA) following the adapted protocol. Plasma was subjected to centrifugation. Results: There was a big difference between the first and the second value obtained by NanoVue Only two samples had no differences between duplicates. Maximum difference between duplicates was 38 μg/mL. Average variation between 51 samples was 10.29 μg/mL, although 21 samples had differences above this average. No correlation was observed between pDNA obtained by traditional spectrophotometry and by nanotechnology. Conclusion: Determination of plasma DNA by nanotechnology was not reproducible. © 2013 Moreno et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.