92 resultados para Instrução primária


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Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

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This research consists in photograph reading, more specifically, school photographs related to primary teaching in the city of Campinas, between 1897 and 1950. It is based on a heritage constituted of 55 images that analyzes four categories of photographs: school architecture, student classes, teaching body and school activities, these categories illustrate the discourse about school, human contexts and social relations revealed by those images. The text also focuses the iconography documentation relevance for History of Education research, specially, about educational institutions.

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Na última década dos anos 90, alguns estudos acadêmicos voltaram-se para a questão de se valorizar as investigações sobre o saber docente, o saber pedagógico e a prática pedagógica. Dentre os inúmeros temas abordados, o papel do aluno frente à escola, foi o que chamou nossa atenção. Com base nisso, estuda-se sobre o habitus do aluno, sobre seu papel enquanto ator social, sobre sua identidade de aluno, sobre seu ofício de aluno, entre outros. No âmbito desse processo e com base nas vivências da pesquisadora este estudo buscou como objetivo geral compreender o papel da socialização primária na constituição do ofício de aluno e na construção de sua identidade. Especificamente: (1) Levantar dados sobre o papel da socialização primária na construção da identidade de aluno e; (2) Identificar em estudantes do ensino fundamental como eles constituíram o seu ofício do aluno. Nosso trabalho se baseou em uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa. Contou com 7 participantes, todos eles alunos de uma escola pública do munícipio de Rio Claro. Para coleta de dados foi utilizada a entrevista semi-estruturada. Na disposição dos resultados optou-se pela divisão em três eixos: (1) Infância, (2) Escola e (3) Ofício de aluno. Já para análise do conteúdo, a discussão, separou-se em dois eixos temáticos: o primeiro sobre a socialização primária na construção da identidade de aluno e o segundo sobre a construção do ofício de aluno. Com isso, pudemos concluir que o ofício de aluno é de ordem: temporal, social, plural, heterogêneo, personalizado, situado, biográfico e estrutural. E que papel que o aluno desenvolve na escola é influenciado pela socialização primária (família e escola) à qual o mesmo foi submetido. Porém, deixamos aqui uma contribuição singular, visando que futuros projetos possam ser desenvolvidos de forma a ampliar o entendimento desse tema

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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With the advances of osseointegration principles, the use of implant-supported prosthesis has become a routine treatment option. The success of an implant is initially associated to the surgical technique, primary stability and absence of bacterial contamination on the implant site. Subsequently, the absence of mechanical trauma (overload) and peri-implantitis are sine qua non conditions to the longitudinal success of implant treatment. Therefore, the strict maintenance of oral hygiene is highly important to avoid biofilm accumulation around the implant and consequently to provide last-long implant-supported dentures. The clinician has the responsibility to supply a favorable prognosis to the patient so that the rehabilitation succeed. For this reason, during prosthesis fabrication the clinician should observe the design and emergency profile of the prosthesis, the peri-implant sulcus depth as well as the presence of motor or psychological impairment by the patient. Subjects with missing teeth and that will be submitted to the implant treatment should be motivated and adequate instructed regarding oral hygiene and its importance since the best option to obtain treatment longevity and consequently patient’s satisfaction is the prevention. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a literature review about the hygiene of implant-supported prosthesis.

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When implants are installed immediately after tooth extraction may occur anchoring primary decreased, delay or failure of osseointegration process. This occurs because of the large interface between the surrounding walls of the socket and the surface of the implant. For reconstruction, replacement or filling of bone defects the solution can be obtained with the use of autogenous, heterogenous or allogeneic bone grafts. However, these grafts suffer certain drawbacks, particularly a high rate of donor site morbidity, limited amounts of available bone, and the additional operative time required for harvest. For these reasons, intensive efforts have been directed toward developing alternative substances for to either augment or substitute. In this paper, we will examine some of the commonly used materials : fibrin and calcium phosphate.

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Patients with primary malignant brain tumor endure several motor and cognitive dysfunctions, demanding the presence of a caregiver even more because the time necessary for their assistance increases considerably. Usually this task is performed by a family relative, whose activities include taking care of the patient’s personal hygiene, escorting them to medical appointments, managing their money and performing their housework. All of this overwhelms the caregiver both physical and psychologically. This bibliographic research intends to analyze the role in which a caregiver plays in the quality of life of those kinds of patients, the complications of such task, the caregivers’ needs and the daily life of those terminal patients. It was used CAPES, PubMed and Google Academic databases for researching articles related to family caregivers who assisted adult patients with primary malignant brain tumor. The study concluded that being a caregiver of patients in such conditions harms one’s quality of life, with consequences such as stress, insomnia, financial problems and lack of social support. Theirs needs include: having someone to talk to about the matter, attending programs for reducing stress and increasing their knowledge about the disease. In advanced phases of the condition, the patient shows great mobility problems, aphasia and regular seizures, which end up overwhelming the caregiver. The level of quality of life found was above other types of cancer’s caregivers. Therefore, they represent a group with special needs, which should be especially handled by health professionals.

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Objective: This paper is intended to explore how nurses working in primary health care perceive acceptance. Method: It is based on a qualitative study conducted through interviews with 21 nurses from eight municipalities in the State of São Paulo. A phenomenological approach was used in data analysis. Results: It was found that nurses' understanding of acceptance, at certain points in time, comes close to the principles and guidelines of the Unified Health System (SUS). Conclusions: Nursing professionals manifest difficulties with the structure, organization and management of health services and express actions and beliefs related to the traditional model of care. The various stakeholders need to join forces if acceptance is to be achieved.

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Integrality constitutes an important principle of the SUS, achieved through the struggles of the Brazilian health movement. It represents an expansion of the concepts of health and illness, to include the social determinants of healthcare needs. Intending to investigate the meanings of integrality reported by primary care workers, a study was developed in a medium-sized municipality in the state of São Paulo, concerning distinct technological work organization models in primary healthcare units. Among the results, the dimension of system integrality appeared with greatest frequency, according to analysis on focus groups. The workers pointed out difficulties in integration and communication between the healthcare levels, determined by selective social policies and medium/high-technology services delegated to the private market. The theoretical-philosophical framework of this study was based on cultural-historical psychology, taking into consideration the categories of work/activity, consciousness, mediation and totality.

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Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR