Electroglottographic analysis of actresses and nonactresses' voices in different levels of intensity

Background: Previous studies with long-term average spectrum (LTAS) showed the importance of the glottal source for understanding the projected voices of actresses. In this study, electroglottographic (EGG) analysis was used to investigate the contribution of the glottal source to the projected voice, comparing actresses and nonactresses' voices, in different levels of intensity. Method: Thirty actresses and 30 nonactresses sustained vowels in habitual, moderate, and loud intensity levels. The EGG variables were contact quotient (CQ), closing quotient (QCQ), and opening quotient (QOQ). Other variables were sound pressure level (SPL) and fundamental frequency (F0). A KayPENTAX EGG was used. Variables were inputted in a general linear model. Results/Discussion: Actresses showed significantly higher values for SPL, in all levels, and both groups increased SPL significantly while changing from habitual to moderate and further to loud. There were no significant differences between groups for EGG quotients. There were significant differences between the levels only for F0 and CQ for both groups. Conclusion: SPL was significantly higher among actresses in all intensity levels, but in the EGG analysis, no differences were found. This apparently weak contribution of the glottal source in the supposedly projected voices of actresses, contrary to previous LTAS studies, might be because of a higher subglottal pressure or perhaps greater vocal tract contribution in SPL. Results from the present study suggest that trained subjects did not produce a significant higher SPL than untrained individuals by increasing the cost in terms of higher vocal fold collision and hence more impact stress. Future researches should explore the difference between trained and nontrained voices by aerodynamic measurements to evaluate the relationship between physiologic findings and the acoustic and EGG data. Moreover, further studies should consider both types of vocal tasks, sustained vowel and running speech, for both EGG and LTAS analysis. © 2013 The Voice Foundation.

Comparison of eggs, larvae, and pupae of plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: Plutellidae) as prey for podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Mating preferences and consequences of choosing sibling or non-sibling mates by females of the predator Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Increased brood viability and longer lifespan of honeybees selected for propolis production

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Population Dynamics and Growth Rates of Endosymbionts During Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera, Liviidae) Ontogeny

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Fecundity and fertility in a freshwater population of the neotropical amphidromous shrimp Macrobrachium acanthurus from the southeastern Atlantic

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Functional morphology of the reproductive system and sperm transfer in Stenopus hispidus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Stenopodidea), and their relation to the mating system

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

How do laryngeal and respiratory functions contribute to differentiate actors/actresses and untrained voices?

Purpose. The present study aimed to compare actors/actresses's voices and vocally trained subjects through aerodynamic and electroglottographic (EGG) analyses. We hypothesized that glottal and breathing functions would reflect technical and physiological differences between vocally trained and untrained subjects.Methods. Forty participants with normal voices participated in this study (20 professional theater actors and 20 untrained participants). In each group, 10 male and 10 female subjects were assessed. All participants underwent aerodynamic and EGG assessment of voice. From the Phonatory Aerodynamic System, three protocols were used: comfortable sustained phonation with EGG, voice efficiency with EGG, and running speech. Contact quotient was calculated from EGG. All phonatory tasks were produced at three different loudness levels. Mean sound pressure level and fundamental frequency were also assessed. Univariate, multivariate, and correlation statistical analyses were performed.Results. Main differences between vocally trained and untrained participants were found in the following variables: mean sound pressure level, phonatory airflow, subglottic pressure, inspiratory airflow duration, inspiratory airflow, and inspiratory volume. These variables were greater for trained participants. Mean pitch was found to be lower for trained voices.Conclusions. The glottal source seemed to have a weak contribution when differentiating the training status in speaking voice. More prominent changes between vocally trained and untrained participants are demonstrated in respiratory-related variables. These findings may be related to better management of breathing function (better breath support).

Strong postzygotic isolation prevents introgression between two hybridizing Neotropical orchids, Epidendrum denticulatum and E-fulgens

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Induced reproduction and early development histology of Oscar Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Bromeliads as biodiversity amplifiers and habitat segregation of spider communities in a Neotropical rainforest

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Parâmetros biológicos e tabela de vida de Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) em cultivares de mamão

Este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar o desenvolvimento e reprodução de Tetranychus urticae em cultivares comerciais de mamão Carica papaya. Foram utilizadas cultivares do grupo Formosa (Tainung 01 e Calimosa) e do grupo Solo (Golden e Sunrise). Para iniciar o bioensaio, foi transferida uma fêmea fertilizada por disco de folha (n=50 repetições) e retirado após um período de 12h, sendo avaliada a cada 12h, registrando-se o período de incubação, duração do estágio de imaturo, longevidade e fecundidade dos adultos e viabilidade desses estágios. Os resultados indicaram que as cultivares de mamão Tainung 01, Calimosa, Sunrise e Golden são bons hospedeiros para T. urticae. O parâmetro viabilidade não sofreu influência das cultivares em todas as fases de desenvolvimento avaliadas, apresentando valores superiores a 90%. Não houve diferença estatística entre as cultivares nos parâmetros: período de pre-oviposição e viabilidade dos ovos. A cultivar Tainung 01 apresentou menor potencial hospedeiro, embora houvesse menor duração nos estágios de ovo, larva, protoninfa e ovo-adulto. Nos parâmetros de tabela de vida e fertilidade, apresentou menores valores de Ro, r m e λ e maior valor de Td. Entre as cultivares, o Sunrise apresentou um elevado potencial hospedeiro para T. urticae, pois essa cultivar proporcionou a maior produção de ovos por fêmea, maior longevidade das fêmeas, bem como a maior taxa de reprodução (maior Ro, r m e λ e menor valor de Td).

Biological aspects of the immature stages of Ceraeochrysa everes (Banks) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Para o estabelecimento de um programa de controle biológico, o conhecimento de alguns aspectos biológicos e de comportamento dos inimigos naturais é de extrema importância. Os aspectos biológicos do desenvolvimento larval e pupal do predador Ceraeochrysa everes (Banks) foram estudados. Larvas oriundas de adultos da geração F1 foram mantidas em laboratório a 25 ± 21°C, 70 ± 10 % UR e fotofase 14 horas, sendo alimentadas com ovos de Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier). A duração e viabilidade do período embrionário, estágios imaturos de desenvolvimento e o período de ovo a adulto foram avaliados. O período embrionário foi em média de 5,0 dias, enquanto que as durações médias para o primeiro, segundo e terceiro instares foram de 5,1 ± 0,03; 4,3 ± 0,05 e 4,5 ± 0,05 dias, respectivamente, com viabilidade superior a 90 %. Os estágios larval, pré-pupal e pupal apresentaram duração média de 13,9 ± 0,07; 5,7 ± 0,07 e 9,6 ± 0,12 dias, respectivamente. A duração do ciclo biológico foi de 34 ± 0,11 dias em média. Ovos de S. cerelella não foram adequados para a manutenção de C. everes em laboratório, por interferir no desenvolvimento do predador.

Aspectos biológicos de Cycloneda sanguínea (Coleóptera: Coccinellidae) alimentadas con pulgones criados en algodón transgénico Bollgard I

Cycloneda sanguinea is an important biological control agent of aphid cotton. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological aspects of C. sanguinea fed with nymphs and adults of Aphis gossypii reared in DeltaOPAL and NuOPAL cultivars (Bollgard I). The experiment was conducted in the laboratory under controlled temperature (25 +/- 1 degrees C), humidity (70 +/- 10%) and photophase (12 hours). The experimental design was completely randomized, and treatments aphids fed on the two cultivars, and replicates 40 individuals. Each larva was individually until adult emergence of the predator in Petri dishes of 9 cm in diameter with moistened filter paper. For evaluation of individual adults were five couples newly emerged in plastic pots 12 cm in diameter and 9 cm tall, with filter paper for oviposition. The parameters evaluated were: duration and viability of the larval stage, pupal stage duration and survival, adult longevity, reproductive period, post-reproductive and total number of eggs per female. The duration of the larval stage of C. sanguinea was lower when fed aphids reared on the cultivar NuOPAL, while adult longevity and the reproductive period were higher. The female fertility and egg viability were also lower.

Efeito de sinigrina aplicada em folhas de brássicas sobre características biológicos de Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)