76 resultados para acute Chagas disease
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas - FCFAR
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Genética - IBILCE
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Pós-graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia Aplicadas à Farmácia - FCFAR
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Triatoma melanocephalae T. lentisão espécies crípticas de triatomíneos pertencentes ao subcomplexo Brasiliensis. Esses organismos foram agrupados no subcomplexo apenas por caracteres morfológicos e pela disposição geográfica. Sendo assim, estudos citogenéticos são considerados como importantes ferramentas na classificação dos triatomíneos e, com isso, podem auxiliar na criação de um plano de profilaxia da doença. Por meio da técnica citogenética de impregnação por íons prata, foi possível visualizar a atividade nucleolar e as Regiões Organizadoras Nucleolares (RONs) desses insetos. T. melanocephalaapresentou três RONs ativas nos autossomos durante a prófase I. T. lenti apresentou duas RONs ativas nos autossomos durante a prófase I e a metáfase I. Ambas as espécies apresentaram o fenômeno de persistência do material nucleolar encontrado em triatomíneos. Sendo assim, por meio da análise das RONs, foi possível observar que T. lenti, quando comparado com os outros organismos do subcomplexo, apresentou marcações semelhantes à T. tibiamaculata e que T. melanocephalanão apresenta nenhuma relação direta com o subcomplexo. Palavras-chave: Citogenética. Taxonomia. Triatominae. Subcomplexo Brasiliensis. ABSTRACT Analysis of nucleolus organizer regions and nucleolar activity in important vectors of Chagas disease (Triatoma melanocephala and T. lenti) Triatoma melanocephalaand T. lentiare important vectors of Chagas disease. These cryptic species of triatomines are grouped in the subcomplexbrasiliensisdue only to morphological characters and geographical distribution. Cytogenetic studies are important to the classification of insects and can assist in creating a disease prevention plan. The aim of the present study was to determine nucleolar activity and nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in these insects using the cytogenetic method of silver ion impregnation. T. melanocephalaexhibited three active NORs in autosomes during prophase I. T. lentiexhibited two active NORs in autosomes during prophase I and metaphase I. Both species exhibit the persistent nucleolar material found in triatomines. The analysis of NORs in the present study revealed that T. lenti exhibited labeling similar to that found in T. tibiamaculata, which belongs to the subcomplex, whereas T. melanocephalashows no direct relationship with the subcomplex. Keywords: Cytogenetics. Taxonomy. Triatominae. Brasiliensissubcomplex.
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Pós-graduação em Doenças Tropicais - FMB
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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The prodrug hydroximethylnitrofurazone (NFOH) presents antichagasic activity with greatly reduced toxicity compared to its drug matrix nitrofurazone (NF). Besides these new characteristics, the prodrug was more active against the parasite T. cruzi amastigotes. These advantages make the prodrug a possible therapeutic alternative for the treatment of both acute and the chronic phase of Chagas disease. However, the knowledge of pharmacokinetic profile is crucial to evaluate the feasibility of a new drug. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the in vivo formation of NF from the NFOH single administration and to evaluate its pharmacokinetic profile and compared it to NF administration. A bioanalytical method to determine the NF and NFOH by LCMS/MS was developed and validated to perform these investigations. Male albino rabbits (n=15) received NF intravenously and orally in doses of 6.35 and 63.5 mg / kg respectively, and NFOH, 80.5 mg / kg orally. The serial blood samples were processed and analyzed by mass spectrometry. The system operated in positive and negative modes for the analites determination, under elution of the mobile phase 50:50 water: methanol. The administration of NFOH allowed the calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters for the prodrug, and the NF obtained from NFOH administration. Using the pharmacokinetic profile obtained from the NF i.v. administration, the oral bioavailability of NF from the administered prodrug was obtained (60.1%) and, as a key parameter in a prodrug administration, should be considered in future studies. The i.v. and oral administrations of NF differ in the constant of elimination (0.04 vs 0.002) and elimination half-life (17.32 min vs 276.09 min) due to the low solubility of the drug that hinders the formation of molecular dispersions in the digestory tract. Still, there was observed no statistical differences were observed between the pharmacokinetic parameters of orally administered NF and NF obtained from NFOH. The calculated area under the curve (AUC 0-∞) showed that the exposure to the parental drug was fairly the same (844.79 vs 566.44) for NF and NF obtained from the prodrug administration. The tendency to higher NF's mean residence time (MRT) as observed in the prodrug administration (956.1 min vs 496.3 min) guarantees longer time for the action of the drug and it allows the expansion of the administration intervals. These findings, added with the beneficial characteristics of the prodrug encourage new efficacy tests towards the clinical use of NFOH.
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This paper analyzes the history of the doctor and scientist Carlos Chagas in the research that led to the identification of the agent and vector responsible for Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), in the early twentieth century, pointing out some possibilities of using this piece of history in shaping Biology teachers, as regards the discussion of science as a process of human construction and therefore historical.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)