Tecnologia assistiva para a criança com paralisia cerebral na escola: identificação das necessidades

Studies about Assistive Technology have emphasized the need to integrate resources, services and strategies for inclusion and special education to foster the learning process and skill development of students with disabilities. The literature describes that the first step towards implementing assistive technology in schools should enable professionals to understand the situation involving the student in order to expand his or her participation in the teaching and learning process. This study aimed to identify the need for assistive technology services, resources and strategies for students with cerebral palsy in school. Two children with cerebral palsy and their teachers were selected. The data collection phase included three successive procedures: interviews with teachers, completing the identification protocol of the school routine and participant observation conducted in the classroom using filming and field diary. Based on the material gained from these three procedures, data triangulation was proposed, i.e., grouping information in a single document in order to establish categories of analysis. After preparing the material, the categories were assessed by judges from the field of knowledge. The results showed that after understanding the situation of the disabled student within the school context, it was possible to establish his or her skills and needs to indicate the appropriate assistive technology resources for the teacher's planning and thus provide proper teaching and learning for the children with disabilities. The study identified the need to establish specific procedures, an organized pedagogical plan and participation of health professionals as consultants on using assistive technology in school.

Concepções de professores sobre a temática das chamadas dificuldades de aprendizagem

This study aimed to identify the conceptions of learning difficulties of teachers working in the beginning years of elementary education. In order to analyze such conceptions from the perspective of inclusive education, the study was carried out in two schools in a city of the State of Paraná. Sixteen teachers (mean age of 41 years) participated in the study. Of these, only one had no higher education. Interviews were carried out individually in the teachers` schools. The interviews were conducted with the support of a topic outline including: aspects of classroom management of the classes in which teachers worked; how to identify students with learning disabilities; causes of learning difficulties; how the school can help a student with learning difficulties. Each interview lasted 50 minutes on average. They were transcribed in full and submitted to thematic analysis. Four categories of analysis were determined: characterization of educational institutions' proposal; conceptions on the identification of students with learning difficulties; conceptions about causes of learning difficulties; possibilities for assisting students with learning difficulties. The results indicated that the main factors reported by the participants on the characterization of pupils with learning difficulties were of the cognitive order. The data also showed that the teachers based their opinions on family aspects in order to focus on causes of learning difficulties; they attributed the largest parcel of responsibility for solving such situations to students' families. One of the main conclusions of this study allowed us to consider that the schools that were investigated reported a practice that doesn't meet the inclusive education assumptions, denoted by the attempt to homogenize regular classes.

Necessidades especiais de escolares com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 identificadas por familiares

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeitos da comunicação alternativa na interação professor-aluno com paralisia cerebral não-falante

Speech has been regarded as a social communicative modality required for building relationships in different contexts and cultures. Nevertheless, this is not always a readily available resource, especially for those who have developmental disorders. In this sense, Augmentative and Alternative Communication resources and strategies have been used by nonspeaking students with disabilities as useful tools to achieve greater social participation in different environments. Therefore, the present study examined the interaction between teachers and a student with cerebral palsy before and after the use of Alternative Communication strategies in the classroom. The study had a quantitative and qualitative nature and was designed as an intervention study. There were four main stages: 1) filming before the introduction of the resources in the classroom, 2) training the school teachers 3) providing technical assistance regarding the use of alternative communication to the child's teacher 4) filming teacher-student interactions using these technological resources. The interactions were transcribed and grouped into links. In this research, a link means the initiator's behavior directed to the exchange partner and the response in sequence from the interlocutor back to the initiator. It was found that the established interactions presented a maximum of four links, with greater frequency for episodes of 1st and 2nd links. After the intervention, there were different contexts with the presence of interactions up to the 6th link, often greater frequency for episodes of 1st, 2nd and 3rd links. In addition, the teacher showed a tendency to use symbols only as a tool for evaluating and teaching concepts. This perception changed as the teacher became familiarized with the Augmentative and Alternative Communication technology resources.

Programa informativo sobre deficiência mental e inclusão: mudanças nas atitudes socias de crianças sem deficiência

This article presents part of a study that analyzed the concepts, feelings and attitudes of children without disabilities about mental retardation and inclusion and evaluated the effects of an informative program that deals with the issue. The study included forty children from two first grade classrooms in a public school in Marília-SP. One classroom participated as a control group. All children underwent pre and post tests in the form of interviews on the subject and a scale of children's social attitudes towards inclusion was applied. The experimental group participated in the informative program, composed of thirteen weekly meetings, in which the limitations and possibilities of people with mental retardation, specialized care, their schooling and family and social aspects, were discussed, using various educational and recreational strategies. The data collected in the interviews were categorized and content analysis was conducted. With the scale, individual scores were obtained. Statistical calculations were performed to verify the significance of differences between groups. In this paper we discuss the data obtained with the scale which were crossed with interview data. The results of the interviews and the scale indicated several changes in children's attitudes towards inclusion, but relations between many of these data could not be statistically confirmed. These results indicate the importance of expanding the research on the relationship between the phenomena presented.

Semicultura e educação: uma análise crítica da revista Nova Escola

Em suas obras, os filósofos da teoria crítica desenvolveram reflexões muito importantes acerca da sociedade capitalista do pós-guerra, apresentando um potencial pedagógico intrínseco, especialmente por meio dos conceitos adornianos de semicultura e indústria cultural. Este trabalho pretende utilizar tais conceitos para analisar criticamente o conteúdo editorial da revista Nova Escola, da editora Abril. Como esse é um periódico de grande circulação nas escolas públicas brasileiras, essa análise poderá esclarecer a intersecção entre educação e indústria cultural, reflexão que se faz urgente quando consideramos que essa relação atualmente é condicionada pelos imperativos do Estado mínimo neoliberal.

Reflexões sobre precoces, prodígios, gênios e as altas habilidades, com base na neurociência cognitiva. Revista Educação Especial

In special education, high skills designate people who demonstrate the capability, potential or performance in human activities, well above average. Our objective, using neuroscience to understand the early, prodigies, geniuses and high abilities as a result of a unique process of memory formation. It is a literature search, in which the works were identified, located, compiled, analyzed and blacklisted. The material was located from keywords in databases. For the compilation were used as inclusion criteria, adopted the intersection of the keywords as well as the work of researchers from education, psychology and neuroscience, published between 1966 and 2009; qualitatively analyzed 40 references, 18 articles and 22 other texts. The trajectory analysis was developed with the question: no need to explain differently the precocious prodigies, geniuses, and AH? We reached three logical propositions. We demonstrate through this exercise of course, that there would be no need to explain differently the precocious prodigies, geniuses, and AH, but conclude that there is need for such differentiation, even within the field of neuroscience, however, the statement above points to Renzulli’s theory as valid for geniuses and AH, with exceptions for early and wonders that deserve a closer look.

Acessibilidade em eventos científicos: contribuições da educação especial

The accessibility concept has been incorporated by scientific and social environment. In this context, it is necessary to be concerned about issues of accessibility in scientific events, mainly those that approach the subject special education and that appreciate inclusion and social participation of people, regardless of the differences. This study presents text some information on accessibility in scientific congresses as well as a checklist to assist in planning events of this nature.

Educação, Estado e Poder: o ensino médio em debate na Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos (1962-1972)

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Inclusão escolar pela via da colaboração entre educação especial e educação regular

A preocupação sobre as práticas inclusivas nas escolas públicas no Brasil começou após a Declaração de Salamanca, com desafios e dúvidas. Ainda hoje, passados cerca de 15 anos, os professores do ensino regular se queixam dizendo que não têm conhecimento suficiente ou preparo formal para lidar com crianças com necessidades educacionais especiais, especialmente quando estas apresentam disfunções graves, como paralisia cerebral, deficiência intelectual e comportamentos desafiadores. A colaboração entre profissionais da Educação Especial e Regular pode ser uma alternativa para enfrentar tais desafios. O objetivo deste relato foi o de apresentar um breve histórico de um programa de pesquisa, ensino e extensão que busca aproximar a Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) dos professores do ensino comum que têm alunos com necessidades especiais em suas salas de aula. Iniciado em 2004, este programa está na atualidade em seu sétimo ano de execução e envolve professores da universidade, estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação e professores do ensino comum. Os resultados parecem apontar essa via de colaboração entre Educação Especial e Regular como um caminho promissor para a construção de escolas mais inclusivas.

O professor da Educação Especial e o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de alunos com autismo

This paper has as subject autism, and sought to verify how the process of teaching and learning of students with autism occurs in a special education school. The Infantile Autism is today sorted as one of the “Global Developmental Disorders (PDD)” and is characterized by a severe and global impairment in several areas of development, such as reciprocal social interaction skills, communication skills and presence of stereotypic behavior, interests and activities. This study aimed to identify the teaching methodology used with adolescents with autism in special education and see in what ways this methodology assists in the teaching and learning of these students. To this end, participated in this study a teacher, expert in this issue, and three students with autism in a Special Education School located within the State of São Paulo. For data collection, 19 observations of activities performed by students with autism in the classroom were conducted and a semi-structured interview with the specialized teacher was applied. The results revealed that the teacher mentioned above does not use any specific teaching methodology to assist in the teaching and learning of these students, although there are some specific methodologies for individuals with autism, which are used in special education schools. Thus, there is a gap in the teaching process on the part of the teacher and an uncertainty about the learning process of these students with autism in this institution.

As contribuições da Educação Especial para promoção da educação inclusiva nas normativas brasileiras

Este texto objetiva apresentar, de forma crítica, uma retrospectiva pontual das normativas brasileiras que orientam a escolarização de alunos da Educação Especial, na perspectiva da educação inclusiva. Em defesa da revisão dos procedimentos de ensino na formulação das práticas educacionais inclusivas, as normativas sugerem mudanças importantes quanto: ao lócus de escolarização do público da Educação Especial, a definição dos que dela se beneficiam e a revisão do seu papel em prol da consolidação da educação inclusiva. As normativas indicam ainda orientações específicas no que diz respeito às providências instrumentais, infraestruturais, e de ajustes curriculares, entre outras. Tais recomendações intencionam assegurar condições mais favoráveis de progresso acadêmico aos alunos com deficiência, transtorno global do desenvolvimento, altas habilidades e/ou superdotação no sistema público de ensino. Pelo intermédio de um julgamento criterioso dos textos normativos referentes aos documentos legais selecionados, espera-se contribuir para a compreensão das formas de organização da Educação Especial no atendimento às necessidades educacionais de uma parcela significativa do alunado. Recorda-se que esses alunos, que necessitam de com condições diferenciadas de ensino, por longas décadas ficaram afastados dos conhecimentos valorizados pela cultura escolar, entretanto, com a adoção de políticas públicas, que respeitam e valorizam a diferença, formas de escolarização e de participação direta no ensino comum tem sido uma prática real no sistema educacional brasileiro.

Análise e reflexão sobre a educação especial inclusiva em Maringá/BR e em Guadalajara /ES

The purpose of this study is to know the route of Special Education in different contexts, the city of Maringa/Brazil and Guadalajara/Spain and analyze the bases underlying the organization, structure and operation of this mode of education having as starting point the process inclusive school. This investigation is based on the theoretical and methodological principles of the historical-cultural notion by Vygotsky. He argues that the existence of fundamental principles underlying the development of children with disabilities. If, on the one hand, the disability imposes limitations on the individual, hindering its development, on the other, just by causing difficulties, enables the movement to compensate, increasing the development of other capabilities. The deficit itself is less. Therefore, it is a field research carried out by means of observations, literature search and document analysis in early childhood education institutions visited in the cities mentioned above. The results showed that there are peculiarities of its path, organization and functioning of Special Education in each of the contexts analyzed. Referentemente the inclusive education movement, it is clear that Spain is a precursor of this process therefore has the right conditions in different ways to conduct the service children with special needs, and on the other hand, schools have the resources and specialized materials they need. While in Brazil the operationalization of these measures occurs more slowly. Thus, we can say that this process of inclusive education does not happen in a linear fashion within mainstream schools and so little action in the different forms of special education in two contexts analyzed.

O cotidiano escolar na Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos (1984-2014)

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

O que sabemos sobre a pesquisa brasileira voltada à educação em museus de ciências?

Over the past four decades it occurred a great expansion of science education research in Brazil (TEIXEIRA, 2008). Considering the scientific production in the area, descriptive studies, called state of the art are necessary, but little found in Brazilian scientific literature, especially in the field of science education. In this context, this paper identifies and describes the main features and trends of Brazilian research in the field of education in science museums, released in the form of dissertations and thesis, in the period 1970 to 2010. It is a qualitative and quantitative research, which performs a document analysis, in a bibliographical review. We mapped 153 academic researches, mainly in the Rio-São Paulo axis, mostly in the last decade, showing that the area can be characterized as an emerging field in science education.