The Paracoccidioides brasiliensis gp70 antigen is encoded by a putative member of the flavoproteins monooxygenase family

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effects of environmental colour on growth of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), maintained individually or in groups

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

The ribs of Eupatorieae (Asteraceae): of wide taxonomic value or reliable characters only among certain groups?

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

SCHOOL PROTECTION SYSTEM: PROTECTING WHO, FROM WHOM?

The main objective of this article is to analyze the policy implanted in the schools in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, with a view to the prevention and intervention in the violence that occurs in the schools. The importance of such discussion is related to the analysis of the principles that are present and of the possible effectiveness of such a program in the school violence. This research is qualitative and the research methodology used was documentary analysis. The documents analyzed were those related to the policy of preventing violence in schools in the state of São Paulo/Brazil, called Protection System School. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of The Association of Science, Education and Technology

Small angle X-ray scattering study of structural changes in silica gel modified with organofunctional groups

Silica gel surfaces, organofunctionalized with 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, iminosalicylaldehyde and imidazole groups were examined using the small angle X-ray scattering technique (SAXS). From the scattering intensity data it was concluded that particles have a uniform size after the coupling reaction. The chemical treatment of the silica gel leads to an attachment of the organofunctional groups on the solid-pore interface of the silica with an increase of the mean size of the solid phase and some coalescence of the pores. © 1989.

Toda lattice field theories, discrete W algebras, Toda lattice hierarchies and quantum groups

In analogy with the Liouville case we study the sl3 Toda theory on the lattice and define the relevant quadratic algebra and out of it we recover the discrete W3 algebra. We define an integrable system with respect to the latter and establish the relation with the Toda lattice hierarchy. We compute the relevant continuum limits. Finally we find the quantum version of the quadratic algebra.

Cryopreservation of equine embryos with glycerol plus sucrose and glycerol plus 1,2-propanediol.

Six or 7-day-old equine embryos were divided into 4 groups; Group 1, n = 15, Day 7 embryos destined for immediate transfer; Group 2, n = 15, Day 6 embryos destined for deep-freezing with glycerol plus sucrose as cryoprotectant; Group 3, n = 10, Day 6 embryos destined for deep-freezing with glycerol plus 1,2-propanediol as cryoprotectant and Group 4, n = 3, fresh embryos destined for ultrastructural analysis. All the frozen/thawed embryos were transferred to recipient mares, except 3 embryos in Group 3 that were subjected to ultrastructural analysis. After thawing the cryoprotectants were removed by successive dilutions in PBS + 15% v:v fetal calf serum (FCS) containing decreasing concentrations of the cryoprotectants. Pregnancy was diagnosed ultrasonographically in 53.3%, 13.3% and 0% of the mares in Groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed differences between frozen/thawed and fresh embryos. In the former, embryonic cells were deformed and showed dilation of the intercellular and perivitelline spaces, a decrease of desmosome number in the junctional complexes, few microvilli on the apical surface of the trophectoderm and an almost total absence of pinocytotic vesicles. Most of the mitochondria showed regions containing dilation and irregularities on the cristae, which appeared electron-dense. The results obtained with Groups 2 and 3 embryos showed that the cryoprotectants employed were not effective in protecting the embryos against damage during freezing and thawing. Indeed, the ultrastructural changes observed in the Group 3 embryos explained the absence of any established pregnancies in this group of mares.

Efeitos do alopurinol em rins isquemicos de caes anestesiados com pentobarbital sodico

Background and Objectives - Allopurinol is a drug which inhibits the formation of noxious renal free radicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protecting renal effects of allopurinol in ischemic kidneys of dogs. Methods - Sixteen dogs were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and submitted to extracellular volume expansion (1.4 ml.kg-1.min-1), to mechanic ventilation with air, to right nephrectomy and to left renal artery clamping. Changes which might occur in renal morphology and function after 30 min of total ischemia and posterior reperfusion were studied in Group 1 (G1), in addition to the action of allopurinol (50 mg.kg-1) on those kidneys, when administered 24 h before the experiment and 1 h before the ischemic procedure in Group 2 (G2). The following parameters: heart rate, inferior vena cava pressure, mean blood pressure, PAH clearance (PAH(c)), renal blood flow (RBF), renal vascular resistance (RVR), creatinine clearance (Cr(c)), filtration fraction, urine output, plasma and urine osmolality, osmolar clearance, free water, sodium and potassium clearance, urine and fractional sodium and potassium excretion, hematocrit, rectal temperature, and left kidney histology were evaluated in four moments: M1 control, and M2, M3, M4 obtained immediately, 15 and 30 min after unclamping of the left renal artery. In G2, M1, M2, M3 and M4 were obtained 45, 90, 105, and 120 min after the second allopurinol dose. Results - Both groups showed the highest values for PAH(c), RBF, and Cr(c), and the lowest values for RVR in M1. Animals were tachycardiac since the beginning of the experiment both in G1 and in G2. The other parameters were not changed. Left kidney histological evaluation showed alterations compatible with acute tubular necrosis in both experimental groups. Conclusions - Alterations found in renal hemodynamics were compatible with the release of vasoconstrictor substances due to renal ischemia. Allopurinol was not effective in preventing renal alterations caused by ischemia and reperfusion.

Hodgkin disease in adult and juvenile groups from two different geographic regions in Brazil: Characterization of clinicopathologic aspects and relationship with Epstein-Barr virus infection

We analyzed clinicopathologic data, immunophenotype, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status in 96 cases of Hodgkin disease (HD) in juveniles (younger than 20 years) and adults (20 years or older) from 2 distinctive states in Brazil. We studied 34 juvenile (group 1) and 16 adult (group 2) cases from Ceara and 31 juvenile (group 3) and 15 adult (group 4) cases from São Paulo. Ceara has a socioeconomic profile similar to a developing country; São Paulo is in better economic condition. Mixed cellularity (MC) was the major histologic subtype among groups 1 (22 [65%]), 3 (21 [68%]), and 4 (7 [47%]); nodular sclerosis (NS) was more frequent in group 2 (8 [50%]). EBV infection was observed in 61 cases (64%), including the following (among others): group 1, MC, 22 (65%) and NS, 4 (12%); group 2, NS, 3 (19%) and MC, 2 (12%); group 3, MC, 16 (52%) and NS, 1 (3%); and group 4, MC, 7 (47%). There was predominance of EBV+ HD cases in group 1 compared with group 3. HD in Brazilian patients is highly associated with EBV infection, but geographic differences reflect histologic subtypes and age distribution.

Isotopic characterization of the metabasites and amphibolites of the Acungui and Setuva Groups of the Ribeira Belt

Pb, Rb, Sr, Sm and Nd isotope analyses were carried out on amphibolitic rocks from Campo Largo (PR), Rio Branco do Sul (PR) and Adrianópolis (PR) and for the metabasite from Adrianópolis and Apiai (SP), all belonging to the Açungui and Setuva Groups, southern portion of the Ribeira Belt. These occurrences were chosen because each exhibits geochemical data indicative of a mantle source, having different signatures. Geochronologic determinations are available only for the Apiai metagabbro with Neoproterozoic ages of 617 ± 4 Ma (U/Pb in zircon) and 839 ± 85 Ma (Rb/Sr, whole rock). Age determinations by Sm/Nd mineral isochron using whole rock, plagioclase and pyroxene yield values of 885 ± 53 Ma for the Apiai metagabbro and 820 ± 84 Ma for the Adrianópolis metabasite. These results agree within error with the Rb/Sr isochron of 839 ± 85 Ma may possibly be interpreted as the time of extraction of the magma from the mantle, as suggested by positive εNd(850) values (+2,76) from an Adrianópolis sample. An εNd values versus 87Sr/86Sr diagram shows that each studied occurrence plots in a different position, following approximately the mantle array trend, the most primitive being the metabasite of Adrian-acopolis, near the MORB field, and the most enriched being the amphibolite from the same region, near the enriched mantle and or crustal contamination field. The distinct difference in isotopic signatures between the amphibolite and metabasite suggests derivation from different mantle sources, as supported by available geochemical data. Nevertheless, some of the samples show isotopic evidence of the action of metamorphism, crustal contamination and weathering.

Effects of protecting broccoli plants with nonwoven polypropyleno

This investigation was conducted between June and September, in an experimental area, whose coordinates are latitude 21°15'22 south and longitude 48°18'58 east, situated at a mean altitude of 575 m. The soil of the area is classified as Red Latossolo (Commission of Soils, 1960), Haplorthox soil. The effects of two cultivation systems: protection with nonwoven polypropyleno and in an open field, on broccoli cultivars 'Baron', 'Shigimori', 'Pinacco' were evaluated. The experiments were a randomized block experimental design, using a factorial arrangement of 3 (cultivars) x 2 (cultivation systems), with four replicates. The characteristics evaluated were precociousness, longitudinal and transverse diameters of broccoli heads, fresh mass of broccoli heads and number of leaves per plant. The 'Baron' cultivar was more precocious, having its harvest at 86 days after transplanting in both cultivation systems. 'Baron', despite being more precocious, had inferior results in relation to the other cultivars. The open field cultivation system was optimum for cultivars 'Shigimori' and 'Pinacco'.

Intercommissural width in 4 racial groups as a guide for the selection of maxillary anterior teeth in complete dentures

Purpose: To determine whether intercommissural width is a reliable guide for the selection of maxillary denture teeth width. Materials and Methods: Casts were made of 160 subjects from 4 different racial groups. Locations of intercommissural width landmarks (the corners of the mouth) were made on the subjects and transferred to the casts. The distances between the corners of the mouth and the distal of the canines were measured on the casts and compared. Results: A weak correlation was found between the distal of the canines and the distance between the corners of the mouth in the 4 racial groups. Conclusion: The use of the corners of the mouth for the selection of artificial teeth is generally inaccurate.

Calling sites and acoustic partitioning in species of the Hyla nana and rubicundula groups (Anura, Hylidae)

We analysed spatial and acoustic partitioning among four species of Hyla belonging to two species-groups: nana (H. nana and H. sanborni) and rubicundula (H. elianeae and H. jimi). Field activities were conducted at three permanent ponds, from 1998 through 2001. Four attributes of the calling sites were analysed: perch height, distance of the perch from the edge of the pond, type of perch (vegetation) and the individual's position on the perch. There was extensive overlap in the four calling-site variables analysed. However, we found spatial segregation did occur in calling site height and the distance of perches from pond edges. Bioacoustic analyses revealed behavioural differences among species in calling activity, both time of onset and peak calling in chorus. There was acoustic partitioning among species the fundamental frequency of the advertisement calls, principally as a function of the temporal structure (e.g. note duration, rate of note repetition, duration and rate of repetition of the calling pulses). We propose that differences in physical attributes of calling site and in characteristics of calls allow these species to exist in sympatry.