Sunflower meal for broilers of 22 to 42 days of age

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Titi monkeys (Callicebus spp., Atelidae : Platyrrhini) in the Brazilian state of Rondonia

Five species of titi monkey (Callicebus brunneus, Callicebus caligatus, Callicebus cinerascens, Callicebus donacophilus, and Callicebus moloch) were recorded in surveys of primate populations at 26 sites throughout the Brazilian state of Rondonia. The distribution of the two species, C. cinerascens and C. donacophilus (recorded in the state for the first time), appeared to be related to that of non-forest ecosystems, the former in the cerrado woodlands, and the latter in gallery forests of the Guapore grasslands. The results of the surveys also indicate that C. brunneus has a more restricted distribution in southern Rondonia than was previously thought, whereas C. moloch is more widespread. However, the ecological factors that determine species distribution in the south of the state remain unclear on the basis of the available data. All species were observed in small social groups of no more than five individuals, which are typical of the genus, generally in the middle and lower forest strata.

Electron scattering and effects of sources of light on photoconductivity of SnO2 coatings prepared by sol-gel

Electro-optical properties of sol-gel derived 2 mol% antimony or niobium doped tin dioxide films have been measured. The electron density has been calculated considering all the relevant scattering mechanisms and experimental conductivity data measured in the range -197 to 25 degrees C. The results support the hypothesis that both ionised impurity scattering and grain boundary scattering have comparable effects in the resistivity of coatings, for free electron density congruent to 5 x 10(18) cm(-3). We have measured variation of photoconductivity excitation with wavelength using xenon and deuterium lamp as light sources. Results show that the main band in the photoconductivity spectrum is dependent on the spectral light source emission, the excitation peak reaching 5 eV (deuterium lamp). This band is due to the recombination process involving oxygen species and photogenerated electron-hole pairs. (C) 1999 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Prediction via neural networks of the residual hydrogen peroxide used in photo-fenton processes for effluent treatment

This communication proposes the use of neural networks in the prediction of residual concentrations of hydrogen peroxide from the treatment of effluents through Advanced Oxidative Processes (AOP's), in particular, the photo-Fenton process. To verify the efficiency of the oxidative process, the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) parameter, the values of which may be modified by the presence of oxidizing agents such as residual hydrogen peroxide, is frequently taken in account. The analysis of the H2O2 interference was performed by spectrophotometry at 450 nm wavelength, via the monitoring of the reaction of ammonia with metavanadate. The results of the hydrogen peroxide residual concentration were modeled via a feedforward neural network, with the correlation coefficients between actual and predicted values above 0.96, indicating good prediction capacity.

Nonresonant third-order nonlinearity of antimony glasses at telecom wavelengths

We report measurements of the nonresonant nonlinear refractive index n(2) in antimony glasses at telecom wavelengths. The measurements were performed using the Z-scan technique with a 130 fs pulsed laser operating at five wavelengths in the range of 1400-1600 nm. Values of n(2)approximate to 10(-15) cm(2)/W were measured and a negligible two-photon absorption coefficient (< 0.003 cm/GW) was estimated for all glasses compositions. The samples present a good figure of merit for ultrafast all-optical switching. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.

On the existence of infinite heteroclinic cycles in polynomial systems and its dynamic consequences

In this work we consider the dynamic consequences of the existence of infinite heteroclinic cycle in planar polynomial vector fields, which is a trajectory connecting two saddle points at infinity. It is stated that, although the saddles which form the cycle belong to infinity, for certain types of nonautonomous perturbations the perturbed system may present a complex dynamic behavior of the solutions in a finite part of the phase plane, due to the existence of tangencies and transversal intersections of their stable and unstable manifolds. This phenomenon might be called the chaos arising from infinity. The global study at infinity is made via the Poincare Compactification and the argument used to prove the statement is the Birkhoff-Smale Theorem. (c) 2004 WILEY-NCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Artificial neural networks for machining processes surface roughness modeling

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Optimization of Radial Basis Function neural network employed for prediction of surface roughness in hard turning process using Taguchi's orthogonal arrays

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Photodesorption and electron trapping in n-type SnO2 thin films grown by dip-coating technique

Thin films of undoped and Sb-doped (2 atg%) SnO2 have been prepared by sol-gel dip-coating technique on borosilicate glasses. Variation of photoconductivity excitation with wavelength and optical absorption indicate indirect bandgap transition with energy of ≅ 3.5 eV. Conductance as function of temperature indicates two levels of capture with 39 and 81 meV as activation energies, which may be related to an Sb donor and oxygen vacancy respectively. Electron trapping by these levels are practically destroyed by UV photoexcitation (305 nm) and heating in vacuum to 200°C. Gas analysis using a mass spectrometer indicates an oxygen related level, which may not be desorbed in the simpler O2 form.

Les patients atteints d'hypertension artérielle: approche de leur vécu

The study aims at exploring the experience of the patients suffering from high blood pressure, analysing the difficulties they evoke and trying to generate similarities. It is a qualitative study, based on the phenomenological method. The interviews highlight the fact that the patients are preoccupied only by the symptoms of high blood pressure. They also show that all the patients live through the disease with a lot of emotions, with feelings of frustration, stress, anxiety and helplessness. A better understanding of the patients' experience must enable the nurses to have better targeted actions.

Improved Conductivity Induced by Photodesorption in SnO2 Thin Films Grown by a Sol-Gel Dip Coating Technique

Thin films of undoped and Sb-doped SnO2 have been prepared by a sol-gel dip-coating technique. For the high doping level (2-3 mol% Sb) n-type degenerate conduction is expected, however, measurements of resistance as a function of temperature show that doped samples exhibit strong electron trapping, with capture levels at 39 and 81 meV. Heating in a vacuum and irradiation with UV monochromatic light (305 nm) improve the electrical characteristics, decreasing the carrier capture at low temperature. This suggests an oxygen related level, which can be eliminated by a photodesorption process. Absorption spectral dependence indicates an indirect bandgap transition with Eg ≅ 3.5 eV. Current-voltage characteristics indicate a thermionic emission mechanism through interfacial states.

Oxygen related defects excitation and photoconductivity dependence of SnO2 sol-gel films with several light sources

Since oxygen vacancies act as donors in SnO2, the electrical properties are related to deviation from stoichiometric composition. Depending on stoichiometry SnO2 can be highly insulating or may exhibit fairly high n-type conductivity. Since bandgap transitions are in the ultraviolet range, its photoconductivity is strongly dependent on the excitation source. We have measured variation of photoconductivity excitation with wavelength for tin dioxide grown by dip-coating sol-gel technique using several light sources: tungsten lamp, xenon, mercury and deuterium, and present selected results. The main band is obtained in the range 3-4eV according to light source spectrum in the ultraviolet range. The presence of oxygen in the cryostat also affects the spectrum since electron-hole pairs react with adsorbed oxygen specimens. © 1999 OPA (Overseas Publishers Association) N.V. Published by license under the Gordon and Breach Science Publishers imprint.

Contribution of oxygen related defects to the electronic transport in SnO2 sol-gel films

SnO2 deposited by sol-gel is a polycrystalline film with small grain size. Oxygen present at a less grain boundary traps electrons and then the depletion layer around the potential barrier of the grain boundary becomes wider, comparable to the grain size. We have modeled the conductivity taking into account the trapped charge at the depletion layer of the grain boundary and other scattering mechanisms such as ionized impurity and polar optical. Experimental data of photoconductivity of SnO2 sol-gel films are simulated considering the dominant scattering at grain boundary and crystallite bulk. The fraction of trapped charge at the grain boundary depends on temperature and wavelength of irradiating light, being as high as 50% for illumination in the range 500-600 nm for SnO2-2%Nb as grown sample annealed in air to 550°C. This fraction can be quite reduced depending on exposure to light and annealing under different oxygen partial pressure conditions.

Avaliação da prescrição médica em pediatria, baseada nos indicadores do uso de medicamentos selecionados pela oms em municipio do interior do estado de São Paulo

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that prescriptions of medicaments must be one parameter utilized to know how the medication is used by people. To do so, one specific methodology has been indicated, that is, the selected indicators of the use the medicaments. We applied this methodology with the aim of presenting a descriptive study of the physician prescription in Pediatric Clinic of the Health Basics Units. The results obtained are: the average number of medicaments prescribed with prescription was 2.6; the percentage of the medicaments prescribed with the generic name was 32%; the percentage of the prescriptions with antibiotics was 44.6%; the percentage of the prescriptions with injections was 10.4%; the percentage of the medicaments prescribed that are part of the municipal list was 22.8%, 27.5% for the program Dose Certs of the secretary of the State of São Paulo, and 50.4% by adding by adding the two lists. The essentiality of the medicaments prescribed may be considered very low, because only 32.6% appear in the RENAME. The percentage of the medicaments really dispensed was 39.9%. The medicaments more prescribed, according to the classification of the Anatomic-Therapeutic-Chemical (ATC), were the ones which acted in Respiratory System (26.8%), followed by anti-infectives for systemic use (16.4%) and by medicaments with acted in Alimentary tract and metabolism (15.8%). The conclusion is that the prescribers are moved by commercial influence of the drug makers, first because of the low prescription of medicaments by their generic name, second by the low number of medicaments effectively dispensed and then the low concordance between the ones prescribed and the ones included in the lists patterned by Tabatinga and by the State of São Paulo.