Estudo da fisiologia de gemas laterais de cana-de-açucar durante o armazenamento

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica) - IBB

Respostas fisiológicas à aplicação de reguladores vegetais e nutrientes em videira ‘crimson seedless'

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Treinamento aeróbio de natação aumenta a atividade de enzimas antioxidantes e o conteúdo de glicogênio no musculoesquelético de ratos

INTRODUCTION: Studies which verified the effects of physical exercise on oxidative stress biomarkers and its relation to muscle glycogen are lack. OBJECTIVE: The present study verified the effects of aerobic swimming training (AST) on biomarkers of oxidative stress, glycogen content and cell growth in the skeletal muscle of rats. METHODS: Eighteen male Wistar rats (60 days) were divided into two groups: Sedentary Group (SG; n = 10): sedentary rats; and Trained Group (TG; n = 8): rats subjected to AST (5.0% of body weight), 1h/day, 5x/week, during 8 weeks. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (AOE) superoxide dismutase (SOD; U/ml), catalase (CAT; µmol/min/100mg), glutathione peroxidase (GPx; nmol/min/100mg), and substances that react with thiobarbituric acid levels (TBARs; nmolMDA/mg protein) were determined in the right gastrocnemius muscle. Glycogen (mg/100mg), protein (g/100g), and DNA (g/100g) contents were evaluated in the left gastrocnemius muscle. Data were analyzed by Student t-test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: AOE activity was higher in the TG group (CAT: 0.87 ± 0.04; SOD: 6.49 ± 0.45; GPX: 6.49 ± 0.52) when compared to SG group (CAT: 0.52 ± 0.03; SOD: 4.10 ± 0.37; GPx: 2.87 ± 0.35). TBARs levels was lower in TG (TG: 2.35 ± 0.45; SG: 8.90 ± 0.47). Gastrocnemius glycogen content (SG: 0.108 ± 0.013; TG: 0.320 ± 0.012) and protein/DNA ratio (SG: 24.94 ± 3.25; TG: 41.68 ± 4.02) were higher in TG group. CONCLUSION: Altogether, these data provide evidence that AST improved antioxidant defense, which may be associated to higher glycogen content of skeletal muscle of the animals.

Treinamento físico e antioxidantes enzimáticos no tecido cerebral de ratos diabéticos experimentais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Treinamento individualizado aeróbio, resistido e concorrente: efeitos sobre os marcadores de estresse oxidativo em ratos Wistar

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Atividade antidiabética, em modelo in vivo, da curcumina administrada em suspensão de iogurte na ausência e na presença de piperina

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Copper oxychloride fungicide and its effect on growth and oxidative stress of potato plants

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Creatine supplementation and oxidative stress in rat liver

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Gastroprotective effects (in rodents) of a flavonoid rich fraction obtained from Syngonanthus macrolepsis

Objectives: Syngonanthus macrolepis, popularly known in Brazil as sempre-vivas', is a plant from the family Eriocaulaceae, it is found in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia. The species contains a variety of constituents, including flavonoids with gastroprotective effect. In this work, a flavonoid-rich fraction (Sm-FRF) obtained from scapes of S.macrolepis was investigated for preventing gastric ulceration in mice and rats.MethodsThe activity was evaluated in models of induced gastric ulcer (absolute ethanol, stress, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and pylorus ligation). The cytoprotective mechanisms of the Sm-FRF in relation to sulfhydryl (SH) groups, nitric oxide (NO) and antioxidant enzymes were also evaluated.Key findingsThe Sm-FRF (100mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced gastric injury in all models, and did not alter gastric juice parameters after pylorus ligation.ConclusionsThe results indicate significant gastroprotective activity for the Sm-FRF, which probably involves the participation of both SH groups and the antioxidant system. Both are integral parts of the gastrointestinal mucosa's cytoprotective mechanisms against aggressive factors.

Efeitos da suplementação da quercetina sobre o rendimento físico em esteira ergométrica e indicadores metabólicos do exercício exaustivo em atletas de futebol

Pós-graduação em Patologia - FMB

Efeitos da exposição à sílica sobre a responsividade vascular e de vias aéreas de ratos

Silicosis, a common type of pneumoconiosis, is an occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of silica dust often with mining activity and thus reaches the miners. The fine and ultrafine silica particles deposited in the alveolar epithelium may lead to the development of progressive massive fibrosis. An increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has been proposed to explain the mechanism for induction of pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis. In this situation, alveolar macrophages are activated to phagocytes silica particles deposited in the alveoli. The activated macrophages secrete large amounts of ROS that in turn induce synthesis of fibrotic factors. In addition, the activity of antioxidant enzymes is impaired, which results in increased lipid peroxidation, as well as generating a local inflammatory process. Diffuse pulmonary fibrosis progresses with interstitial collagen deposition. Interstitial collagen overlies small pulmonary arteries and arterioles and thus it is associated with pulmonary hypertension in pulmonary fibrotic diseases. In addition, cytokines and silica particles passing through the respiratory membrane can reach the bloodstream. In this context, the increase in the generation of ROS in the circulation may lead to a reduction in the bioavailability of nitric oxide, an important endothelium-derived relaxing factor. A deficiency in the nitric oxide bioavailability can result in vascular endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokines could contribute to the impairment of endothelial function. In the airways, pro-inflammatory cytokines can reduce the smooth muscle responsiveness to β- adrenergic agonists as isoproterenol. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of silica dust instillation in the function of the pulmonary artery, aorta and trachea of rats with acute silicosis. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were anesthetized... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Hematological and biochemical changes in a Phrynops geoffroanus (Schweigger, 1812) population in response to environmental stressors

Turtles are among the most endangered vertebrate groups, and the main threats to populations are environmental pollution and habitat degradation. The species Phrynops geoffroanus, popularly known as “Geoffroy’s side-necked turtle”, has proliferated in polluted environments, where adverse conditions could influence their living habits and physiological condition. Studies that monitor the effects of environmental pollution are key to understanding the species’ biology and designing effective conservation strategies. Thus, the analysis of hematological and biochemical parameters has been shown to be important in assessing the health of wild animals and risks for the animal and ecosystem. This study aimed to assess the environmental influence on the physiology of a P. geoffroanus population through the evaluation of antioxidant status and responses to environmental stressors, compared to specimens from a place under controlled conditions. Blood samples of 60 specimens were collected, 30 from the Felicidade Stream, polluted environment, within the city of São José do Rio Preto, and 30 from the “Reginaldo Uvo Leone” breeding farm, Tabapuã, SP, a place under controlled conditions, whose samples constituted the control group. They were evaluated by hemogram and by determining thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). There was a wide variation in hematological parameters of P. geoffroanus from the urban environment. The red blood cell count and hemoglobin values were significantly less than those observed in animals from the breeding farm (P = 0.0004; P = 0.0371, respectively). There was a significant increase in the number of thrombocytes (P < 0.0001) and leukocytes (P < 0.0001) in the animals from Felicidade Stream. The stress indices were similar between the two groups (P = 0.4077). TBARS levels showed the cytotoxic potential of compounds in the urban environment, whose animals had elevated levels of lipid peroxidation (P < 0.0001), despite showing a response to environmental damages with increase in antioxidant capacity, as demonstrated by the TEAC assay (P = 0.0207). The lower catalase enzyme activity noted in individuals from the urban environment (P = 0.000184) could be due to the presence of inhibitory compounds. On the other hand, G6PDH activity was higher (P = 0.002962), where this enzyme acts in the generation of NADPH, which is used in several detoxification pathways. We conclude that environmental contamination can increase oxidative damages and generate physiological changes in this species. These data are very useful for the conservation of P. geoffroanus and turtles in general, and confirm that these techniques are effective in monitoring natural regions and that P. geoffroanus can serve as an environmental contamination bioindicator.

Biochemical and genotoxic effects of a commercial formulation of the herbicide tebuthiuron in Oreochromis niloticus of different sizes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aplicação de extratos de algas marinhas em cafeeiro sob deficiência hídrica e estresse salino

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

Efeito protetor da coenzima Q10 sobre os danos oxidativos da L-Tiroxina no músculo sóleo de ratos: Fabiana Barreiro de Freitas Silva. -

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA