As atividades experimentais no ensino de f��sica

This work was developed from a literature search in order to provide teachers of physics theoretical and methodological requirements for the use of experimentation in physics teaching, with the aim of contributing to the teaching practice of these teachers and, consequently, for improving teaching this discipline. Therefore, to deal in the course of this research, the goals and types of practical activities, new information and communication technologies that fit the experimental approaches and the role of the teacher in this context, specifying the variables that influence and relate with experimental activities. Studies are presented on the methodology and planning of experimental activities to draw attention to the teacher and the important issues relevant to the preparation of these activities as, for example, the proposed objectives and types of discourse and existing approaches for the conduct of practical activities. In this sense, the trend is highlighted for walks where the approach of practical activities, within the context of practices interactionist and are pointed out strengths and weaknesses of different types of activities presented. We also highlight aspects of the learning process associated with some theoretical reference that are on that subject, as Piaget, Vigotski and Ausubel, so that the teacher can apply the concepts in their theories worked in the practical lessons of physics

M��todo de Taguchi aplicado a um processo de corte por fus��o de um tecido sint��tico

A company must have full knowledge and control of its operations so as to meet the market requirements and meet their production goals. Thus this paper uses the Taguchi method to extend the operational control of a cutting process by fusion of a synthetic fabric in the longitudinal direction. For process analysis and tracking of possible causes of the problem techniques of Production Engineering as the cause and effect diagram, also known as Ishikawa diagram, and design of experiments were used, the last one was applied to the design techniques of Taguchi. Finally the preparation method of understanding and design of experiment was due to the use of the software MINITAB v15 ��, which showed that the speed of rolling the fabric after cutting is crucial for controlling the entire operation

A utiliza����o de modelos matem��ticos para a otimiza����o de processos

This dissertation has as main theme the discuss about how the use of mathematical models for process optimization. The current scenario of strong competition to conquer the consumer market necessitates the development of improvements to better performance of the process as a whole, is to reduce costs, increase efficiency or effectiveness. Thus, the use of methodologies to assist in this process is becoming increasingly viable. Methodologies developed in the past are being studied and improved. An example is the Desirability, the object of the present study, which was developed in the 80's and has been improved over time. To understand and study this methodology was applied to the desirability function in three instances, where it was used Design of Experiments (DOE), taken from scientific papers, using the Solver tool (Excel ��) and desirability (Minitab ��). Thus, in addition to studying the methodology, it was possible to compare the performance of tools used for optimization in different situations. From the results of this study, it was possible to validate the superiority of one of the models studied compared fairly

Otimiza����o do processo de usinagem da superliga nimonic 80A utilizando o M��todo de Taguchi

Atualmente, atender as necessidades dos consumidores �� uma das metas mais importantes, os consumidores est��o em busca de produtos com qualidade e pre��os mais acess��veis, para isso, �� indispens��vel que as empresas se atualizem para melhorar seus produtos e servi��os. Com este cen��rio, as superligas est��o cada vez mais ganhando mercado, pois possuem ��timas propriedades, principalmente em rela����o a operar em temperaturas elevadas, podendo proporcionar maior efici��ncia para motores que necessitam trabalhar em altas temperaturas. Em contra partida a essa vantagem, as superligas possuem uma baixa usinabilidade, sendo importante a an��lise do processo de usinagem para se tornarem mais aplic��veis. Este trabalho visa �� otimiza����o do processo de torneamento cil��ndrico da superliga Nimonic 80A, com o intuito de melhorar a qualidade do produto, utilizando o M��todo de Taguchi, com o arranjo ortogonal L16, sendo o comprimento de corte definido como vari��vel resposta e analisados seis fatores que poderiam influenciar na sua varia����o, tais fatores s��o: velocidade de corte, avan��o, profundidade de corte, tipo de pastilha, lubrifica����o e dureza do material. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os fatores avan��o, tipo de pastilha e lubrifica����o s��o significativos e exercem influencia no processo, sendo que o avan��o deve ser ajustado no n��vel de 0,12 mm/rev, a pastilha a ser utilizada deve ser CP250 e a lubrifica����o deve ser feita de maneira abundante, para a otimiza����o do processo. Com a an��lise dos resultados, tamb��m podemos observar a efici��ncia e confiabilidade do m��todo utilizado, mostrando resultados coerentes

Produ����o de 1,3-propanodiol por Klebsiella pneumoniae e Escherichia coli: otimiza����o de meio e clonagem de genes

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudo do ultrassom de pot��ncia no pr��-tratamento do material lignocelul��sico de res��duos da bananeira

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Determina����o das melhores condi����es de hidr��lise f��sica com ultrassom de pot��ncia em res��duos de amendoim

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Modelos Matem��ticos e M��todos de Solu����o para Problemas de Dimensionamento de Lotes

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Otimiza����o do processo de soldagem por resist��ncia el��trica em comp��sitos PEI/fibras cont��nuas para aplica����es aeron��uticas

P��s-gradua����o em Engenharia Mec��nica - FEG

Utiliza����o de metaheur��sticas combinada a diferentes m��todos de aglutina����o para a otimiza����o de um processo de torneamento com m��ltiplas respostas

P��s-gradua����o em Engenharia Mec��nica - FEG

Microencapsulation of turmeric oleoresin in binary and ternary blends of gum arabic, maltodextrin and modified starch

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Avalia����o dos par��metros tempo, corrente e press��o na soldagem por resist��ncia el��trica de comp��sitos PEI/fibras cont��nuas: influ��ncia na resist��ncia mec��nica

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Produ����o de celulases por fungos filamentosos da Ant��rtica: busca por novo recurso gen��tico para obten����o de bioetanol

Na busca de novos recursos gen��ticos capazes de produzir enzimas celulol��ticas a baixas/m��dias temperaturas, o continente Ant��rtico vem demonstrando ser um ambiente bastante promissor. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a influ��ncia de diferentes fatores na produ����o de celulases por fungos filamentosos isolados de amostras da Ant��rtica visando otimiza����o do processo poss��vel aplica����o das mesmas na produ����o de etanol de segunda gera����o. Foram utilizados os fungos L1-1 e E5B da Central de Recursos Microbianos da UNESP (CRM-UNESP) os quais foram previamente selecionados devido ao potencial celulol��tico. O delineamento experimental foi utilizado para analisar a influ��ncia de vari��veis independentes na produ����o enzim��tica. A quantifica����o da celulase foi realizada pelo m��todo do ��cido dinitrosalic��lico (ADNS). Antes de iniciar �� aplica����o dos planejamentos experimentais, foram adotadas estrat��gias para tentar minimizar e otimizar ao m��ximo o potencial dos isolados, as quais resultaram no estabelecimento da melhor agita����o e a temperatura para a produ����o de celulase em 150 rpm e 20��C, para os dois isolados estudados. Inicialmente os fungos E5B e L1-1 apresentavam suas produ����es enzim��ticas em 0,233U/mL e 0,342U/mL, respectivamente (antes da aplica����o dos desenhos experimentais). Durante a condu����o do planejamento experimental do tipo Plackett&Burman(PB), foi verificada a prefer��ncia dos isolados pela fonte de carbono glicose, com efeito significativo na produ����o de celulases para os dois isolados. Tendo em vista o seu elevado custo comercial, foram realizados estudos com a sacarose, uma fonte de carbono alternativa e mais barata, bem como indutores enzim��ticos. Ap��s tr��s planejamentos experimentais do tipo PB, foi selecionado o isolado L1-1 como o melhor produtor da enzima celulase. Ap��s a condu����o de um quarto planejamento experimental do tipo Fatorial Fracionado 24-1, as...

Formula����o de extrato aquoso de tremo��o branco (Lupinus albus L.) adicionado de suco de pitanga utilizando metodologia de superf��cie de resposta

The aim of the present study was to verify, through the response surface methodology, the optimum conditions for the combined use of aqueous extract of white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) and tropical pitanga juice (Eugenia unifl ora L.) in the development of a drink. Therefore, the independent variables were represented by the volume of aqueous extract of lupine (mL) and by the volume of pitanga juice (mL). The dependent variables (responses) were obtained through sensory test of acceptance (���appearance���, ���aroma���, ���taste��� and ���overall acceptability���). The combined optimization of the variables pointed the second formulation (50mL of aqueous extract of lupine and 30mL of pitanga juice) of the experimental project as the most adequate. In conclusion it was possible to get a drink with attractive sensory characteristics using aqueous extract of white lupine and tropical pitanga juice. The usage of response surface methodology made possible the determination of regions of maximum acceptance for each attribute evaluated in the formulation of a drink with aqueous extract of white lupine and pitanga juice, with a minimum of tests.

Efeito de par��metros vari��veis de fermenta����o sobre o crescimento celular e composi����o qu��mica do fermentado de batata-doce

This study aimed to evaluate the use of sweet potato as a substrate for the production of spirits. In order to promote an alternative technologically feasible, an experimental design was performed to minimize the operations of preparation, defining the most adequate conditions for the fermentation process. From sweet potato flour obtained by milling and dehydration process of the roots was carried out an enzymatic process of hydrolysis-saccharification of suspension of sweet potato flour with 18% dry matter. The hydrolyzate was used in the fermentation process which followed the 23 full factorial experimental design with central and axial points, and the independent variables were the concentration of reducing sugars, concentration of viable yeast and fermentation temperature. The dependent variables were viable cells, residual sugar, ethanol, glycerol and methanol. The dependent variables were quantified by liquid chromatography. The data analysis indicate that the best fermentation conditions among the tested conditions were: concentration of yeast 5 x 107-1 x 108 in number of viable cells, total reducing sugars from 12.5 to 13.5% and temperature between 33 -34��C.