Seleção de métodos para avaliação do cobre disponível nos solos

Fez-se um estudo de seleção de métodos para cobre disponível, empregando-se trinta solos coletados na região de Jaboticabal, SP. Os solos utilizados pertencem aos seguintes grandes grupos: Solos Podzolizados de Lins e Marília, variação Lins e variação Marília, Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro fase arenosa, Latossolo Roxo, e Terra Roxa Estruturada. O cobre dos solos foi extraído através das seguintes soluções extratoras: CaCl2 0,5 M; Mg02 2,0 N; CH3COONH4 1,0 N1 pH 6,0 e pH 4,8; HCl 0,05 N e O,1 N; H2SO4 0,05 N; DTPA 0,005 M pH 7,3 e pH 6,0; EDTA 0,01 M + (NH4)2CO3 1,0 MpH 8,6; EDTA 0,02 M + CH3C0011 0,5 M + CH3COONH4 0,5 M pH 4,65 (AAAc-EDTA); e Na2EDTA 1,0%. Foi realizado ensaio em casa de vegetação, e o milho (Zea mays L.) foi empregado como planta teste. Excluindo-se o extrator CaCl2 0,5 M, todos os demais apresentaram coeficientes de correlação entre cobre extraído do solo e o absorvido pelo milho, significativos e próximos uns dos outros. Assim, com base também em parâmetros como o coeficiente de variação, o coeficiente angular e a praticidade do método, pode-se indicar um dos seguintes extratores para a avaliação do cobre disponível dos solos: DTPA 0,005 M pH 7,3, HCl 0,1 N e Na2EDTA 1,0%.

Seleção de extratores químicos para avaliação da disponibilidade de zinco em solos do estado de São Paulo

The purpose of this study was to evaluate methods for predicting availability of Zn in soils. Surface soil samples representing Podzolized soils from Lins and Marilia var. Marilia and var. Lins, medium texture Dark-Red Latosol, Dusky-Red Latosol and Terra Roxa Estruturada, were gathered from fields in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. Com was used as indicator plant in a greenhouse experiment. Availability of Zn was determined with: 0.5 M CaCl2, 2.0 N MgCl2, N CH3COONH4 (pH 6.0 and 4.8), 0.05 and 0.1 N HCl, 0.05 N H2SO4, 0.005 M DTPA (pH 7.3 and 6.0), 1.0% Na2-EDTA, 0.01 M EDTA + 1.0 M (NH4)2CO3 (pH 8.6) and 0.02 M EDTA + 0.5 M CH3COOH + 0.5 M CH3COONH4. By using the simple correlation coefficients (Zn extracted from soils x absorbed by plants it can be concluded that the complexant agents and acid solutions showed to be efficient. The salt solutions showed low extraction capacity, low correlation coefficients and less accuracy. By considering aspects as accuracy and easy management DTPA pH 7,3 and Na2-EDTA can be indicated as the most apropriates (r values, respectively, 0.873** and 0.868** and V.C. 7.52% and 7.98%).

Épocas de semeadura da soja I. Efeitos na produção de grãos e nos componentes da produção

O presente trabalho foi realizado como objetivo de estudar os efeitos de épocas da semeadura na produção de grãos e nos componentes de produção de três cultivares de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) de ciclos culturais distintos. Os experimentos foram desenvolvidos em campo, no município de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo (latitude 22º 51 'S e longitude 48º 27'W.Grw.), em solo classificado como Terra Roxa Estruturada, durante os anos agrícolas de 1977/78, 1978/79 e 1979/80. As cultivares empregadas foram Paraná, Santa Rosa, UFV-1. As semeaduras, em número de seis, foram realizadas com intervalos, aproximadamente, quinzenais, com início de semeadura em outubro. Foram avaliados: a produção de sementes (kg/ha), número de vagens/planta, percentagem de vagens normais e peso de 100 sementes. As maiores produções de grãos, para as três cultivares, foram obtidas nas semeaduras realizadas na segunda quinzena de outubro e durante o mês de novembro. O número de vagens por planta e o peso de 100 grãos foram os componentes da produção que mais sofreram efeitos das épocas de semeadura.

Similaridade geometrica de bacias hidrograficas e o mapeamento de solos.

The following soil classes were identified in the studied area: Quartz Sands (AQ), Yellow Red Podzolic, Dusky Red Latosol (LR), 'Terra Roxa estruturada' (TE), Lithosol substrate sandstone (Lia) and Hidromorphic (Hi). The dimensional analysis method allowed: a) to group the watershed whose percentage (60%) are showing predominance of the same soil (Quartz Sands) and which located in the same relief; b) to group watersheds with different soil classes, but with similar percentages. -from English summary

Numero de dias de ocorrencia de orvalho em Botucatu, SP.

This paper analyses the dew occurrence in Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, in the period from 1971 to 1984. The phenomenon was observed on the grass plot of the Climatological Station in the 'Presidente Medici' Experimental Farm. The station is installed on soil 'Terra Roxa Estruturada', on a middle slope, declivity of 8% and east exposure. Days with dew were summed for the following periods: month, year, season, no rainy period and rainy period. For each period the following values were calculated: mean, mean standard errors and mean confidence interval. Also the absolute extreme values and the amplitude of variation were determined. The confidence interval of the mean were calculated by the 't' statistic, at the level of 5% of error probability. The means were compared by using the 't' statistic, at the level of 5% of error probability. The following table of values corresponds to the regime of dew occurrence in Botucatu, expressed in number of days with dew. The dew occurrence regime in Botucatu was analysed comparatively with the regime at Itatinga, in Sao Paulo State and with the regime of Rio Grande, in Rio Grande do Sul State. -English summary

Uso de resíduos agroindustriais nas produções de cana-de-açúcar, açúcar e álcool

In order to study the effect of gypsum, lime and the mixture of lime-gypsum, associated with syrup in the agricultural and industrial production and in the rooting of sugar-cane (Saccharum spp.), var. IAC 58-480, one experiment was carried out in soil Terra Roxa Estrutura. Sugar-cane was planted in November 1986, and the cane-plant harvesting in September 1988. Three successive harvests were collected.The experiment was set in a randomized block design with seven treatments and four replications .The treatments were: T1 - 1.2 ton/ha of lime; T2 - 0.8 ton/ha of lime + 0.4 ton/ha of gypsum; T3 - 0.6 ton/ha of lime + 0.6 ton/ha of gypsum; T4 - 0.4 ton/ha of lime + 0.8 ton/ha of gypsum; T5 - 1.2 ton/ha of gypsum; T6 - 2.4 ton/ha of gypsum; T7 - control. Syrup was applied at the amount of 45 m3/ha.In September 1990, after the third harvesting, the second application of the treatments was made, the gypsum being applied in amounts four times greater than those of that put into practice at the planting. During harvest, the following parameters were evaluated: number, length and average diameter of the stalks; yield; and probable sugar and theoretical alcohol production per hectare.The results showed that the second application of the treatments recuperated the crop. Greater yields were achieved when the gypsum was associated with lime or syrup.

Alteration of soil properties through a weathering sequence as evaluated by spectral reflectance

In the study of physical, chemical, and mineralogical data related to the weathering of soils and the quantification of their properties, remote sensing constitutes an important technique that, in addition to conventional analyses, can contribute to soil survey. The objectives of this research were to characterize and differentiate soils developed from basaltic rocks that occur in the Parana state, Brazil and to quantify soil properties based on their spectral reflectance. These observations were used to verify the relationship between the soils and reflectance with regard to weathering, organic matter (OM), and forms of Fe. From the least to the most weathered soil, we used a Typic Argiudoll (Reddish Brunizem), Rhodudalf (Terra Roxa Estruturada), and Rhodic Hapludox (Very Dark Red Latosol). The spectral reflectances between 400 and 2500 nm were obtained in the laboratory from soil samples collected at two depth increments, 0- to 20- and 40- to 60-cm, using an Infra Red Intelligent Spectroradiometer (IRIS). Correlation, regression, and discriminant estimates were used in analyzing the soil and spectral data. Results of this study indicated that soils could be separated at the soil-type level based on reflectance intensity in various absorption bands. Soil collected in the 40- to 60-cm depth appeared to have higher reflectance intensities than those from the 0- to 20-cm depth. Removal of OM from soil samples promoted higher reflectance intensity in the entire spectrum. Amorphous and crystalline Fe influenced reflectance differently. Weathering of basaltic soils was correlated with alterations in the reflectance intensities and absorption features of the spectral curves. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that this technique was efficient in the estimation of clay, silt, kaolinite, crystalline Fe, amorphous Fe, and Mg through the use of reflected energy of the soils.

Aspectos sensoriais e físico-químicos de iogurtes de soja com espessantes/estabilizantes à base de fécula de inhame (Dioscorea alata), amido modificado e gelatina

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Crescimento das macrófitas aquáticas flutuantes Pistia stratiotes e Salvinia molesta em diferentes condições de temperatura e fotoperíodo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Inspiração a dois: a dança em contexto crítico dialogia com artes visuais

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

Interação ecológica entre duas espécies de macrófitas aquáticas flutuantes Pistia stratiotes L. e Salvinia molesta (Michell)

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal) - IBRC

Perfil sensorial e aceitação de pães formulados com prebióticos

Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos - IBILCE

Perfil sensorial e aceitação de bolos de laranja formulados com prebióticos

Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos - IBILCE

Estudo da vida-de-prateleira do suco de laranja concentrado e congelado

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Uma proposta de inovação no cardápio escolar baseada na avaliação do programa de alimentação escolar de Piracicaba-SP

Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR