Efeitos das cardioplegias sangüínea e cristalóide no miocárdio hipertrófico de coelho: avaliação estrutural e ultra-estrutural

OBJETIVO: Comparar e avaliar experimentalmente as alterações estruturais e ultra-estruturais em corações hipertrofiados isolados de coelhos submetidos à parada protegida pela solução de cardioplegia sangüínea e cardioplegia cristalóide. MÉTODO: O estudo compreendeu um grupo controle e dois grupos experimentais. No grupo I, a parada cardíaca foi obtida pela infusão da solução de cardioplegia sangüínea contínua e tépida. No grupo II, a parada cardíaca foi conseguida pela infusão da solução de cardioplegia cristalóide intermitente e fria. No grupo controle, os corações foram submetidos à parada anóxia normotérmica por 45 minutos. Após experimentos, oito amostras da parede lateral do ventrículo esquerdo foram coletadas e fixadas em formaldeído 10% e glutaraldeído 2,5% para análises estrutural e ultra-estrutural. RESULTADOS: Os resultados estruturais e as descrições ultra-estruturais mostraram que os corações submetidos à parada protegida pela cardioplegia sangüínea contínua e tépida (grupo I) estavam mais preservados com alterações celulares menos acentuadas se comparados aos submetidos à parada protegida pela cardioplegia cristalóide intermitente e fria (grupo II) e ao grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO: A cardioplegia sangüínea contínua e tépida (Grupo I) foi mais eficiente na preservação da integridade estrutural e ultra-estrutural do miocárdio, quando comparada à cardioplegia cristalóide intermitente e fria (Grupo II).

Uso de nifedipina e incidência de lesão renal aguda em pós-operatório de cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio com CEC

OBJETIVO: Avaliar durante o período perioperatório o uso da nifedipina na incidência de lesão renal aguda dos pacientes submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio com circulação extracorpórea. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados, de modo prospectivo e sequencial, 94 pacientes submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio com circulação extracorpórea. As dosagens da creatinina sérica foram realizadas durante pré-operatório e pós-operatório de 24, 48 horas e no 7º dia. Estabeleceu-se como definição para presença de lesão renal a elevação da creatinina sérica 30% em relação ao seu valor basal nas primeiras 24 ou 48 horas de pós-operatório. Os pacientes foram divididos em quatro grupos: G1, que recebeu nifedipina no pré-operatório; G2, que recebeu nifedipina no pós-operatório; G3, que recebeu nifedipina no pré e pós-operatórios e, G4, que não recebeu nifedipina. RESULTADOS: O grupo G4 mostrou maior elevação do percentual de creatinina sérica e maior percentual de pacientes que apresentaram insuficiência renal aguda em relação aos demais grupos no pós-operatório. CONCLUSÃO: Os valores da creatinina sérica e a incidência de lesão renal aguda no pós-operatório sugerem possível efeito nefroprotetor da nifedipina em pacientes submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio com circulação extracorpórea.

Características morfológicas do miocárdio ventricular de Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomun; Characidae, Cuvier, 1818)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Edema agudo pulmonar associado à obstrução das vias aéreas. Relato de caso

BAKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Negative pressure pulmonary edema has been defined as non-cardiogenic edema, with transudation of fluid to the interstitial space of the lungs due to an increase in negative intrathoracic pressure secondary to obstruction of the upper airways. This is the case of a healthy patient who underwent general anesthesia and developed acute pulmonary edema after extubation. CASE REPORT: A 23-year old female patient, physical status ASA II, underwent gynecologic videolaparoscopy under general anesthesia. The procedure lasted 3 hours without intercurrence. After extubation the patient developed laryngeal spasm and reduction in oxygen saturation. The patient improved after placement of an oral cannula and administration of oxygen under positive pressure with a face mask. Once the patient was stable she was transferred to the recovery room where, shortly after her arrival, she developed acute pulmonary edema with elimination of bloody serous secretion. Treatment consisted of elevation of the head, administration of oxygen via a face mask, furosemide and fluid restriction. Chest X-ray was compatible with acute pulmonary edema and normal cardiac area. Electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram and cardiac enzymes were normal. The condition of the patient improved and she was discharged from the hospital the following day, asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: Acute pulmonary edema associated with obstruction of the upper airways can aggravate surgical procedures with low morbidity, affecting mainly young patients. Early treatment should be instituted because it has a fast evolution and, in most cases, resolves without lasting damages. © Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia, 2008.

Infarto do miocárdio experimental em ratos: Análise do modelo

One of the most often used strategies to study the physiopathological alterations caused by coronary occlusion is the use of the experimental infarction model in rats. Among other factors, this is due to the similarities in the physiopathological alterations that occur after the infarction in humans. One must consider, however, that this model has characteristics that can hinder the use as well as the interpretation of eventual outcomes. Thus, this review aims at analyzing the main characteristics of the experimental infarction model in rats, discussing the coronary occlusion technique, the consequences and the methods of morphological and functional assessment of the infarction and its clinical implications.

Edema agudo de pulmão de pressão negativa como complicação grave de síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono em crianças. Relatos de casos

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is related to cardiopulmonary complications in children. It is important to know its patophysiology and possible complications to help reduce risks in this group. Aims: To report three cases of severe cardiorespiratory complications of obstructive sleep apnea managed in the intensive care unit (ICU). Case report: Two children with no previous diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome suffered acute congestive heart failure and acute lung oedema with need of ICU and improved after adenotonsillectomy. In a third case, the patient had acute lung oedema as a complication after adenotonsillectomy. Conclusions: Paediatricians and otolaryngologists must be aware of the clinical manifestations of severe sleep apnea. Early referring to treatment and special attention at pre and post surgical periods are essentials to avoid serious complications.

Relevãncia do padrão de remodelamento ventricular no modelo de infarto do miocárdio em ratos

Background: The relevance of the remodeling pattern in the model of infarcted rats is not known. Objective: To analyze the presence of different patterns of remodeling in this model and its functional implications. Methods: Infarcted rats (n=47) have been divided according to the geometry pattern, analyzed by echocardiogram: normal (normal mass index and normal relative thickness), concentric remodeling (normal mass index and increased relative thickness), concentric hypertrophy (increased mass index and increased relative thickness) and eccentric hypertrophy (increased mass index and normal relative thickness). Data are median and interquartile range. Results: Infarcted rats showed only two of the four geometric patterns: normal pattern (15%) and eccentric hypertrophy - EH (85%). Groups of normal pattern and EH showed no differences in the values of fractional area change (Normal = 32.1-28.8 to 50.7; EH = 31.3-26.5 to 36.7; p = 0.343). Out of the infarcted animals, 34 (74%) had systolic dysfunction, detected by fractional area change. Considering these two geometry patterns, 77% of animals with eccentric hypertrophy and 57% with normal geometry presented systolic dysfunction (p=0.355). The relative wall thickness, the geometric patterns and the body mass index were not predictors of ventricular dysfunction (p>0.05). On the other hand, infarct size was a predictive factor for ventricular dysfunction in univariate analysis (p<0.001) and multivariate analysis (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Rats that underwent coronary occlusion showed two different patterns of remodeling, which do not constitute a predictor of ventricular dysfunction.

Efeito agudo do aquecimento realizado através de exercícios dinâmicos e jogo de futebol em campo reduzido sobre a agilidade em crianças

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of warm up performed by dynamic exercises (DYN) and small sided soccer game (SOC) on agility with ball (AB) and agility without ball (AG). Eighteen children of both genders (n=18) performed the AB and AG tests after three conditions: without warm-up (WWU), DYN and SOC. The effects of DYN and SOC warm-ups on AG test was higher than WWU (p<0,05) and it was similar among them (WWU=12,2 ± 1,0, DYN= 11,3 ± 0,7, SOC=11,4 ± 0,6 s), as well as on AB test (WWU=15,0 ± 2,1, DYN= 14,4 ± 2,1, SOC=14,0 ± 1,6 s). Results in both tests were similar by gender, except in AB test performed with DYN warm-up, in girls. SOC is an effective warm-up protocol for agility tests with or without ball and can be used before agility motor tasks in children.

Avaliação dos níveis de frutosamina em gatos sob estresse agudo e crônico

Fructosamine are glycated serum proteins that are formed continuously due to the reaction between glucose and circulating proteins, and corresponding to the blood glucose control assessment over the last one to two weeks in cats. The fructosamine concentration has been used for differentiation between persistent and transient hyperglycemia. Therefore, the determination of fructosamine is considered the gold standard for monitoring glycemia into control in diabetic cats. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of acute and chronic stress of cats on serum fructosamine. 62 cats were selected from the Veterinary Hospital of FMVZ - UNESP, Botucatu campus. They were distributed into three groups: cats with a history of any illness or stress condition, excluding Diabetes Mellitus (DM), for a maximum of 48 hours (Group A, n = 21) or for a period exceeding 120 hours (Group B n = 27). The third group (Group C = control) was formed by 14 health cats. The groups were evaluated for serum fructosamine, glucose, protein and albumin. In this study, there was a significant increase in the values of fructosamine in animals subjected to acute and chronic stress, but these values remained within the reference range. The animals were, on average, normoglycemic, despite the positive correlation between fructosamine and glucose concentrations. We conclude that the fructosamine concentration is influenced by acute and chronic stress in cats, remaining, however, within the reference range, and therefore, still useful in the diagnosis of DM.

Efeito agudo do alongamento estatístico na curva força-tempo isométrica de idosas em exercício mono e multiarticular

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Avaliação histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica do miocárdio de cães com leishmaniose visceral: Fernando Azadinho Rosa. -

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

Efeitos do hormônio de crescimento sobre o metabolismo energético e estresse oxidativo no miocárdio de ratos portadores de insuficiência cardíaca secundária à estenose aórtica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)