483 resultados para Resíduos industriais


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O objetivo deste artigo é, essencialmente, fundamentar teoricamente as políticas industriais, sobretudo mostrando as razões da preferência por um referencial teórico não equilibrista e não-maximizador. Busca-se também definir de maneira eficaz estas políticas, destacando seus resultados positivos - pelo menos potencialmente - em termos de alguns parâmetros (produção, eficiência, produtividade, renda, bem-estar, etc.). Para isso define-se política industrial, analisando-se também as razões da despreocupação com uma fundamentação mais rigorosa das políticas industriais. Em seguida, apresenta-se sucintamente se uma teoria capaz de embasar estas políticas, ao mesmo tempo em que se analisa se tais teorias são importantes (ou não), em termos empíricos. Nesta segunda parte discute-se a possível utilidade da política industrial, enfatizando falhas de mercado, bens públicos, mercados não-competitivos, externalidades e desenvolvimento tecnológico.

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From a theoretical foundation favorable to industrial policies, this paper intends to show the main policies followed by Ireland since the 1950s, with a special emphasis on those directed to Science, Technology and Innovation (S,T&I), FDI and high tech sectors, like software and biotechnology. We compare these policies with those used in Brazil, in a similar period, in order to have some hints for virtual transformations of current Brazilian policies. We conclude that the compromise of the State with the direction of the development and the continu-ity of industrial policies is very important to a solid building of comparative advantages in technologically dynamic sectors.

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The purpose of this paper is to essentially provide a theoretical framework to industrial policies, especially showing the reasons for preference of a theoretical framework that is not based on equilibrium, and not based on maximization. We sought to define these policies, highlighting their positive results – at least potentially – in terms of some parameters (production, efficiency, productivity, income, welfare etc.). In this sense, we defined industrial policy, also analyzing the reasons for the usual lack of concern with a more rigorous theoretical framework for industrial policies. Following that, we briefly discussed whether or not a certain theory can lay the foundation for these policies, also examining if such theories are important (or not) in empirical terms. In the fourth section, we investigated the possible use of industrial policies, emphasizing market failures, public goods, non-competitive markets, externalities and technological development. Finally, we discussed about evaluation approaches of industrial and technological policies, focusing with more detail on the challenges related to the evaluation of economic effects of industrial and technological policies, and the methodologies of evaluation of these policies.