Cholecystokinin actions in the parabrachial nucleus: effects on thirst and salt appetite

The present study investigated the effects of bilateral injections of the nonselective CCK receptor antagonist proglumide or CCK-8 into the lateral parabrachial nuclei (LPBN) on the ingestion of 0.3 M NaCl and water induced by intracerebroventricular injection of ANG II or by a combined treatment with subcutaneous furosemide (Furo) + captopril (Cap). Compared with the injection of saline (vehicle), bilateral LPBN injections of proglumide (50 mu g . 200 nl(-1). site(-1)) increased the intake of 0.3 ill NaCl induced by intracerebroventricular ANG II (50 ng/1 mu l). Bilateral injections of proglumide into the LPBN also increased ANG II-induced water intake when NaCl was simultaneously available, but not when only water was present. Similarly, the ingestion of 0.3 M NaCl and water induced by the treatment with Furo (10 mg/kg) + Cap (5 mg/kg) was increased by bilateral LPBN proglumide pretreatment. Bilateral CCK-8 (0.5 mu g . 200 nl(-1). site(-1)) injections into the LPBN did not change Furo + Cap-induced 0.3 M NaCl intake but reduced water consumption. When only water was available after intracerebroventricular ANG II, bilateral LPBN injections of proglumide or CCK-8 had no effect or significantly reduced water intake compared with LPBN vehicle-treated rats. Taken together, these results suggest that CCK actions in the LPBN play a modulatory role on the control of NaCl and water intake induced by experimental treatments that induce hypovolemia and/or hypotension or that mimic those states.

Virial coefficients from (2+1)-dimensional QED effective actions at finite temperature and density

From spinor and scalar (2 + 1)-dimensional QED effective actions at finite temperature and density in a constant magnetic field background, we calculate the corresponding virial coefficients for particles in the lowest Landau level. These coefficients depend on a parameter theta related to the time-component of the gauge field, which plays an essential role for large gauge invariance. The variation of the parameter theta might lead to an interpolation between fermionic and bosonic virial coefficients, although these coefficients are singular for theta = pi/2.

Controlling the Eccentricity of Polar Lunar Orbits with Low-Thrust Propulsion

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Symplectic actions on coadjoint orbits

We present a compact expression for the field theoretical actions based on the symplectic analysis of coadjoint orbits of Lie groups. The final formula for the action density α c becomes a bilinear form 〈(S, 1/λ), (y, m y)〉, where S is a 1-cocycle of the Lie group (a schwarzian type of derivative in conformai case), λ is a coefficient of the central element of the algebra and script Y sign ≡ (y, m y) is the generalized Maurer-Cartan form. In this way the action is fully determined in terms of the basic group theoretical objects. This result is illustrated on a number of examples, including the superconformal model with N = 2. In this case the method is applied to derive the N = 2 superspace generalization of the D=2 Polyakov (super-) gravity action in a manifest (2, 0) supersymmetric form. As a byproduct we also find a natural (2, 0) superspace generalization of the Beltrami equations for the (2, 0) supersymmetric world-sheet metric describing the transition from the conformal to the chiral gauge.

The Noether theorem for geometric actions and area preserving diffeomorphisms on the torus

We find that within the formalism of coadjoint orbits of the infinite dimensional Lie group the Noether procedure leads, for a special class of transformations, to the constant of motion given by the fundamental group one-cocycle S. Use is made of the simplified formula giving the symplectic action in terms of S and the Maurer-Cartan one-form. The area preserving diffeomorphisms on the torus T2=S1⊗S1 constitute an algebra with central extension, given by the Floratos-Iliopoulos cocycle. We apply our general treatment based on the symplectic analysis of coadjoint orbits of Lie groups to write the symplectic action for this model and study its invariance. We find an interesting abelian symmetry structure of this non-linear problem.

Rapid, quantitative determination of polar compounds in fats and oils by solid-phase extraction and size-exclusion chromatography using monostearin as internal standard

A rapid and simple method was developed for quantitation of polar compounds in fats and oils using monostearin as internal standard. Starting from 50 mg of oil sample, polar compounds were obtained by solid-phase extraction (silica cartridges) and subsequently separated by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography into triglyceride polymers, triglyceride dimers, oxidized triglyceride monomers, diglycerides, internal standard and fatty acids. Quantitation of total polar compounds was achieved through the internal standard method and then amounts of each group of compounds could be calculated. A pool of polar compounds was used to check linearity, precision and accuracy of the method, as well as the solid-phase extraction recovery. The procedure was applied to samples with different content of polar compounds and good quantitative results were obtained, especially for samples of low alteration level.

Local actions with electric and magnetic sources

Superstring field theory was recently used to derive a covariant action for a self-dual five-form field strength. This action is shown to be a ten-dimensional version of the McClain-Wu-Yu action. By coupling to D-branes, it can be generalized in the presence of sources. In four dimensions, this gives a local Maxwell action with electric and magnetic sources.

Super-Maxwell actions with manifest duality

Superstring field theory was recently used to derive a four-dimensional Maxwell action with manifest duality. This action is related to the McClain-Wu-Yu Hamiltonian and can be locally coupled to electric and magnetic sources. In this letter, the manifestly dual Maxwell action is supersymmetrized using N = 1 and N = 2 superspace. The N = 2 version may be useful for studying Seiberg-Witten duality. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

Pasti-Sorokin-Tonin actions in the presence of sources

Pasti, Sorokin, and Tonin have recently constructed manifestly Lorentz-invariant actions for self-dual field strengths and for Maxwell fields with manifest electromagnetic duality. Using the method of Deser et al., we generalize these actions in the presence of sources.

Synergistic actions of 50°C water and imazalil dip treatments to preserve quality of late-season 'Marsh' grapefruit

Late-season grapefruits (Citrus paradisi Macf. cv. Marsh seedless) were dipped in water at 50°C for 3 min with and without 200 ppm imazalil (IMZ) or 1000 ppm IMZ at 19°C and were subsequently stored at 7°C and 90-95% relative humidity (RH) for 11 weeks plus one week at 21°C and approximately 75% RH to simulate a marketing period (SMP). Residue concentrations in fruit after treatment with 200 ppm IMZ at 50°C were 3.46 ppm, about twice the level (1.80 ppm) found in fruit treated with 1000 ppm IMZ at 19°C. Fungicide degradation rates during storage showed similar patterns resulting in an approximately 50% decrease. Both fungicide treatments significantly reduced decay and chilling injury (CI) during storage and SMP. Hot water reduced CI and decay but not as effectively as the IMZ treatments. Soluble solids concentrations were not affected by treatments, IMZ treatments resulted in significantly lower values of titratable acidity and higher concentrations of ethanol in the juice after SMP. Weight loss was significantly higher in fruit dipped in water at 50°C after SMP. No visible damage occurred to the fruit as a result of any of the treatments.

Manifestly covariant actions for D = 4 self-dual Yang-Mills and D = 10 super-Yang-Mills

Using an infinite number of fields, we construct actions for D = 4 self-dual Yang-Mills with manifest Lorentz invariance and for D = 10 super-Yang-Mills with manifest super-Poincaré invariance. These actions are generalizations of the covariant action for the D = 2 chiral boson which was first studied by McClain, Wu, Yu and Wotzasek.

Profile evaluation of orthodontic professionals as for their legal actions

Objective: Evaluate the legal actions and behavior in the doctor/patient relationship, used by dental surgeons practicing orthodontics. Methods: The population sample of the present study consisted of dental surgeons, active in the field of orthodontics, and registered with Dental Press Publishing Company - Maringá/PR, Brazil, with a total sample size of 525 professionals. The research was conducted using a 17-question survey forwarded to these professionals. Results and Conclusions: The majority of participants in our study are specialized in orthodontics; 75% of professionals use some sort of contract at the office/clinic; 73.7% of professionals periodically request maintenance X-rays; a large percentage of professionals (58.9%) keep patient records on file for life. The interviewed professionals demonstrate good knowledge of the Brazilian Code of Ethics in Dentistry, especially of Chapter XIV - on Communication.

Supply Chain Management practices in the electro-electronics sector in Brazil: Evolutionary approach, information technology adoption and management actions

This paper examines the current level of adoption of Supply Chain Management (SCM) practices in the electro-electronic sector in Brazil and aims to identify the management and Information Technology (IT) actions that have been implemented to support the adoption of those practices. An e-mail survey was conducted. Descriptive statistics techniques were employed for data analysis. This study makes contributions to the electro-electronics sector and to the topics related to SCM, such as identifi cation and level of adoption of SCM practices. Another contribution of this research is the investigation of whether approaches such as Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP), Workshop with Customers, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Workshop with Suppliers and electronic Kanban are commonly used to support SCM practices. So far, this is the fi rst research on SCM practices in the electro-electronics sector in Brazil. Copyright © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.