Das Avaliações Externas do Sistema à Avaliação Institucional

A temática avaliação tem sido o centro de inúmeras discussões e debates, na busca constante de uma educação de qualidade. Focamos nossa discussão nas avaliações externas, realizadas pelo governo federal que abrange a educação básica (ensinos fundamental e médio) e do ensino superior. Neste estudo analisamos as atuais políticas de avaliações externas realizadas pelo governo federal, suas implicações e limitações na busca de se mensurar a qualidade da educação. Mediante pesquisas bibliográfica e documental, o estudo em questão é resultado da investigação e discussão dos estudos de alguns autores que discutiram a temática e contribuíram para a reflexão sobre as atuais políticas de avaliações externas e seus reais motivos, assim como da análise de documentos do próprio governo federal. Discutimos os exames nacionais vigentes. Na sequência analisamos os possíveis motivos e direcionamentos das avaliações nacionais. Ao final do estudo, propomos a avaliação institucional de cada escola como forma de aprimorar e ampliar o atual processo avaliativo desenvolvido pelo governo federal.

A implantação do plano de desenvolvimento da escola nas escolas públicas paulistas: análise crítico-propositiva

Este texto é fruto de um projeto de extensão que promove a reflexão entre professores da Universidade Estadual Paulista e diretores e supervisores da Delegacia de Ensino da Região de Marília/SP. O MEC vem defendendo a adoção do PDE nas escolas públicas que não atingiram as metas definidas pelo IDEB. Nosso objetivo é analisar as propostas do PDE, identificando suas origens, suas características e a concepção de gestão que o embasam. Do mesmo modo, confrontar com o PPP das escolas, analisando suas implicações e consequências para a gestão. A Metodologia adota as pesquisas: bibliográfica, documental (PDE e PPP) e a pesquisa ação com o grupo de estudos em que participam diretores e supervisores da rede estadual e docentes e discentes da UNESP. Como resultados, identificamos que a concepção de gestão, consubstanciada no PDE, caminha em sentido oposto ao da concepção do PPP, especialmente no que se refere à gestão democrática.

Mecanismos envolvendo receptores opióides μ do núcleo parabraquial lateral no controle da ingestão de água e sódio

No sistema nervoso central (SNC), mecanismos excitatórios e inibitórios atuam para controlar a ingestão de água e sódio. Importantes mecanismos inibitórios da ingestão de água e sódio foram recentemente descobertos no núcleo parabraquial lateral (NPBL). Um papel importante do NPBL seria integrar as informações ascendentes da porção medial do núcleo do trato solitário (NTSm) e da área postrema (AP) que por sua vez poderiam influenciar a atividade das áreas prosencefálicas envolvidas no controle do balanço hidroeletrolítico, como núcleos específicos do hipotálamo e amígdala. Estudos prévios sugerem a presença de um importante mecanismo serotonérgico inibitório da ingestão de água e sódio no NPBL. Além do mecanismo serotonérgico também já foi demonstrado no NPBL a existência de um mecanismo colecistocinérgico que também exerce um papel inibitório sobre a ingestão de água e sódio. Em um estudo anterior em que se injetou um agonista e um antagonista inespecíficos de receptores opióides (β-endorfina e naloxona, respectivamente) no NPBL foi demonstrado que mecanismos opióides no NPBL podem modular o mecanismo inibitório da ingestão de água e sódio, porém não se sabia qual ou quais dos três subtipos de receptores opióides (μ, δ ou κ) estariam envolvidos nesse mecanismo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

A narrativa audiovisual da transmissão direta e ao vivo da copa do mundo da FIFA: comparação entre a televisão analógica e a digital

Pós-graduação em Comunicação - FAAC

Conhecimento de mães sobre os procedimentos de emergência nos casos de avulsão dentária

Introduction: Despite tooth avulsion following trauma being relatively common in children, the available studies show that adults have limited knowledge about it. Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess, by a questionnaire, the mothers’ general knowledge about the immediate management of tooth avulsion. Material and method: This descriptive study was carried out on a convenient sample of mothers (n= 65) who participated of the “Pastoral da Criança”, from Araraquara, SP, Brazil. The questionnaire comprised 15 questions about personal data and knowledge on tooth avulsion management. Results: Participants were, on average, 35 years old. A total of 30.8% of the mothers reported that their children suffered dental trauma. The majority had never received advice on this subject (76.9%); and did not know how teeth are kept in the dental arch (69.2%). Almost a half of the sample believed that an avulsed tooth can be replanted (49.2%). In relation to the management of tooth avulsion, 40% of them would clean the avulsed tooth with water, even if it was not dirty (38.5%). Most of them (69.2%) would take the tooth by hand for cleaning purposes, regardless the tooth region; and believed that brushing the tooth was important to take the dirty out (67.7%). Conclusion: The general knowledge of mothers about the immediate management of tooth avulsion was considered inadequate endangering the successful treatment of tooth avulsion.

Conhecimento de mães sobre promoção de saúde bucal em bebês

The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge level on oral health promotion for babies of all mothers (n=60), aged 18-42 years, assisted in the Preventive Dentistry Clinic of the Faculty of Araraquara, at Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), during the period 2005-2008. Methods - An interview was performed using a questionnaire with 18 open and five closed questions about knowledge and practices related to caries prevention as well as demographic information. Methods - The majority believed that breast milk does not cause caries (73,3%), that caries is not a transmissible disease (51,6%) and that anatibiotics cause caries (63,3%). Almost all mothers (93,3%) responded that brushing teeth could prevent the disease, action that should be initiated since first tooth erupts (75%). For 73,3% of the respondents, the use of dental floss should be initiated onle after all deciduous teeth erupt. Results - The majority (83,3%) knew what was fluoride, but a third of them (33,3%) did not know the best time to start using it. The dentist counseling related to oral health of babies was considered imoprtant by 96,7% of mothers. Conslusion - The mothers presented good knowledge about baby's oral hygiene, however, they did not know about other important variables for oral health promotin of babies.

Por uma teoria crítica das relações internacionais: as contribuições de Jürgen Habermas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Distribuição natural de espécies arbóreas em áreas com diferentes níveis de antropização e relação com os atributos químicos do solo

With the emergence of areas degraded by human activities, the chemical soil properties and silvicultural characters became important in understanding the succession process of tree species and planning of landscape restoration. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of tree species in areas with different levels of human disturbance, relating silvicultural aspects to the soil chemical properties and characterizing the type of vegetation, for integration of genetic conservation program in situ. The study was conducted in the area of Research and Extension Experimental Farm (FEPE) from UNESP, Ilha Solteira, in Selviria - MS. Through transect, 64 plots were marked 50 m equidistant with dimensions of 10 x 10 m, where: 29 plots were in an highly disturbed area (HDA), five in moderately disturbed area (MDA), 15 in lowly disturbed area (LDA), six in riparian stream of Vestia river (Riparian Forest) and nine in the legal reserve. Soil samples were collected at two depths (0.0 to 0.20 and 0.20 to 0.40 m) for the chemical analysis and the assessment of silvicultural characters, such as height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and shape. The study of the natural distribution of tree species and edaphic condition in the different evaluated areas showed that: the soil chemical properties associated with the level of human disturbance and conservation of the areas are influencing the natural occurrence, species diversity and development of the trees. Height, DBH and shape are good indicators to assess the growth of the tree community and relate them to soil chemical properties; LDA and legal reserve presented higher natural occurrence, number of individuals and number of species. In the riparian forest, basal area values, height, shape and chemical soil properties were higher. From the 97 species found, six have the potential to be used in a program of genetic conservation in situ. They are: Astronium fraxinifolium, Terminalia argentea, Curatella americana, Cupania vernalis, Qualea jundiahy and Andira cuyabensis.

Differential response of clones of eucalypt to glyphosate

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Initial growth of bauhinia variegata trees under different colored shade nets and light conditions

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Indicadores de sustentabilidade para conservação genética de Erythrina velutina Willd., em área de mata ciliar

One of the greatest challenges for the agricultural system is to establish agricultural production combined with the conservation of genetic resources, mainly aiming to protect the Permanent Preservation Areas. In this context, mulungu ( Erythrina velutina Willd), among other native species, has been suffering with anthropogenic pressures in various ecosystems, causing reductions in its genetic basis. This work aims to identify ecological and genetic population parameters as indicators of sustainability in two natural populations of mulungu, located in riparian forest, in the state of Sergipe, and to assess the tendency to their sustainability, aiming genetic conservation of the species. The matrix of Pressure-State-Impact/Effect-Response (PEI/ER) was used with the selection of 13 indicators, from the use of RAPDmolecular markers and biochemical (enzymes) markers in populations, in order to present them as relevant information to measure progress as for sustainability and conservation ofmulungu. The studied populations presented low tendency to sustainability, requiring strategies to change this status.

Efeito do ângulo de derrubada no rendimento do Feller Buncher em floresta de Eucalyptus spp

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Avaliação do grau de conhecimento sobre Leishmaniose e Toxoplasmose em moradores do município de Araçatuba, SP

Considering the importance of zoonotic infections by Leishmania spp. and Toxoplasma gondii in Araçatuba region, São Paulo, this study determined the degree of knowledge of residents of Araçatuba about these two diseases. Questionnaires about these diseases were applied to 123 people. Regarding schooling, all the respondents were literate, and 69.9% (86/123) did not attend higher education and 30.8% (37/123) completed an undergraduate degree. Of these, 91.9% (34/37) knew the meaning of the term zoonosis, with significant difference compared to those who were not trained. This word was unknown by 57% (29/123) of total respondents. Most non-graduates, 59.3% (51/86) did not know what is toxoplasmosis and among graduates, 35.1% (13/37) ignored the subject.There were significant difference between these groups. Regarding the prevention of Leishmania infection, a greater proportion of the residents advocated environmental cleanup, the collar repellent and use of citronella. In relation to toxoplasmosis, 54.5% did not know the ways of transmission of this disease and among those with graduate degree, 13 ignoring any transmission medium. When it comes to prevention of this disease, 55.3% (68/123) did not know any prophylactic. In the group of higher education, 14 did not know how to prevent toxoplasmosis. The results of this study show that the majority of respondents are not aware about the mode of transmission of these diseases, especially in relation to toxoplasmosis.

A transmissão vertical do HIV na Percepção de Mulheres Brasileiras

This study had the aim of verify the perception of women and pregnant women about the HIV vertical transmission. It was approved by the Ethical Review Board. A semistructured questionnaire, pretested, was used, with open and closed questions which presented variables about socioeconomiccultural status and HIV vertical transmission. After informed consent, 114 women were enrolled in the study, 72 of them pregnant women, who looked for health care on the public health service of a Brazilian city, at São Paulo State, from October, 2009 to January, 2010. None of the interviewed women knew the meaning of HIV vertical transmission term. When asked about HIV transmission from mother to child, 86.8% answered it could happen, but half of them didn’t know how it occurred and only 34.2% knew how to prevent, but in a deficient way. As conclusion, these women did not know the HIV vertical transmission term and when they had some knowledge this was limited. These results serve as support for a preventive program for conscientization of women about HIV vertical transmission.

Estrutura da população e epidemiologia de Moniliophthora roreri no Magdalena Medio Colombiano

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)