Dissipation and its consequences in the scaling exponents for a family of two-dimensional mappings

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Mitochondrial DNA of Nellore and European x Nellore crossing cattle of high performance

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of high and low molecular weight glutenin subunits, and subunits of gliadin on physicochemical parameters of different wheat genotypes

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Sintering of tin oxide and its applications in electronics and processing of high purity optical glasses

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Processing of high performance composites based on peek by aqueous suspension prepregging

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ab initio study of high tridymite by the formalism generator coordinate Hartree-Fock

The Generator Coordinate Hartree-Fock (GCHF) Method is applied to generate extended 14s 8p and 17s 11p Gaussian basis sets for the atoms O and Si, respectively. The role of the weight functions in the assessment of the numerical integration range of the GCHF is shown. The Gaussian basis sets are contracted to [6s4p] O atom and [8s5p] Si atom by the Dunning's segmented contraction scheme. To evaluate the quality of our contracted [6s4p] and [8s5p] bases in molecular calculations we accomplish calculations of total and orbital energies in the Hartree-Fock-Roothaan method for O-2 and SiO molecules. We compare the results obtained with the our (14s 8p) and (17s 11p) bases sets with the of 6-311G basis and with values from the literature. The addition of one d polarization function in the silicon basis and its utilization with the basis for oxygen leads to the calculation of electronic properties and IR Spectrum of high tridymite in space group D-3d. (C) 1999 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Diurnal variation in oral temperature, sleepiness and performance of high school girls

Evaluation of rhythmic fluctuations cf physical and mental variables should be of special significance for the understanding of students' performance and setting the schedules of school activities. The present study investigated the pattern of diurnal variation in oral temperature, sleepiness and performance of a group of adolescents undergoing a daytime school schedule. Eighteen girls (mean age 16 years-old), who attended the same class from 0715h to 1645h, were tested on seven days. They measured their oral temperature, quantified their sleepiness level by means of a visual analogue scale, and completed the following tests: letter cancellation test, addition test, and a simple motor task. One-way ANOVA statistics for repeated measures was used in order to verify the effect of test time on oral temperature,sleepiness and performance. Possible correlations between the level of sleepiness and performance were investigated by means of Spearman rank correlation. The results revealed significant time of day effect cn all variables, except for the number of addition errors. Oral temperature values showed an increase from morning to afternoon. Letter cancellation, motor task and addition scores increased from early morning to late afternoon, showing rapid fluctuations throughout the day. Sleepiness level was negatively correlated with letter cancellation scores during the first three tests of the day. In agreement with other work, the diurnal variation of oral temperature, letter cancellation and addition test showed an improvement as the day progressed. Sleepiness, on the other hand, decreased throughout the day, with the highest level associated with the first test of the day, suggesting a circadian pattern of variation rather than a cumulative effect due to school activities.

Exhumation of high-pressure granulites of the Guaxupe Complex, southeastern Brazil

This paper describes tectonic and metamorphic features of Precambrian rocks from the Guaxupe Complex and Varginha Shear Zone (VSZ) near the city of Guaxupe in the southern part of the Sao Francisco Craton, southeastern Brazil. The VSZ separates the metasediments of Araxa Group to the north from the granulites of Guaxupe Complex to the south. The sinistral transcurrent VSZ crosses the entire area striking approximately E-W, bending towards SE in the eastern part. Because of this bend, transpressional movement occurred, facilitating the exhumation of the garnet-rich rocks of the deepest exposed part of the granulite-facies terrane.In the garnet granulites the highest pressure-temperature conditions recorded are approximately 1040 degreesC and 14.4 kbar. The rocks underwent decompression from 14.0 kbar to 8.0 kbar, cooling from 980 degreesC to 710 degreesC, the retrograde path following the boundary between the kyanite and sillimanite stability fields. This interval is interpreted to record the uplift of the lower crustal granulite-facies terrane and re-equilibration during magmatic intrusions. For the felsic granulites an interval of 700-810 degreesC and 8.0-11.5 kbar was attained, also pointing to regional decompression.The granulites of the Guaxupe Complex comprise a medium- to high-pressure lower-crustal terrane, with local occurrences of higher-pressure garnet-rich gneisses, which were uplifted along a transpressional segment of the VSZ. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Effects of high intensity running to fatigue on isokinetic muscular strength in endurance athletes

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of high intensity exhaustive running exercise on the muscular torque capacity of the knee extensors for two types of contraction (concentric and eccentric) at different angular velocities (60 and 180 degrees/s) in well-trained runners. Eleven male runners specialized in middle and long-distance running volunteered to participate in this study. Initially each subject performed, on different days, two familiarization sessions on an isokinetic dynamometer and an incremental treadmill test to volitional exhaustion to determine the velocity associated with the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA). The subjects then returned to the laboratory on two occasions, separated by at least seven days, to perform maximal isokinetic knee contractions at each of the velocities under eccentric (Ecc) and concentric (Con) conditions. Conducted randomly, one test was performed after a standardized warm-up period of 5 min at 50% VO2 max. The other test was performed 15 min after continuous running at OBLA until volitional exhaustion. Following this high intensity exercise there was a significant reduction of Con at 60 degrees/s and a significant reduction of Ecc at both velocities. Percent strength losses after running exercise were significantly different between contraction types only at 180 degrees/s. We can conclude that the reduction in isokinetic peak torque of the knee extensors after a session of high intensity exhaustive running exercise at OBLA depends on the contraction type and angular velocity.

Effect of exercise mode on the blood lactate removal during recovery of high-intensity exercise

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of exercise mode on the blood lactate removal during recovery of high-intensity exercise. Nine male individuals performed the following tests in order to determine the blood lactate removal: Running - 2x200 m, the subjects ran at their maximum capacity, and rested 2 min between each bout. Swimming - 2x50 m, the subjects swam at their maximum capacity, and rested 2 min between each bout. Each test was realized on different days with three recovery modes: passive (sitting down), swimming, or running. Recovery exercise intensity was corresponding to the aerobic threshold. All recovery activities lasted 30 min. The two forms of active recovery were initiated 2 min after the end of high-intensity exercise and lasted 15 min, and were followed by 13 min of seated rest. After 1,7, 12,17, and 30 min of the end of high-intensity exercise, blood samples (25 mu l) were collected in order to determine the blood lactate concentration. By linear regression, between the logarithm of lactate concentration and its respective time of recovery, the half-time of blood lactate removal (t1/2) was determined. Time of high-intensity exercise and the lactate concentration obtained in the 1(st) min of recovery were not different between running and swimming. Passive recovery (PR) following running (R-PR=25.5+/-4.3 min) showed a t1/2 significantly higher than PR after swimming (S-PR=18.6+/-4.3 min). The t1/2 of the sequences running-running (R-R=13.0 min), running-swimming (R-S=12.9+/-3.8 min), swimming-swimming (S-S=13.2+/-2.8 min), and swimming-running (S-R=12.9+/-3.8 min) were significantly lower than the t1/2 of the R-PR and S-PR. There was no difference between the t1/2 of the sequences R-R R-S, and S-S. on the other hand the sequence S-R showed a t1/2 significantly lower than the sequences S-S and R-R. It was concluded that the two forms of active recovery determine an increase in the blood lactate removal, regardless of the mode of high-intensity exercise performed previously. Active recovery performed by the muscle groups that were not previously fatigued, can improve the blood lactate removal.

Effect of high laryngeal mask airway intracuff pressure on the laryngopharyngeal mucosa of dogs

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of increased of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) intracuff pressures on the laryngopharyngeal mucosa. Study Design: Animal model. Methods: Sixteen mixed-breed dogs were randomly allocated to two groups, G1 (intracuff volume, 30 mL; n = 8) and G2 (intracuff volume, 54 mt; n = 8), to produce, respectively, high or very high intracuff pressures. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with pentobarbital. Intracuff pressures were measured immediately after insertion and inflation of a No. 4 laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes thereafter. The dogs were euthanized, and biopsy specimens from eight predetermined areas of the laryngopharynx in contact with LMA cuff were collected for light microscopic (LM) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination. Results: Initial LMA cuff inflation in G1 and G2 resulted in intracuff pressures of 119 mm Hg +/- 4 mm Hg and 235 mm Hg +/- 13 mm Hg, respectively. Over a 2-hour period, the intracuff pressure decreased significantly in G1 (P < .001) and G2 (P < .01), and there was a significant difference between the groups over time (P < .001). The LM study of laryngopharyngeal mucosa in both groups showed mild congestion in the subepithelial layer. There were no differences between the groups (P > .10) or among the areas sampled (P > .10). In some areas of G2, the SEM study showed epithelial desquamation that was more intense than that in GI. Conclusions: the increase in LMA intracuff pressure caused only mild alterations in the laryngopharyngeal mucosa of the dog.

Kinetic evaluation of the pyrolysis of high density polyethylene over H-AlMCM-41 material

The AlMCM-41 material with Si/Al=50 was synthesized by hydrothermal method, using cethyltrimethylammonium as template. The protonic H-AlMCM-41 acid form was obtained by ion exchange with ammonium chloride solution and subsequent calcination. The characterization of the material by several techniques showed that a good-quality MCM-41 material was obtained. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) has been submitted to thermal degradation alone, and in presence of the exchanged H-AlMCM-41 catalyst at a concentration of 1: 1 in mass (H-AlMCM-41/HDPE). The reactor was connected on line to a gas chromatograph connected to a mass spectrometer. This process was evaluated by thermogravimetry (TG), from 350 to 600degreesC, under helium dynamic atmosphere, with heating rates of 5.0; 10.0 and 20.0 degreesC/min. From TG curves, the activation energy, calculated using a multiple heating rate integral kinetic method, decreased from 225.5 KJ.mol(-1), for the pure polymer (HDPE), to 184.7 KJ.mol(-1), in the presence of the catalyst (H-AlMCM-41/HDPE).