Efeitos da fosfatagem em pré-plantio nas condições químicas do solo e no desenvolvimento da cultura da cana-de-açúcar

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal - FEIS

Água-mãe na produção romanesca de José Lins do Rego

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Lutas ecossociais no contexto do agronegócio canavieiro: (re)ordenação social nas lutas contra a queima de cana-de-açúcar e por uma reforma agrária ambientalizada. -

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Produção e imobilização de celulases em matriz de agarose com diferentes ativações químicas

Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - IQ

Produção e estudo da imobilização de lipases fúngicas visando à obtenção enzimática de biodiesel

A atual demanda por produtos alternativos que substituam os combustíveis fósseis, causadores de alto impacto ambiental negativo, tem fomentado pesquisas em diferentes áreas como o emprego de lipases microbianas como biocatalisadores no setor de energia. Como mais uma forma de busca por tecnologias limpas, há também interesse no aproveitamento de resíduos agroindustriais. Nessa vertente, o Brasil como grande produtor agrícola se destaca na geração de subprodutos como o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. Uma alternativa mais ecológica para atender a essa demanda é a produção de biodiesel, produzido a partir da transesterificação de triglicerídeos de origem animal ou vegetal, tendo como características não ser tóxico, ser biodegradável e fonte renovável de energia. As lipases são enzimas que aceleram reações de hidrólise e síntese, podendo ser obtidas de microorganismos por meio de processos de fermentação em estado sólido, porém com alta demanda de recursos financeiros para sua produção. Hoje em dia, o que está em alta na indústria de tecnologia com enzimas é a utilização de resíduos agroindustriais e processos de imobilização com o intuito de diminuir os gastos em sua produção, um dos gargalos para seu uso mais amplo. Neste trabalho foi analisada a viabilidade do uso do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar misturado a farelos de soja ou trigo como meios de cultivo em fermentação semi-sólida, assim como a melhor concentração de umidade para o desenvolvimento de lipases pelo microorganismos estudados. Foi testada também a viabilidade de imobilização das lipases produzidas em suporte de celite

Geoprocessamento na análise da vulnerabilidade ambiental desencadeada pela monocultura de cana-de-açúcar na bacia do distrito Santa Olímpia (Piracicaba/SP)

Sugar cane production is of the utmost importance to the economy of the entire Brazil, due to its multiple utility, being used as the raw material for the manufacture of various items, particularly, sugar and alcohol. In areas of sugarcane monoculture, the appropriate management of soils and water is essential, not only for the maintenance of the quality of the environment, but also for the quality of life of the population. Among the main impacts generated by the cultivation of sugar cane, stands out the withdrawal of the riparian forest, which is essential to the balance and maintenance of the ecosystem. Before that, the present work aimed at mapping the environmentally vulnerable areas in the basin of a tributary of the Corumbataí river, located in the district Santa Olímpia, in the city of Piracicaba-SP. For the purpose, techniques were used in Geoprocessing, aiming to produce thematic maps of Slope, for the Use and Occupation of Land, of Permanent Preservation Areas (APP), Soil and Geological of the basin of interest. From these mappings, the analysis was performed multi-criteria, which resulted in the Map of Environmental Vulnerability. This mapping environmental assessment of the study area, indicating proposals of practices for the management and conservation of soil and water resources, for the purpose of improving the environmental quality of the analyzed area. In this way, the research of this nature, may help in the decision-making on the part of the governmental bodies as well as civil society

Produção de hidrolisado enzimático de farinha de batata-doce para fermentação etanólica

Recently there is a great quest of producing alcohol from starchy resources, replacing the sugar cane. The most common starchy sources are cassava, maize and sweet potatoes and a lot of research are been realized with excellent results. In this work it was evaluated the influence of the concentration of dry matter on the enzymatic hydrolysis process of starch from sweet potato for ethanol production. Through the sweet potato was produced a flour using a low-cost method and easy operation equipments. The sweet potato flour was characterized physical and chemically and from these results was prepared the treatments for enzymatic hydrolysis. The experimental design considered as independent variable the dry matter concentration of the sweet potato flour in 3 levels; 10, 15 and 20% in the formulation of suspensions. The other variables were keeping constant being: temperature in the 1° hydrolysis step of 90°C and time of 2 hours; temperature in the 2° saccharification step of 60°C and time of 17 hours. The hydrolysates obtained at the three assays were transferred to six liter enlerynmeyer and inoculated with a biologic catalyst, Saccharomyces, dehydrated yeasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CAT 1, at a rate of 5% in weight. The flasks were placed in a shaker type orbital with controlled temperature of 30°C during a time of 15 hours. The initial reducer sugars concentration and respective ethanol concentrations in wine were: 11.2% glucose and 2.16% ethanol in the suspension with 10% of dry matter; 13.5% glucose and 4.39% ethanol with 15% and 17.5% glucose and 6.03% ethanol in suspension with 20% of dry matter. ix The results showed that the higher percentage of dry matter carried out to higher sugar yield in hydrolyzed. It was possible observed that products quality improved with a higher concentration of dry matter

Produção de xilanase e xilosidase por Aspergillus versicolor

Os fungos são microrganismos heterótrofos e desenvolvem-se bem sobre os mais variados substratos orgânicos. O fungo filamentoso Aspergillus versicolor foi utilizado nesse trabalho para a produção das enzimas xilanase e xilosidase. Essas enzimas são importante para algumas indústrias tais como: indústria de papel, sucos e cervejarias. Os esporos e conídios foram obtidos em meio sólido ágar-aveia e foram inóculados em meio líquido, nos quais as fontes de carbono foram xilana, pó sabugo de milho e pó bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. Houve uma maior produção de proteínas no meio intracelular (0,21 mg/mL) em relação ao meio extracelular (0,0171 mg/mL). A atividade da enzima xilanase foi maior no meio extracelular (0,177 U/mL) e em relação a enzima xilosidase foi maior no meio intracelular (0,034 U/mL). Foi possível mostrar através da cromatografia ascendente em sílica gel os produtos hidrolíticos formados. Também foi avaliado as diferenças nos perfis protéicos das amostras contendo as enzimas extracelulares e intracelulares. A boa atividade de xilosidade obtida do micélio traz perspectivas para estudos de imobilização multipontual em suportes sólidos objetivando a produção de xilose

Biodegradação da vinhaça resíduo da produção de etanol

The State of São Paulo is responsible for the largest sugar cane production in Brazil, as well as the largest production of ethanol made of this raw material – which is widely used as fuel for automobiles. This utilization began in the 1970’s, with the institution by the Brazilian government of the National Alcohol Program (PRO-ÁLCOOL), as a consequence of the petroleum crisis, rising again five years ago, with the development of flex fuel cars. The obtaining process of ethanol originates residues; amongst them, vinasse is the one that’s generated in the largest amount (an average of 10 to 13 litres/litre of ethanol produced). The disposal of this residue in waters was only forbidden in 1978, but before that, researchers had already been investigating its utilization as raw material. This paper had the objective of accompany the biodegradation of vinasse by evaluating the oxygen comsumption during it until the ultimate Biochemical Oxygen Demand (uBOD), performed in twenty days; another objective was to analyse the biomass production of Saccharomyces cerevisae in this residue. Physical and chemical analyses of the residue were also performed, as well as acute toxicity essays using Daphnia similis and Dugesia tigrina, before and after its biodegradation. The physical and chemical analyses pointed elevated acidness (pH = 3,98), conductivity (8,30 mS/cm) and COD (25.693,43 mg O2/L) and mean quantity of suspended solids (5.246 mg/L). The toxicity essays indicated absence of toxic potential in vinasse after biodegradation for both species. The uBOD degradated until 88,22% of the COD, demonstrating the possibility of biodegradation of most of the residue’s organic load in a relatively short period of time. S. cerevisae caused a 37,03% COD diminution in vinasse, diminished its conductivity and promoted a slight elevation of the pH; it obtained low biomass...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Avaliação do desempenho ambiental da produção canavieira com colheita mecanizada: contribuição à implantação de um sistema simplificado de gestão ambiental da propriedade

The consuming of the natural resources in the agricultural sector does not represent only one external factor of the productive process, but also it implies in a bigger cost for the production, justified for this environmental degradation. In view of the necessity of evaluating the sustainment of the agricultural businesses, the use of performance indicators if makes of extreme importance. The measurement of the support through environmentalindicators is one of the most accepted forms of performing the evaluation of one given agricultural activity. In this context, the Base System for Eco-certification of Agricultural Businesses (Eco-cert Rural) developed by the Embrapa Environment at Jaguariúna/SP, has for purpose to present a method of evaluation of the agricultural businesses, not only of the point of view of the ecological performance, as well as considering the social, economic and organizational aspects. Through the analysis of the performance of the activity and the regularization of the disconformities found, it makes possible the eco-certification of the activities in the varied existing protocols, offering technologies designed to the sustainable development of the agricultural businesses. Using Eco-cert.Rural, this work evaluated the contribution of the use of mechanized harvest in sugar cane handling, front to the traditional system of manual harvest, using the fire. In the Sugar Cane Activity General Performance Index, Agrícola Rio Claro scored 2,08 of a maximum of 15. Amongst all the indicators, those wich reached performance worse had been related to the Use of Energy and the Income, by increasing fossil fuel consumptiom, and implying income concentration due to resignations of rural workers. However, the improvements on the environment quality by supressing manual harvest through fire are very significant. Beyond the great reduction in...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Utilização da programação por metas e análise por envoltória de dados para seleção de variedades de cana de açúcar para plantio em uma usina sucroalcooleira

Organizational change is occurring in the Brazilian agribusiness from sugar cane in recent decades. Aspects of management in this sector are being changed due to the importance of its products, especially ethanol and electricity. It is observed in the literature a lack of quantitative studies in this Brazilian sector, particularly the selection of sugarcane varieties for planting. This study proposes the use of Goal Programming (GP) with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to select efficient varieties of sugarcane for planting in a sugar and ethanol milling company. The study allowed the identification of efficient sugarcane varieties. This way, it helped the company to make more reliable decisions, favoring the increase of productivity

Produção de cerveja, utilizando méis de diferentes origens botânicas como adjuntos

This study aimed to produce beer, using different botanical origins of honeys (orange, eucalyptus and wild), as malt adjuncts, and their Physical-chemical and sensorial characterizations. The production was made with malt, water, hops and honey. All musts were adjusted to 12 Brix, and the concentration of honey in the formulation was 45% (based on the extract), except for the control (0%). The physical and chemical analysis were performed on malt (extract content), honey (pH, free acidity, lactonic acidity, total acidity, color, turbidity, extract content, moisture content, reducing sugar, total reducing sugar and sucrose) in wort (content extract, pH, color, turbidity, fermentability ,bitterness and total acidity) and beer apparent extract, apparent fermentability, real extract, real fermentability, alcohol content, pH, total acidity, total foam, foam density , bitterness, carbon dioxide, color and turbidity). Sensory analysis was performed by nine-points hedonic scale testing. The attributes evaluated were appearance, aroma, flavor and overall. The results were submitted to ANOVA and means compared by Tukey testing at a 5% of probability. Beer with honey as adjuncts’ had high fermentability and low content of fat, compared to the pure malt beer. The addition of honey as an adjunct did not affect the majority of the physical-chemical parameters, except for turbidity, whereas beer with honey showed the highest value for this feature, in addition, it has also presented their biterness differences the values for beer with honey were lower. The different types of honeys did not affect the acceptability of beer, however, the beer with honey showed greater acceptance between beer with malt and honey

Rafard (SP) e a cultura da cana-de-açúcar: considerações sobre a urbanização e as relações sociais

We intend to expose this paper a brief review about the social factors that include the capitalist system. Having the city of Rafard as our focus of study, we are going to analyze how agribusiness and migration have great political significance in this small town, and still are determining factors for socio-cultural training of its citizens, as well the formation and economic development of their own city. We are going to observe how a town with only 8.599 inhabitants is subjected to the laws dictated by capital through the interference of a large sugarcane agro industrial production unit present in its territory

Consumo e incorporação de água na produção de commodities brasileiras

Water is one of the main inputs in agribusiness and is traded indirectly through the sale of agricultural products such as orange (juice or fresh) and cane sugar (ethanol and refined sugar). This study aims to estimate the proportional mass of water present in the products exported in the form of agricultural commodities considering the amount of water incorporated into the product in its genesis by plant photosynthesis, reinforcing a reflection on virtual and real water export, as well to indicate subsidies to management, planning and taxing of water resources

Análise das emissões de gases do efeito estufa na produção do milho através da fertilização por resíduos de biocombustível. Estudo de caso : Dedelow - Brandemburgo - Alemanha

The focus of this research study were gas exchange between soil and atmosphere of nitrous oxide (N2O) between different fertilization treatments Corn The research, conducted in the experimental field Dedelow - Brandenburg / Germany, analyzed three different fertilization treatments, aiming to quantify GHE emissions, to identify the influence of the residue of biogas in the release of these gases process in agricultural soils in search for a solution fertilization less harmful to the environment and the greenhouse effect , based on the comparison of three treatments: organic fertilization, mineral fertilization and no fertilization. It was found through the analysis of the measurements that the first was the one which issued N2O, showing that even though coming from the residue of biogas , when returned to the soil, it becomes harmful to the environment and global warming . The cultivation of energy crops can lower or raise the emissions of greenhouse gases, so it is necessary for further research on this question not only in Germany , where such research is in continuity, but also in Brazil, a pioneer in the introduction to his energy matrix of a biofuel produced from cane sugar