366 resultados para concepções de natureza


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O atual cenário do ensino da Educação Física no Brasil caracteriza-se como um complexo campo de conflitos, no qual emergem e embrenham-se diferentes proposições teórico-metodológicas, originadas desde meados da década de 1980 no processo histórico de emancipação, superação e ressignificação da Educação Física. Tais concepções, em contraposição ao criticado e tradicional ensino técnico-esportivista, propõe que na escola os conteúdos abordados deveriam propiciar a apropriação crítica e autônoma das diversas manifestações da Cultura de Movimento. Sendo assim, cabe analisar como os professores, autores e não meros aplicadores, lidam com mudanças curriculares. É primordial analisar criticamente as práticas pedagógicas dos professores que vivenciam e implementam tais mudanças curriculares. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar como se caracteriza a relação saberes docentes-ensino de lutas entre professores da rede pública estadual de São Paulo, no cenário de implementação do currículo oficial de Educação Física. Foi realizado um estudo de natureza qualitativa; os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com professores e professoras atuantes na rede pública. Os resultados evidenciaram que o déficit na formação inicial dos professores, contribuiu para o trato pedagógico superficial do conteúdo lutas em suas aulas. Com isso, dificultando o desenvolvimento do conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo dos docentes, que atribuem sua principal fonte de conhecimentos sobre o tema a recortes oriundos da influência midiática e da proposição de atividades a partir do Currículo de Educação Física do Estado de São Paulo. Percebemos aqui, a importância da construção do conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo, para o desenvolvimento da base de conhecimentos do educador. Acreditamos, conforme Shulman, que é de suma importância que o professor/a domine uma base de...

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The present work has for objective to analyze the issue of training environmental awareness and its role in contemporary society. With the alarming scenario of degradation and environmental imbalance , political, social and non-governmental institutions have established the urgent need for an education that make changes in social behavior in relation to the environment. With this design is establishing environmental education, however the economic , financial and social scenario in which is inserted dismantles its effectiveness , since the transformations of modernity incited alienation, reification , individualization , indifference and consumerism . In this juncture it is noticed that environmental education needs to be analyzed by the perspective of a man in critical reflection of the capitalist structure. Given this need , it is proposed to reading Italo Calvino's work , since it approach the whole context of modern man , with his ailments , anxiety, exploitation , selfishness and destructive action of itself, others and the environment in living

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O Direito de propriedade, seguindo o desenvolvimento da sociedade, evoluiu e suportou grandes transformações ao longo da história. Diversas foram as concepções que surgiram para explicar sua natureza, partindo da idéia exposta no regime feudal, onde somente ao senhor cabia o direito de propriedade, passando para um conceito que consagrou a propriedade como um direito sagrado e inviolável, até acolher expressa e constitucionalmente sua função social, na consagração máxima ao princípio da Soacialidade, reflexo da publicização do Direito Civil moderno. Mesmo nos dias atuais, trata-se de um assunto emblemático haja vista sua utilização tímida na administração publica, muito embora o princípio da função social da propriedade tenha sido genericamente consagrado na Constituição Federal de 1988, igualmente adotado pelo Código Civil de 2002. O presente artigo, de caráter multidisciplinar, composto de duas fases, se propõe a analisar, inicialmente, a (in)aplicabilidade da função social dos bens públicos dominicais, estudo que se situa em uma zona cinzenta entre o Direito Constitucional, o Direito Administrativo e o Direito Civil. Para tanto, será feito uso dos princípios de interpretação constitucional, a fim de se alcançar o real sentido da norma estatuída nos artigos 170, III, 182 e 186, da Carta Política de 1988, além dos artigos 421, 1228, 1239 e 1240, das normas de direito material, e da análise do Estatuto das Cidades, inovação constitucional que delega aos Municípios a competência para impor a desapropriação, como decorrência última das sanções suportadas pelo proprietário, em razão do uso degenerado da propriedade urbana. Portanto, ainda que a aplicação da função social aos patrimônios públicos nos parece redundante, já que compete ao Estado a garantia do bem comum, resulta necessário, no panorama atual, fixar os parâmetros para a construção de um novo modelo de gestão do patrimônio público, atribuindo uma destinação adequada aos bens dominicais ociosos, que atenda a função social e atenda aos interesses públicos, em detrimento dos interesses dos rent seeking, tema abordado na segunda fase de desenvolvimento do presente projeto, conforme se poderá verificar com as conclusões apresentadas, haja vista que a tese apresentada busca revolucionar os modelos atuais de gestão do patrimônio público, que permanece mais público do que nunca, apenas com critérios bem definidos e estabelecidos para sua destinação, que em sendo adequada favorecerá o desenvolvimento econômico, social e cultural da sociedade, reduzindo as desigualdades.

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The (usually rotten) fruit theme or motif is recurring in Ferreira Gullar‟s poetic work (from A luta corporal, 1954, to Em alguma parte alguma, 2010). It can be said that the semantic-metaphoric field comprises metapoetic to political and social issues –expressive aspects in the author‟s trajectory. Thus, starting from the fruit topic which is characteristic of the bucolic-pastoral poetic tradition and tracing its presence in Brazil, this paper aims, by analysing some of Gullar‟s poems, to reflect on the peculiar way the problem is subverted in his lyric.

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School and family are critical contexts to the development of concepts in childhood and few studies are conducted from the report of children when they live in rest-home. The aim of this study was to investigate concepts that children in rest-homes have about school and gender. There were 22 participants, including boys and girls, between 4 and 6 years, who were interviewed with open questions for content analysis. For these children the school was associated with an area of study opportunities, favorable to themselves, although by necessity or obligation, and possibly with the presence of conflicts. The gender was described from biological and psychosocial aspects and children attributed their gender identity at destination, learning and social advantages. Children feel they belong to a gender in a positive way, although by attributing disadvantages to the opposite gender, for example, relating male aggression to violence. Children reproduce some patterns and social characteristics of gender that probably were learned in different contexts. We conclude that studies in this area are important to identify children´s conceptions about school and sexuality, their roles and representations, especially when they live in an environment with such specific features as a rest-home.

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The historical and social process has built models of masculinity and femininity that culminate in standards and norms to be followed by individuals in their social interactions. In recent decades studies based on the discussions that originated in the feminist movement have been investigating how social institutions, including medicine and other health sciences, have established standards of masculinity and femininity throughout the history, nurturing this sexist discourse on common sense and sciences. Social roles are assigned to the genera specifying rigid boundaries of behavior and social control. The notion of the female predisposition to physical and emotional disorders has prompted speculation within academic strands culminating in the creation of specialized medical illness that would prevent the female, the male permeated by notions of endurance and strength has become synonymous of a healthy body, confirming the male domination and the economic and political role of men. This research concerned to study and investigate through semi-structured interviews and content analysis, conceptions of gender and the differences between men and women in reports of 11 health professionals. The results indicate that in large part the conceptions of health professionals reproduce the hegemonic discourse about what being a man and woman. Further research could investigate the relationship between women and men with health care as well the care provided by health professionals

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This article aims to rank the main concepts in vogue in the city of São Paulo who contributed to the formulation of a shared urban oriented capitalist development and reproduction of the workforce. This way, it will discuss the main issues raised in the period, which is between the first decades of the XX Century to the end of the 1950s, trying to foresee how they worked as engineers and architects to incorporate the urbanistic proposals from Europe and the United States. And then, we will present, on the first four sections of this article, points of view that effectively impacted the paulista urban thought of the first half of the XX century: Sanitarism, pendular conception between the Mesologic Theory and the Microbian Theory; the Historicist formulation of Camillo Sitte; Howard´s garden-town and The French Experience. Our analyses were formulated having as a reference the broad systematization of bibliography and documents performed at the Arquivo Histórico Municipal (Intermediário) de Araraquara (Historical Municipal Archive from Araraquara), consultations at the the books of the library of the biblioteca da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da USP (USP Architecture and Urbanism College) and at the Faculdade de Ciências e Letras da UNESP, Araraquara-SP( College of Sciences and Languages from UNESP, campus Araraquara). The analisys of the performed research show that one urbanistic torrent at São Paulo State with clear influences from the conceptions that led the urbanistic debates in the first half of the XX Century. Although these conceptions compose a painting of urban transformations at São Paulo city and noticeably in some inland cities, previously to the solidification of a whole proposition for the city that was later called of Directive Plan.

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Inclusive education is a proposal in which all people are accepted and recognized by their individual characteristics. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the concept of inclusive education and its relation within the democratic management on the early childhood education. Participated in these study educators of two schools in a municipal system school, the data were collected by means of interviews and were analyzed using qualitative approach. Educators participated in the study of two schools in a municipal school, and the data collected by means of interviews and organizes collective actions designed. The survey results suggest that is necessary that the management team is informed and understands the importance of articulating different social segments that can assist special needs of students with disabilities in their needs, promoting thus its development.

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The general objective of this work is to analyze the conceptions of teaching and learning of kindergarten teachers use in their teaching practices and resources they adopt to work the subjects with the children. As a starting point for the research we considered the assumption that the teaching activities of teachers were supported by some principles of the psychogenetic paradigm, the theoretical basis of the constructivist pedagogical movement. However, by means of the observations and analysis carried out, our hypothesis was not consolidated because the practices of teachers and their conceptions of learning differ from the constructivist perspective announced. What can be concluded is that these teachers understand their role and the role of the school, more specifically the processes of teaching, as something that actually promotes the intellectual development of children effectively.

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This article aims to analyze the political and educational conceptions of Renato Jardim, intellectual who participated actively in Brazilian educational and political scenario in the early decades of XXth century. He was responsible for educational reform initiatives and had an active participation in major debates on education that occurred at that time. The methodology is the traditional analyses of bibliography. In addition to literature specialized in this theme, this work uses the author’s autobiography published in 1946 and four books of his own published between 1932 and 1936. In political area, it examines his arguments concerning the government stated by Getúlio Vargas in 1930 and the constitutionalist movement of 1932. In educational area, the work analyses his ideas regarding the introduction of psychoanalysis in pedagogical practices and his thoughts in search of a definition for the concept of New School.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar e discutir aspectos da formação de professores para o ensino de ciências nos anos iniciais da escolarização, focalizando abordagens que podem ser contempladas nos processos formativos para uma adequada compreensão da natureza da ciência. Desenvolvemos um estudo teórico, a partir da literatura científica, apresentando e discutindo algumas propostas: trabalhar a história e filosofia da ciência; inserir práticas diversificadas como a experimentação em uma abordagem investigativa; explorar a relação CTSA; usar diferentes fontes para estudo, preparação das aulas e seleção de atividades. Entendemos que trabalhar nesse sentido pode contribuir para a valorização da área de Ciências por parte dos professores em formação e para o enriquecimento da prática educativa com as crianças.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)