Partial cDNA sequence analysis of myosin Va from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and its relationship to myosin v isoforms from other vertebrates.

Partial cDNA sequences of myosin V from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were analyzed and showed high similarity to MVa from other vertebrates. Phylogenetic analysis has shown that events resulting in the formation of paralogous copies of myosin Va, Vb, and Vc occurred before the divergence of vertebrates into different classes. Expression analysis of myosin Va, Vb, and Vc in different O. mykiss tissues revealed MVa exclusively expressed in hypophysis and brain whereas Vb and Vc were expressed in practically all tissues analyzed. The nucleotide sequence for myosin V was explored in a fish species for the first time and these results represent an important start in understanding the organization, evolution, and expression of myosins in early vertebrates. The data presented here represent contributions to the knowledge of rainbow trout genome. A better understanding of this economically important species could assist in development of improved strains of this fish for aquaculture.

VO2m��x estimado e sua velocidade correspondente predizem o desempenho de corredores amadores

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)

Limiar anaer��bio e velocidade cr��tica determinada com diferentes dist��ncias em nadadores de 10 a 15 anos: rela����es com a performance e a resposta do lactato sangu��neo em testes de endurance

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a velocidade cr��tica (VC) determinada atrav��s de diferentes dist��ncias com o limiar anaer��bio (LAn) e as velocidades m��ximas mantidas em testes de 20 (V20) e 30 (V30) minutos na nata����o, verificando se a idade cronol��gica em jovens nadadores interfere nessas rela����es. Participaram do estudo 31 nadadores (17 meninas e 14 meninos) divididos segundo a idade cronol��gica em dois grupos: 10 a 12 anos e 13 a 15 anos. O LAn foi determinado como sendo a velocidade correspondente a 4mM de lactato sangu��neo. A VC1 (25/50/100m), VC2 (100/200/400m) e a VC3 (50/100/200m) foram calculadas atrav��s do coeficiente angular da reta de regress��o linear entre as dist��ncias e seus respectivos tempos. As V20 e V30 foram determinadas atrav��s de tr��s a seis repeti����es, com coletas de sangue no 10�� minuto e ao final do tiro. Para o grupo de 10 a 12 anos, a VC1 (m/s) (0,98 �� 0,17) e o LAn (0,97 �� 0,12) n��o foram diferentes entre si, sendo maiores do que a VC2 (0,92 �� 0,16), VC3 (0,89 �� 0,18), V20 (0,92 �� 0,11) e V30 (0,90 �� 0,11). Para o grupo de 13 a 15 anos, a VC1 (m/s)(1,11 �� 0,11) foi maior do que o LAn (1,02 �� 0,07), V20 (0,99 �� 0,09), V30 (0,97 �� 0,09), VC2 (0,98 �� 0,11) e VC3 (1,00 �� 0,11). Pode-se concluir que a dist��ncia utilizada na determina����o da VC interfere no valor obtido, independente da idade cronol��gica. A VC determinada com dist��ncias entre 50 e 400m pode ser utilizada na avalia����o da capacidade aer��bia de crian��as e adolescentes, substituindo os testes cont��nuos m��ximos com dura����es pr��ximas a 20 ou 30 minutos.

��ndices t��cnicos correspondentes �� velocidade cr��tica e �� m��xima velocidade de 30 minutos em nadadores com diferentes n��veis de performance aer��bia

O principal objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito do n��vel de performance aer��bia na rela����o entre os ��ndices t��cnicos correspondentes �� velocidade cr��tica (VC) e �� velocidade m��xima de 30 minutos (V30) em nadadores. Participaram deste estudo, 23 nadadores do g��nero masculino com caracter��sticas antropom��tricas similares, divididos segundo o n��vel de performance aer��bia em grupo G1 (maior performance) (n = 13) e G2 (menor performance) (n = 10). Os indiv��duos tinham pelo menos quatro anos de experi��ncia no esporte e treinavam um volume semanal de 30.000 a 45.000m. A VC foi determinada atrav��s do coeficiente angular da regress��o linear entre as dist��ncias (200 e 400m) e seus respectivos tempos. A V30 foi determinada atrav��s da m��xima dist��ncia realizada em um teste de 30 minutos. Todas as vari��veis foram determinadas no nado crawl. A VC foi significantemente maior do que a V30 no grupo G1 (1,30 �� 0,04 vs. 1,23 �� 0,06m.s-1) e no G2 (1,17 �� 0,08 vs. 1,07 �� 0,06m.s-1). As duas vari��veis foram maiores no grupo G1. As taxas de bra��ada correspondentes �� VC (TBVC) e �� V30 (TBV30) obtidas nos grupos G1 (33,07 �� 4,34 vs. 31,38 �� 4,15 ciclos.min-1) e G2 (35,57 �� 6,52 vs. 33,54 �� 5,89 ciclos.min-1) foram similares entre si. A TBVC foi significantemente menor no grupo 1 do que no grupo 2, enquanto que a TBV30 n��o foi diferente entre os grupos. Os comprimentos de bra��ada correspondentes �� VC (CBVC) e �� V30 (CBV30) foram significantemente maiores no grupo G1 (2,41 �� 0,33 vs. 2,38 �� 0,30m.ciclo-1) do que no G2 (2,04 �� 0,43 vs. 1,97 �� 0,40m.ciclo-1), e similares entre si nos dois grupos. As correla����es (r) entre a VC e a V30 e as vari��veis t��cnicas correspondentes ��s duas velocidades foram significantes em todas as compara����es (0,68 a 0,91). Portanto, a rela����o entre a velocidade e as vari��veis t��cnicas correspondentes �� VC e �� V30 n��o �� modificada pelo n��vel de performance aer��bia.

Utiliza����o do intercepto-y na avalia����o da aptid��o anaer��bia e predi����o da performance de nadadores treinados

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Determina����o da pot��ncia mec��nica no limite entre os dom��nios pesado/severo do crawl-atado

The aim of this study was to access the P-t(Lim) model in swimming, applying the load control available in full tethered swim condition. Its physiological meaning for the determination of boundary of heavy/severe domains was assessed from the relationships with critical velocity (CV), critical power (CP) and maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). The velocity at MLSS (v(MLSS) = 1.17 +/- 0.11 m/s) and CV (1.19 +/- 0.12 m/s) were significantly different. Similarly, the power at MLSS (p(MFEL) = 89.2 +/- 15.1 W) and CP (99.4 +/- 22.9 W) were significantly different. There was no difference between lactate concentration at vMLSS (3.54 +/- 0.9 mM) and p(MLSS) (3.76 +/- 0.6 mM). Significant Pearson's coefficients (r > 0.70) were observed among v(MLSS) and P-MLSS with their respective values on time-limited model. Thus, the tethered-crawl condition seems to be valid to determine the boundary of heavy/severe domains, and to access the aerobic capacity of swimmers.

Kinetic parameters for thermal decomposition of microcrystalline, vegetal, and bacterial cellulose

Cellulose can be obtained from innumerable sources such as cotton, trees, sugar cane bagasse, wood, bacteria, and others. The bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by the Gram-negative acetic-acid bacterium Acetobacter xylinum has several unique properties. This BC is produced as highly hydrated membranes free of lignin and hemicelluloses and has a higher molecular weight and higher crystallinity. Here, the thermal behavior of BC, was compared with those of microcrystalline (MMC) and vegetal cellulose (VC). The kinetic parameters for the thermal decomposition step of the celluloses were determined by the Capela-Ribeiro non-linear isoconversional method. From data for the TG curves in nitrogen atmosphere and at heating rates of 5, 10, and 20 A degrees C/min, the E(alpha) and B(alpha) terms could be determined and consequently the pre-exponential factor A(alpha) as well as the kinetic model g(alpha). The pyrolysis of celluloses followed kinetic model g(alpha) = [-ln(1 - alpha)](1.63) on average, characteristic for Avrami-Erofeev with only small differences in activation energy. The fractional value of n may be related to diffusion-controlled growth, or may arise from the distributions of sizes or shapes of the reactant particles.

Evaluation of recycled tiles and OSB ceiling materials in closed broiler house prototypes

This study aimed at evaluating the thermal performance of a modular ceiling system for poultry houses. The reduced- and distorted-scale prototypes used ceiling modules made of reforested wood and were covered with recycled long-life package tiles. The following parameters were measured for 21 days: tile internal surface temperature (ST), globe temperature and humidity index (WBGT), and radiant heat load (RHL). Measurements were made at times of highest heat load (11:00 am, 13:00 pm, and 03:00 pm). Collected data were analyzed by R statistics software. Means were compared by multiple comparison test (Tukey) and linear regression was performed, both at 5% significance level. The results showed that the prototype with the ceiling was more efficient to reduce internal tile surface temperature; however, this was not sufficient to provide a comfortable environment for broilers during the growout. Therefore, other techniques to provide proper cooling are required in addition to the ceiling.

Effect of dietary organic selenium and zinc on the internal egg quality of quail eggs for different periods and under different temperatures

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of organic selenium and zinc on the performance and egg quality of Japanese quails

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos do modo ventilat��rio sobre vari��veis hemogasom��tricas em equinos submetidos �� mudan��a de dec��bito durante a anestesia geral inalat��ria com halotano

Compararam-se os efeitos da ventila����o espont��nea (V E) e controlada (V C) em equinos submetidos �� mudan��a de dec��bito durante anestesia. Dezesseis animais foram equitativamente divididos em dois grupos: V E e V C. Os procedimentos cir��rgicos foram iniciados com os animais em dec��bito lateral esquerdo (DLE) e, ap��s 75 minutos, os animais foram reposicionados em dec��bito lateral direito (DLD). An��lises hemogasom��tricas do sangue arterial foram realizadas ap��s 30 e 75 minutos com os animais posicionados em cada dec��bito (M1 e M2 no DLE e M3 e M4 no DLD, respectivamente). Durante a V E, observaram-se hipercapnia (PaCO2 >45mmHg), acidose respirat��ria (pH <7,35), redu����o significativa da oxigena����o sangu��nea ap��s 75min da mudan��a de dec��bito (M4: 205,8��124,7mmHg) em rela����o aos valores de PaO2 observados antes da mudan��a de posicionamento (M1: 271,8��84,8mmHg). A Vc foi associada a valores de PaCO2 e pH mais pr��ximos da normalidade bem como resultou em valores de PaO2 significativamente maiores (52 a 96% de eleva����o nos valores m��dios) que a V E. Conclui-se que a mudan��a de dec��bito, em equinos anestesiados com halotano e mantidos sob V E, resulta em hipercapnia, acidose respirat��ria e diminui����o dos valores de PaO2. A institui����o de V C, desde o in��cio da anestesia, previne a acidose respirat��ria, al��m de resultar em valores de PaO2 mais pr��ximos do ideal para animais respirando O2 a 100%.

Does propofol and isoflurane protect the kidney against ischemia/reperfusion injury during transient hyperglycemia?

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos cardiorrespirat��rios do butorfanol em c��es pr��-tratados ou n��o pela levomepromazina

Objetivou-se com este experimento avaliar os efeitos do butorfanol precedido ou n��o pela levomepromazina sobre a freq����ncia card��aca (FC), as press��es arteriais sist��lica, diast��lica e m��dia (PAS, PAD e PAM, respectivamente), a freq����ncia respirat��ria (f), a concentra����o de di��xido de carbono ao final da expira����o (ETCO2), a satura����o da oxihemoglobina (SpO2), o volume corrente (VC) e o volume minuto (VM), em c��es. Para tal, foram empregados vinte animais adultos, clinicamente saud��veis, distribu��dos igualmente em dois grupos (GC e GL). Ao GC administrou-se solu����o salina a 0,9% (Controle), no volume de 0,2mL kg-1, pela via intravenosa (IV). Decorridos 15 minutos, administrou-se butorfanol na dose de 0,3mg kg-1 pela mesma via. Aos animais do GL foi adotada a mesma metodologia, por��m substituindo-se a solu����o salina pela levomepromazina na dose de 1mg kg-1. As medidas das vari��veis cardiorrespirat��rias iniciaram-se imediatamente antes da aplica����o dos f��rmacos (M1). Novas mensura����es foram realizadas 15 minutos ap��s a administra����o da solu����o salina a 0,9% ou levomepromazina (M2) e 10 minutos ap��s a administra����o de butorfanol (M3). As demais colheitas foram realizadas a intervalos de 10 minutos, durante 30 minutos (M4, M5 e M6, respectivamente). Os dados num��ricos colhidos foram submetidos �� An��lise de Vari��ncia (ANOVA), seguida pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05) para as compara����es das m��dias. O emprego do butorfanol promoveu diminui����o significativa das freq����ncias card��aca e respirat��ria e do volume minuto no grupo previamente tratado pela levomepromazina; entretanto, essas altera����es foram discretas, n��o comprometendo os demais par��metros circulat��rios e respirat��rios.

Partially exchanged organophilic bentonites

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)

Communication that values patient autonomy is associated with satisfaction with care: a systematic review

Question: Which communication factors used by clinicians during patient-clinician interactions are associated with satisfaction with care? Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis of studies investigating the association of verbal or nonverbal factors or interaction styles used by clinicians with patient satisfaction during an encounter between clinician and patient. Participants: Clinicians interacting with patients in primary care or rehabilitation settings. Results: Twenty-seven studies investigated 129 verbal, nonverbal, and interaction style factors. of these, 38 factors were consistently associated with satisfaction. Verbal factors concerning clinicians involving, facilitating, and supporting patients were associated with satisfaction with care. Most communication factors presented a fair correlation (r >= 0.21 but < 0.41) with satisfaction with care. Nonverbal factors such as time spent discussing prevention and time spent reading patient charts had a fair association with satisfaction with care (correlations range from 0.21 to 0.40). A moderate association was found between interaction styles such as caring (pooled r = 0.51, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.60) and satisfaction with care. Over half (58%) of the 129 identified factors never associated with satisfaction with care and the remainder associated inconsistently. Conclusion: The number of potential modifiable communication factors associated with satisfaction with care and the magnitude of their association partially support interventions to train clinicians in communication skills that value patient autonomy. [Oliveira VC, Refshauge KM, Ferreira ML, Pinto RZ, Beckenkamp PR, Negrao Filho RF, Ferreira PH (2012) Communication that values patient autonomy is associated with satisfaction with care: a systematic review. Journal of Physiotherapy 58: 215-229]