167 resultados para Hipocampo (Cérebro)


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This paper presents a brief review of theoretical studies on the stimulation and brain development. We also addressed questions about its plasticity, its influence on learning and behavior of the individual in interaction with the environment. Studies clearly show that the brain does not go into decline as we age. In this sense, a new discovery in neuroscience has revealed that the brain maintains the ability to grow and change the pattern of its connections to death. Findings such as these form the basis of neurobics. Demonstrating the importance of a relevant application of appropriate stimuli to change the morphology and function of neurons, the technique can be applied in different ways, ie, clinical, behavioral and neurological. Furthermore it can be applied during all phases of human development

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Apis mellifera honeybees are social insects of economic importance, by providing honeybee products, and by the pollination of natural areas of vegetation or agricultural areas. The constant use of pesticides, including the thiamethoxam, which is an insecticide belonging to the class of neonicotinoids with neurotoxic action, is subjecting pollinators to situations of severe stress, which has been evidenced by the decrease in the density of honeybees in many parts of the world. By these considerations, the present study aimed to assess the acute toxicity of thiamethoxam for newly emerged workers of A. mellifera, and to investigate the effect of sublethal doses of this insecticide on the survival time and its cytotoxicity to the brain and midgut to the honeybees. It was established the value of the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) equal to 4.28 ng thiamethoxam/μL of food and from it, the sublethal concentrations of 0.428 ng thiamethoxam/μL (CL50/10) and 0.0428 ng thiamethoxam/μL (CL50/100), which were used in bioassays of intoxication of the honeybees. After the bioassays the bees were dissected and the brain and midguts were collected to analyze possible morphological (staining with Hematoxylin-Eosin) and histochemical alterations (Xylidine Ponceau technique, and Feulgen and PAS reactions) caused by exposure to thiamethoxam, and to calculate the lethal time (LT50) for the workers. The duration of the bioassays was 8 days after beginning of feeding. The results obtained showed that the thiamethoxam is toxic to newly-emerged workers of A. mellifera, causing changes in survival time of individuals. This study also shown that the thiamethoxam causes morphological and histochemical alterations on the midgut and brain of workers. These alterations may be reflected in physiological and behavioral changes that can modify the operation of the colony

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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My purpose is to reflect critically on how Benjamin Libet interprets his experiments, which are focused primarily on the question of free will. These experiments have often been considered as scientific evidence against free will, to the extent that they would have shown that the intention and will result from conscious brain processes, which are unconscious and precedents. But that is not the position of Libet, which distinguishes intention and conscious will, arguing that only the first results from previous and unconscious brain processes, while the second is autonomous and able to act causally on brain. Thus, Libet choose to ignore the suggestion of its initial experiments, that is, that all mental events result of specific brain processes. I argue that Libet ignores it because he is not able to understand how mental events, being essentially separated and at the same time the result of brain activity, could act causally on the brain.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Os efeitos da captura (perseguição, contenção em puçá e exposição aérea) no perfil sanguíneo do cortisol, glicose, cloreto, sódio, potássio, cálcio e na osmolaridade, hematócrito, hemoglobina, número de células vermelhas (CV) e volume corpuscular médio (VCM) foram investigados no pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Um total de 132 peixes (49,7 ± 11,7 g) foi submetido à captura com 3 ou 5 minutos de exposição aérea. Nove peixes de cada tratamento foram amostrados 5, 15, 30, 60 minutos e 24 horas depois e outros nove peixes foram amostrados antes da captura e considerados controle. A captura resultou em aumento do cortisol e glicose no sangue 30 e 5 minutos depois da captura, respectivamente, independente do tempo de exposição aérea. Ambos os indicadores recuperaram os valores controle em 24 horas. Nos dois grupos de peixes, o cloreto plasmático diminuiu 60 minutos após captura e não recuperou os valores controle, enquanto o sódio sérico aumentou entre 15 e 30 minutos recuperando a condição controle em 24 horas. Não houve alteração significativa nos valores de potássio, cálcio, osmolaridade ou no hematócrito, hemoglobina, CV e VCM como consequência da captura. Os estressores sequenciais aplicados no pacu durante a captura ativaram o eixo cérebro-pituitária-interrenal (respostas do cortisol e glicose), mas a ativação do eixo cérebro-sistema simpático-células cromafins foi aparentemente moderada (respostas iônicas e hematológicas).

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Fifteen cases of viral meningoencephalitis in Colombian cattle were tested by nested PCR analysis for the detection of bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5). All fatal cases had shown severe neurological signs and had occurred following natural outbreaks of the disease. The neurological infection was histologically characterized by mild to moderate inflammatory changes in the brain and cerebellum, including meningitis, mononuclear perivascular cuffing, gliosis, haemorrhage, and the presence of Gitter cells (macrophages) accompanying large areas of malacia. No intranuclear inclusion bodies were seen in any of the cases. Results from BoHV-5 molecular extraction analyses showed there were five positive cases thus confirming the presence of the virus in Colombia.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Com o objetivo de se avaliar o comportamento fisiológico das aves, bem como, se ocorre a expressão da proteína do choque térmico (Hsp 70) no fígado e cérebro, como conseqüência da exposição ao estresse por calor, em quatro dias sucessivos (2 a 5 dias de vida), 20 pintos de corte de duas linhagens Pescoço pelado (Na/na) e Hubbard-Petersen, foram ou não estressados à temperatura de 36-37°C, durante cinco horas. Foram colhidas amostras de fígado e cérebro, ao final do período de estresse, e analisadas por Western Blotting, para determinação dos níveis de Hsp 70. Os resultados não mostraram associação entre perda de peso corporal e as demais características. Aumentos da variação de temperatura cloacal apresentaram aumentos nos níveis de Hsp70 no tecido hepático e cerebral. Concluiu-se que a concentração de Hsp70 no cérebro, apresentou-se correlacionada com a variação de temperatura cloacal, quando se usou o condicionamento ao calor em pintos de corte, embora não se possa afirmar que seria indicativo de termotolerância de aves.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)